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"Prenuptial agreements (Islamic law)"
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Peran Notaris Dalam Pembuatan Akta Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Bersama Bagi Pasangan Bercerai Tanpa Adanya Perjanjian Kawin
Harta benda sebagai penopang kehidupan kedua mempelai dalam ikatan perkawinan. Dimana harta tersebut ada yang diperoleh sebelum perkawinan (harta bawaan) dan diperoleh selama perkawinan (harta bersama). Apabila ikatan perkawinan tersebut sudah bubar atau putus, maka masing-masing dari mereka akan mempertahankan hak-haknya atas harta bersama sehingga harta bersama tersebut sering menjadi persoalan yang serius dan sering memunculkan perdebatan diantara kedua belah pihak (suami dan isteri). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pembagian harta bersama bagi pasangan yang bercerai tanpa adanya perjanjian kawin dalam konsepsi keadilan dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Peran Notaris dalam pembuatan akta pembagian harta bersama bagi pasangan yang bercerai tanpa adanya perjanjian kawin.Metode pendekatan penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah yuridis sosiologis. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif analisis. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data primer yang meliputi: Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Peraturan Perundang-undangan Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Peraturan Perundang-undangan Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris dan data sekunder yang berupa buku-buku serta dokumen-dokumen pendukung lainnya. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan studi pustaka. Metode analisa data yang digunakan analisis kualitatif.Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan bahwa: Pertama, pembagian harta bersama bagi pasangan bercerai dalam konsep keadilan yaitu membagi harta bersama secara seimbang atau sama rata. Hal tersebut selaras dengan yang telah diatur dalam Undang-undang Perkawinan, KUHPerdata serta kompilasi Hukum Islam yang menyatakan Jika terjadi perceraian maka harta bersama di bagi sama rata. Kedua, Peran notaris dalam pembuatan akta perjanjian pembagian harta bersama bagi pasangan bercerai tanpa adanya perjanjian kawin yaitu notaris sebagai pejabat umum yang memiliki wewenang membuat akta otentik termasuk akta perjanjian pembagian harta bersama berdasarkan kehendak dari kedua belah pihak yang secara sepakat membagi hartanya sesuai dengan Undang-undang yang berlaku.
Dissertation
Interpretation of Islamic Marriage Contracts by American Courts
The equitable distribution of assets pursuant to a divorce is often complex, but when the divorce is between practicing Muslims, the requisite Islamic marriage contract may complicate these proceedings even further by introducing terms with which US courts are largely unfamiliar. Under Islamic tradition and law, marriage contracts, called nikah agreements, must include a term whereby the husband gives something of value to the wife called the mahr or sadaq, which Americans might commonly call a bride price, a dower, a marriage gift, or a dowry. This essay acknowledges that if courts agree with some scholars and void the agreements entirely or are unable to enforce them under American laws, wives will still benefit from American division of property laws. Although there are no published cases addressing attempted enforcement during probate, it is highly possible that such cases will arise. Therefore, it is imperative that courts that address family law frequently learn more about this issue.
Journal Article
A Student Note: Religious Marriage Contracts: Judicial Enforcement of Mahr Agreements in American Courts
During the latter part of the twentieth century, Islamic law or shari'a has had an increasingly practical influence on the types of cases adjudicated in American courts. As the Muslim population continues to grow, the American legal system will inevitably face interesting, complex family law questions that are intertwined with Islamic law. While religious denominations have a genuine and continuing interest in marriage and its rights and obligations, religious laws are clearly subordinate to state secular law. A religious marriage is valid only to the extent that it complies with a state's statutory requirements. Likewise, state statutes regulate divorce and designate specific state courts as the forum for the divorce proceeding. Since marriage and divorce are controlled by secular state law, it is insufficient for Muslims to adhere solely to the shari'a on these matters. However, as the state continues to cede some of its traditional authority in favor of increased private ordering of the institution of marriage, religious adherents are looking to contracts as a means to abide by religious precepts and secular law. These contracts provide methods whereby “parties agree to internal (religious law) resolutions of marital disputes, but the agreement itself is enforceable by the external authorities.”
Journal Article
International divorce a murky pit: The Tribune's Laurie Goering discovers that the laws governing European marital breakups are anything but unified
The American pop star, friends told the tabloids, never quite came to grips with her British film director husband's pint-drinking and steak-eating; he couldn't stomach her four-hour-a-day gym routines and macrobiotic diet, even if it did help keep the money pouring in. In a nation that offers some of the world's fattest divorce settlements, Ritchie -- whose personal worth is a small fraction of Madonna's estimated half-billion dollars -- could potentially claim half his wife's income during their marriage, maintenance payments for life and even half of her overall wealth -- well above what British newspapers say is her current offer of about $45 million.
Newsletter
Donald Trump praised Saudi Arabia's Shariah Law for making it easy for men to get divorced
According to the UN's Spring Forward For Women programme, in Saudi Arabia men have a unilateral right to divorce their wives without needing any legal justification, with the divorce being immediately effective.
Newspaper Article
Marital Contracts with Religious Provisions
Consent and Formalization Premarital or marital agreements must be entered into voluntarily and can be set aside on grounds, such as fraud or duress, that would invalidate a commercial contract. [...]a couple who are engaged or married are generally understood to have a confidential relationship with heighted duties of disclosure and fair dealing. Scope and Content As with any contract, careful drafting is important to reflect parties' intentions clearly and frame their obligations in a manner that a state court judge can understand and enforce without need for parol evidence or expert testimony on foreign or religious law. To avoid this problem, couples for whom the religious divorce is an important concern now include arbitration clauses in their premarital agreements, promising to appear before a religious tribunal for resolution of any disputes that arise in their marriage. Since the ruling in Avitzur v. Avitzur, 446 N.E.2d 136 (N.Y. 1983), New York courts have enforced this type of provision if it can be done solely based on \"application of neutral principles of contract law, without reference to any religious principle.\" Useful Sources * Maha Alkhateeb, Islamic Marriage Contracts: A Resource Guide of Legal Professionals, Advocates, Imams and Communities (2012) (available from the New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence at www.nyscadv.org) * Beth Din of America (www.bethdin.org) (web page with forms and information for preparing Jewish prenuptial agreements) * Linda J. Ravdin, Premarital Agreements: Drafting and Negotiation (Am.
Magazine Article