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"Process engineering"
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Kanban change leadership : creating a culture of continuous improvement
\"This book provides an understanding of what is necessary to properly understand change management with Kanban as well as how to apply it optimally in the workplace\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sustainable Process Integration and Intensification
In its second edition, Sustainable Process Integration and Intensification continues the presentation of fundamentals of key areas of both fields.Thoroughly updated and extended to include the latest developments, the reader also finds illustrated working sessions for deeper understanding of the taught materials.The book is addressed to graduate.
eBook
The uncoding the digital : technology, subjectivity and action in the control society
\" Examining the impact of digital media on surveillance, power and people's capacity for action, this book explores how people act, and are acted upon, in an increasingly connected world\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
NIN-like protein 8 is a master regulator of nitrate-promoted seed germination in Arabidopsis
Seeds respond to multiple different environmental stimuli that regulate germination. Nitrate stimulates germination in many plants but how it does so remains unclear. Here we show that the Arabidopsis NIN-like protein 8 (NLP8) is essential for nitrate-promoted seed germination. Seed germination in nlp8 loss-of-function mutants does not respond to nitrate. NLP8 functions even in a nitrate reductase-deficient mutant background, and the requirement for NLP8 is conserved among Arabidopsis accessions. NLP8 reduces abscisic acid levels in a nitrate-dependent manner and directly binds to the promoter of CYP707A2, encoding an abscisic acid catabolic enzyme. Genetic analysis shows that NLP8-mediated promotion of seed germination by nitrate requires CYP707A2. Finally, we show that NLP8 localizes to nuclei and unlike NLP7, does not appear to be activated by nitrate-dependent nuclear retention of NLP7, suggesting that seeds have a unique mechanism for nitrate signalling.
Journal Article
Fake silk : the lethal history of viscose rayon
When a new technology makes people ill, how high does the body count have to be before protective steps are taken? This disturbing book tells a dark story of hazardous manufacturing, poisonous materials, environmental abuses, political machinations, and economics trumping safety concerns. It explores the century-long history of ?fake silk,? or cellulose viscose, used to produce such products as rayon textiles and tires, cellophane, and everyday kitchen sponges. Paul Blanc uncovers the grim history of a product that crippled and even served a death sentence to many industry workers while also releasing toxic carbon disulfide into the environment. Viscose, an innovative and lucrative product first introduced in the early twentieth century, quickly became a multinational corporate enterprise. Blanc investigates industry practices from the beginning through two highly profitable world wars, the midcentury export of hazardous manufacturing to developing countries, and the current ?greenwashing? of viscose as an eco-friendly product. Deeply researched and boldly presented, this book brings to light an industrial hazard whose egregious history ranks with those of asbestos, lead, and mercury.
Book
Global-to-local simulation of the thermal history in the laser powder bed fusion process based on a multiscale finite element approach
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a well-studied additive manufacturing (AM) process that is currently employed in most industries. LPBF manufactured parts tend to be larger, and trial errors are very costly when production fails. Simulation tools enable the anticipation of distortion issues from residual stress formation. These distortions and other defects generated during the LPBF process have thermal origins, and a thorough thermal history simulation is required before any mechanical or metallurgical simulations. The parameters influencing the thermal fields are applied at different spatial and temporal ranges, making it difficult to simulate the entire process with a unique finite element (FE) time-space mesh. The objective of the method presented in this study is to consider every identified parameter with an impact on the thermal field during the process. This approach is a sequential multiscale FE analysis from the macroscale to any specific microscale region. This approach is based on a specific definition of the temporal and spatial domains defined from the mentioned parameters. A case study was performed to highlight the method: progressive zooming was performed to estimate the thermal fields at five different scales, down to the microscale, that is, near a melt pool. Using this approach, specific regions were selected and zoomed down based on the peak temperatures. Simplifying hypotheses were methodically introduced, and both initial and boundary conditions were defined from the results of the previous levels. The computing durations for this specific part were approximately 14 h, and ways of improving the durations were discussed.
