Explore the vast range of titles available.

Premna integrifolia L. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, green silver nanoparticles were synthesized efficiently after mixing 1 mmol/L AgNO 3 and 4% aqueous leaf extract at neutral pH (7.0) after 25 min sunlight exposure. The aqueous leaf extract was enriched with polyphenols. It had higher flavonoid (67.23 ± 1.23 µg/mg gallic acid equivalent) than phenolic content (58.10 ± 2.29 µg/mg rutin equivalent). The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic studies. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape and ranged from 9 to 35 nm in size. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed on the basis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. The presence of silver ions in the biosynthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated based on energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) data (3.5 keV). The functional groups involved in the nanoparticle synthesis were analysed using FT-IR. These silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against human pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) bacteria. The silver nanoparticles exhibited good in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa).

The genus Premna , one of the largest woody genera of Lamiaceae, comprises approximately 130 species distributed across the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. Previous classification and identification of the genus has mainly relied on morphological studies, resulting in significant taxonomic ambiguity and misidentification. In Thailand, over 20 Premna species have been recorded but their phylogenetic relationships have never been well investigated, particularly within the P . serratifolia complex which is the most taxonomically complicated species with the most extensive synonymy within the genus, leading to uncertainty regarding species recognition. This study presents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Premna in Thailand by utilizing four chloroplast regions ( ndhF , rbcL , rps16 , and trnL-F ), and focuses on resolving the intricate relationships within the P. serratifolia complex while providing taxonomic notes for Thai species. The results confirm the monophyly of Premna and reveal two primary clades which are discussed in the context of both morphological and molecular evidence. We successfully disentangled the taxonomic confusion surrounding the P . serratifolia complex with reinstatement of P . paniculata , and P . punctulata while P . cordifolia was confirmed as a distinct species and occurs in Thailand. We also treated P. octonervia under P . serratifolia . Additionally, P. interrupta  var.  smitinandii  was reduced to a synonym of P. interrupta , P . coriacea was excluded from the Thai flora, and P . coriacea var. villosa was lectotypified. As a result, 21 species are now recognized in Thailand. To facilitate future identification efforts, we provide an updated diagnostic key for all species, detailed morphological descriptions, a comprehensive list of examined specimens within the P . serratifolia complex, and field photographs of several species. These findings enhance our understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Premna in Thailand, offering a robust framework for further research on this taxonomically challenging genus.

Pectin are polymer of D-galacturonic acids that connected by α-1, 4 glucosidic. Cincau ( Premna oblongifolia Merr.) leaves known as natural source of pectin. This research was aimed to investigate the characeristics of pectin extracted from cincau leaves ( Premna oblongifolia Merr.) using direct heating extraction method. The result of pectin characterization indicated that equivalent weight of 1162.72 mg, methoxyl of 5.06%, galacturonic content of 59.84%, and the degree of esterification of 48.01%. The conclusion of this study showed that pectin extracted from direct heating extraction were classified as low methoxyl pectin (esterification degree < 50%).

The prevalence of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is continuously increasing globally, demanding the urgent search for new treatment agents due to the limitations of existing therapies. Premna puberula Pamp. (PP), a traditional medicinal and dietary plant, has anti-inflammatory properties. Its extracts’ therapeutic benefits for UC have not been documented, though. Therefore, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of PPEAC on UC, providing a reference for new UC therapies. In our study, we used UPLC-MS/MS to determine the composition of Premna puberula Pamp’s ethyl acetate extract (PPEAC). We assessed the effectiveness of PPEAC using a UC mouse model. The results demonstrated that PPEAC significantly reduced the Disease Activity Index (DAI) scores, lowered liver and spleen weight ratios, mitigated colonic shortening and histopathological damage, and alleviated oxidative stress. This research represented the first systematic investigation into the molecular mechanism of PPEAC ameliorating UC by modulating the intestinal flora-metabolism axis. PPEAC appeared to have a therapeutic impact on UC by boosting phosphatidylcholine (PC) analog levels and the number of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae, as well as altering alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. Our research provided a new therapeutic approach for using PP as a traditional functional plant for food and medicine, as well as a new viewpoint for the creation of UC-targeted treatments based on conventional herbs.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of pectin extracted from Premna microphylla Turcz leaves (PTP) against high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice. PTP was made using the acid extraction method, and it was found to be an acidic pectin that had relative mole percentages of 32.1%, 29.2%, and 26.2% for galacturonic acid, arabinose, and galactose, respectively. The administration of PTP in C57BL/6J mice inhibited the HFD-induced abnormal weight gain, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemia, and also improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by the improved insulin tolerance and the decreased glucose levels during an insulin sensitivity test. These effects were linked to increased energy expenditure, as demonstrated by the upregulation of thermogenesis-related protein UCP1 expression in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of PTP-treated mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that PTP dramatically improved the HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by lowering the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the quantity of potentially harmful bacteria. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for us to understand the functions and usages of PTP in alleviating obesity.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Premna odorata ( P. odorata ) (Lamiaceae) on the hepatic and nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) in rat. Wistar male rats were equally classified into four groups: control, P. odorata extract (500 mg/kg B.W.), AlCl 3 (70 mg/kg B.W.), and P. odorata extract plus AlCl 3 groups. All treatments were given orally for 4 weeks. Serum transaminases and some biochemical parameters, hepatic and renal antioxidant/oxidant biomarker; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA expression; histopathological examination of the liver, and kidneys were investigated. The obtained results revealed that AlCl 3 significantly increased the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as produced a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine concentrations, while there were no changes observed in the total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Also, aluminum administration significantly decreased the reduced glutathione content and increased the catalase activity, malondialdehyde, and TNF-α concentrations in the liver and kidney tissue. Moreover, AlCl 3 results in congestion, degeneration, and inflammation of the liver and kidney tissue. Co-treatment of P. odorata extract with AlCl 3 alleviated its harmful effects on the previous parameters and reduced the histopathological alterations induced by AlCl 3 . Therefore, Premna odorata may have a potent protective effect against oxidative stress induced by Al toxicity through downregulation of MMP9 and TGF-β gene expression.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of stem bark extract of Premna spinosa (Lamiaceae), by using streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic models in albino rats. The blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined in STZ-NA-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats, as per the respective protocols. It was found that there is the dose dependent and significant reduction in foregoing parameters on the administration of extract from Premna spinosa stem bark at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight to diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats. From these observed results it may be inferred that the stem bark of Premna spinosa possesses remarkable antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties.

