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Licensing Loyalty
In Licensing Loyalty, historian Jane McLeod explores the evolution of the idea that the royal government of eighteenth-century France had much to fear from the rise of print culture. She argues that early modern French printers helped foster this view as they struggled to negotiate a place in the expanding bureaucratic apparatus of the French state. Printers in the provinces and in Paris relentlessly lobbied the government, hoping to convince authorities that printing done by their commercial rivals posed a serious threat to both monarchy and morality. By examining the French state’s policy of licensing printers and the mutually influential relationships between officials and printers, McLeod sheds light on our understanding of the limits of French absolutism and the uses of print culture in the political life of provincial France.
eBook
Johannes Gutenberg and the printing press
Presents the life of the printer and explains how his movable type printing press changed the world.
BOOK
Development of Jigs in Reducer Work for Ink Marking in The Pipe Turning Process
In the pipe turning process, jigs and fixtures are important production tools in manufacturing, as they perform the functions of positioning, supporting, and securing components to be assembled. In a case study, it was found that a new inkjet printer had been purchased to replace the old pad printer in the carbon marking department. The new inkjet printer was introduced, but there was a problem with marking on small pipes of 1 1/2 inches. This research proposes a solution to the problem of clamping small, marked workpieces on reducers by developing a dedicated workpiece jigs. The results show that jigs significantly improves the case of workpiece removal and reduces disassembly time.In further stages of this work, the research endeavours can concentrate on further enhancing and refining the clamping devices to elevate their performance. That could involve optimizing the materials employed and adapting the design to accommodate a broader range of workpiece shapes.
Journal Article
The impact of process parameters on mechanical properties of parts fabricated in PLA with an open-source 3-D printer
Purpose
– This study aims to quantify the ultimate tensile strength and the nominal strain at break (ɛf) of printed parts made from polylactic acid (PLA) with a Replicating Rapid prototyper (Rep-Rap) 3D printer, by varying three important process parameters: layer thickness, infill orientation and the number of shell perimeters. Little information is currently available about mechanical properties of parts printed using open-source, low-cost 3D printers.
Design/methodology/approach
– A computer-aided design model of a tensile test specimen was created, conforming to the ASTM:D638. Experiments were designed, based on a central composite design. A set of 60 specimens, obtained from combinations of selected parameters, was printed on a Rep-Rap Prusa I3 in PLA. Testing was performed using a JJ Instruments – T5002-type tensile testing machine and the load was measured using a load cell of 1,100 N.
Findings
– This study investigated the main impact of each process parameter on mechanical properties and the effects of interactions. The use of a response surface methodology allowed the proposition of an empirical model which connects process parameters and mechanical properties. Even though results showed a high variability, additional ideas on how to understand the impact of process parameters are suggested in this paper.
Originality/value
– On the basis of experimental results, it is possible to obtain practical suggestions to set common process parameters in relation to mechanical properties. Experiments discussed in the present paper provide a variety of data and insight regarding the relationship among the main process parameters and the stiffness and strength of fused deposition modeling-printed parts made from PLA. In particular, this paper underlines the shortage in existing literature concerning the impact of process parameters on the elastic modulus and the strain to failure for the PLA. The experimental data produced show a good degree of compliance with analytical formulations and other data found in literature.
Journal Article
Mastering 3D printing in the classroom, library, and lab
Learn how to manage and integrate the technology of 3D printers in the classroom, library, and lab. With this book, the authors give practical, lessons-learned advice about the nuts and bolts of what happens when you mix 3D printers, teachers, students, and the general public in environments ranging from K-12 and university classrooms to libraries, museums, and after-school community programs. Take your existing programs to the next level with Mastering 3D Printing in the Classroom, Library, and Lab. Organized in a way that is readable and easy to understand, this book is your guide to the many technology options available now in both software and hardware, as well as a compendium of practical use cases and a discussion of how to create experiences that will align with curriculum standards. You'll examine the whole range of working with a 3D printer, from purchase decision to curriculum design. Finally this book points you forward to the digital-fabrication future current students will face, discussing how key skills can be taught as cost-effectively as possible.--Back cover.
Book
3D Printing in Suspension Baths: Keeping the Promises of Bioprinting Afloat
Extrusion-based 3D printers have been adopted in pursuit of engineering functional tissues through 3D bioprinting. However, we are still a long way from the promise of fabricating constructs approaching the complexity and function of native tissues. A major challenge is presented by the competing requirements of biomimicry and manufacturability. This opinion article discusses 3D printing in suspension baths as a novel strategy capable of disrupting the current bioprinting landscape. Suspension baths provide a semisolid medium to print into, voiding many of the inherent flaws of printing onto a flat surface in air. We review the state-of-the-art of this approach and extrapolate toward future possibilities that this technology might bring, including the fabrication of vascularized tissue constructs.
3D printing in suspension media unlocks the full potential of extrusion-based 3D printers by providing a strategy for fabricating non–self-supporting structures from water-rich, low-viscosity bioinks.Biomimetic structures representative of native vascular channels have been printed in suspension media, demonstrating that both omnidirectional printing and printing in discrete arbitrary locations are possible with this printing strategy.Retention of a suspension medium following printing of embedded constructs is achievable through crosslinking. Suspension media are therefore able to double as a 3D cell culture substrate in which printed features such as vessels or cell populations can help with maturing of the engineered tissue.
Journal Article
Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing
There is growing interest in voxelated matter that is designed and fabricated voxel by voxel
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–
4
. Currently, inkjet-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is the only widely adopted method that is capable of creating 3D voxelated materials with high precision
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–
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, but the physics of droplet formation requires the use of low-viscosity inks to ensure successful printing
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. By contrast, direct ink writing, an extrusion-based 3D printing method, is capable of patterning a much broader range of materials
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–
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. However, it is difficult to generate multimaterial voxelated matter by extruding monolithic cylindrical filaments in a layer-by-layer manner. Here we report the design and fabrication of voxelated soft matter using multimaterial multinozzle 3D (MM3D) printing, in which the composition, function and structure of the materials are programmed at the voxel scale. Our MM3D printheads exploit the diode-like behaviour that arises when multiple viscoelastic materials converge at a junction to enable seamless, high-frequency switching between up to eight different materials to create voxels with a volume approaching that of the nozzle diameter cubed. As exemplars, we fabricate a Miura origami pattern
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and a millipede-like soft robot that locomotes by co-printing multiple epoxy and silicone elastomer inks of stiffness varying by several orders of magnitude. Our method substantially broadens the palette of voxelated materials that can be designed and manufactured in complex motifs.
Voxelated soft matter is designed and fabricated using multimaterial multinozzle three-dimensional printing, which switches between different viscoelastic inks along the same print filament to print multiple materials simultaneously.
Journal Article