Journal Article
Social media, parties, and political inequalities
\"How have social media transformed politics in Western democracies? This book examines this question focusing on the power balance between and within parties in the Netherlands from a comparative perspective. Jacobs and Spierings also investigates topics such as local/European politics and the impact on women and ethnic-minorities\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Process development of itaconic acid production by a natural wild type strain of Aspergillus terreus to reach industrially relevant final titers
Itaconic acid is a promising organic acid and is commercially produced by submerged fermentation of
Aspergillus terreus.
The cultivation process of the sensitive filamentous fungus has been studied intensively since 1932, with respect to fermentation media components, oxygen supply, shearing rate, pH value, or culture method. Whereas increased final titers were achieved over the years, the productivity has so far remained quite low. In this study, the impact of the pH on the itaconic acid production was investigated in detail. The pH during the growth and production phase had a significant influence on the final itaconic acid concentration and pellet diameter. The highest itaconic acid concentration of 160 g/L was achieved at a 1.5-L scale within 6.7 days by raising and controlling the pH value to pH 3.4 in the production phase. An ammonia solution and an increased phosphate concentration were used with an itaconic acid yield of 0.46 (
w/w
) and an overall productivity of 0.99 g/L/h in a fed-batch mode. A cultivation with a lower phosphate concentration resulted in an equal final concentration with an increased yield of 0.58 (
w/w
) after 11.8 days and an overall productivity of 0.57 g/L/h. This optimized process was successfully transferred from a 1.5-L scale to a 15-L scale. After 9.7 days, comparable pellet morphology and a final concentration of 150 g/L itaconic acid was reached. This paper provides a process strategy to yield a final titer of itaconic acid from a wild-type strain of
A. terreus
which is in the same range as the well-known citric acid production.
Journal Article
Identifying main contamination factors of laser powder bed fusion oxidation-sensitive powders
Recycling and reusing powders in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process can reduce production costs, but may cause unintended oxidation, and in some cases, the oxygen content exceeds the standards. In a first study, oxygen levels of AlSi10Mg samples manufactured from powders which suffered different manipulations inside and outside the LPBF system were compared. Powders were used in closed-loop up to 5 cycles. Some samples were manufactured with powders which have been heated by their proximity with the scanning zones, and recycled multiple times, although other samples were manufactured from solely recycled powders. A clear rise in oxygen levels (+ 120 ppm in five productions) was observed for samples from powders which have previously suffered from heat, compared to non-multiple heated powders (+ 10 ppm). It demonstrates the major role of the laser scanning heat in the oxidation of the surrounding powder during the parts manufacturing. A second study evaluates the ability of two strategies to reduce the number of generated spatters with Ti6Al4V powders. The first strategy consisted in reducing the scanned surface, and the second strategy increased the dwell time between two successive layers. Reducing the scanned surface seems to reduce significantly the number of spatters, but further quantitative studies are needed. Interesting behaviours regarding spatters landing were observed and discussed.
Journal Article
Deswelling and deformation of microgels in concentrated packings
Increasing the particle density of a suspension of microgel colloids above the point of random-close packing, must involve deformations of the particle to accommodate the increase in volume fraction. By contrast to the isotropic osmotic deswelling of soft particles, the particle-particle contacts give rise to a non-homogeneous pressure, raising the question if these deformations occur through homogeneous deswelling or by the formation of facets. Here we aim to answer this question through a combination of imaging of individual microgels in dense packings and a simple model to describe the balance between shape versus volume changes. We find a transition from shape changes at low pressures to volume changes at high pressures, which can be explained qualitatively with our model. Whereas contact mechanics govern at low pressures giving rise to facets, osmotic effects govern at higher pressures, which leads to a more homogeneous deswelling. Our results show that both types of deformation play a large role in highly concentrated microgel suspensions and thus must be taken into account to arrive at an accurate description of the structure, dynamics and mechanics of concentrated suspensions of soft spheres.
Journal Article