This study, for the first time, explored the preventive effects of a novel pectic polysaccharide from Premna microphylla Turcz leaves (PMTL) on experimental constipation. Diphenoxylate-induced constipation model (CM) rats were fed a standard rodent chow supplemented with or without PMTL (5%, 10%, and 20%) for 6 weeks. Supplementation of PMTL was shown to accelerate intestinal peristalsis, increase fecal water content, improve intestinal morphology, and suppress gut inflammation by facilitating the secretion of excitatory neurotransmitters (MTL, ACH, and SP) and decreasing the secretion of inhibitory neurotransexcitatory neurotransmittersmitters (SS and NO) in the CM rats. PMTL also reduced the expressions of the colonic aquaporins AQP3 and AQP4 in the CM rats to normalize the colonic water transport system. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that PMTL relieved the gut microbiota disorder of the CM rats and promoted the proliferation of several beneficial bacteria, resulting in an increase in fecal short-chain fatty acids. These findings demonstrate that dietary PMTL consumption can ameliorate the development of constipation and PMTL can be considered as a great promising dietary supplement for alleviating constipation.

Increased soil erosion as a consequence of karst rocky desertification (KRD) reduces soil quality and plant diversity. Premna puberula Pamp. is a perennial understory shrub that can adapt to the harsh environment of KRD and has potential value for KRD environmental restoration. We measure morphological and photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient accumulation, and soil physical and chemical properties of two-year-old P. puberula planted in KRD habitat and non-rocky desertification areas, and investigate how it adapts to this habitat. In KRD areas, P. puberula reduces aboveground water loss by decreasing leaf area, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, while increasing leaf thickness, root length and number, and increases belowground biomass to absorb more water and nutrients. In KRD areas, drought leads to decreased leaf water content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, and chlorophyll content, and decreased photosynthetic rate. Soluble sugar and protein contents increase in KRD areas in response to water stress, but pectin and flavonoid contents decrease. Correlation analysis reveals that leaf area and thickness are important functional traits that affect leaf water content and photosynthesis. Totals of leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, along with C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios, are coupled with leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root development. Redundancy analysis reveals that available K and P, and total P, K, and N in soil mainly influence the differences in plant functional traits, explaining 95.8%, 95.5%, 91.1%, 85.8%, and 74% of variation, respectively. We hypothesize that P. puberula reduces aboveground productivity to maintain its water balance, and acquires more water and nutrients by increasing belowground biomass. It indicates that this species adapts to arid KRD environments.

Premna odorata Blanco (Lamiaceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant, where some reports claimed their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antituberculosis effects, without investigating its role on the brain. Therefore, forty mature male rats were equally divided into 4 groups; the 1st was kept as control. Rats in groups 2 and 4 were orally given P. odorata extract daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg B.W., while those in groups 3 and 4 were daily administrated aluminum chloride “AlCl 3 ” (70 mg/kg B.W.). The treatments extended for 30 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, brain samples were collected for biochemical assay of glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). Besides, monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), amino acids (glutamine, serine, arginine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), neurotransmitters, DNA damage, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α genes were estimated. Moreover, brain samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Aluminum toxicity resulted in a decline of GSH concentration, elevation of MDA, and AChE activity. Except for GABA which exhibited a significant decrease, there was a marked increase in the measured amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters. Also, an increase in mRNA expressions of TNF-α and COX-2 was detected. It was noticed that Premna odorata extract reduced the oxidative stress and counteracted the augmentations in AChE caused by AlCl 3 . Marked improvements in most measured neurotransmitters with downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression were recorded in P. odorata + AlCl 3 group. Premna odorata restores the altered histopathological feature induced by AlCl 3 . In conclusion, the present findings clarify that P. odorata extract could be important in improving and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as it was able to reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, biochemical alterations, and histopathological changes in rats exposed to AlCl 3 toxicity.