Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
247,915
result(s) for
"Production costs"
Sort by:
Cost analysis of electronic systems
This text provides an introduction to the cost modeling for electronic systems that is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electrical, mechanical and industrial engineering, and professionals involved with electronics technology and development and management.
Book
Information Sharing in a Supply Chain with a Common Retailer
We study the problem of information sharing in a supply chain with two competing manufacturers selling substitutable products through a common retailer. Our analysis shows that the retailer's incentive to share information strongly depends on nonlinear production cost, competition intensity, and whether the retailer can offer a contract to charge a payment for the information. Without information contracting, the retailer has an incentive to share information for free when production economy is large but has no incentive to do so when there is production diseconomy. With information contracting, the retailer has an incentive to share information when either production diseconomy/economy is large or competition is intense. We characterize the conditions under which the retailer shares information with none, one, or both of the manufacturers. We also show that the retailer prefers to sell information sequentially rather than concurrently to the manufacturers, whereas the manufacturers' preferences are reversed.
Journal Article
Demand driven performance : using smart metrics
\"Learn how to implement demand driven metrics for vast improvement in measuring performance.Demand Driven Performance details why the outdated forms of measurement are inappropriate for current circumstances and reveals an elegant set of global and local metrics to fit today's demand driven world. The book shows how to minimize the organizational and supply chain conflicts that impede flow, and eventually, corporate success.Metrics are used to create a benchmark for measuring improvement and to identify and focus on those improvements that are most needed, and that have the highest ROI. However, the world has fundamentally changed in terms of delivering value and driving strong financial performance and growth. The continued use of outdated metrics is driving companies in the wrong direction giving them false signals, putting their personnel into conflict at all levels of the organization, and also wreaking havoc in the supply chain. This book offers solutions to remedy these issues. Defines a new demand driven approach for measuring total organizational performance and the corresponding local metrics that integrate with those measures Advocates a systems approach to measuring improvement, and shows how conventional metrics are no longer appropriate Focuses on reliability, stability, speed/velocity, strategic contribution, local operating expense, and local improvement waste A case study demonstrates the processes in the book and provides you with the technology and tools needed to achieve a demand driven system \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Demand Uncertainty and Cost Behavior
We investigate analytically and empirically the relationship between demand uncertainty and cost behavior. We argue that with more uncertain demand, unusually high realizations of demand become more likely. Accordingly, firms will choose a higher capacity of fixed inputs when uncertainty increases in order to reduce congestion costs. Higher capacity levels imply a more rigid short-run cost structure with higher fixed and lower variable costs. We formalize this \"counterintuitive\" argument in a simple analytical model of capacity choice. Following this logic, we hypothesize that firms facing higher demand uncertainty have a more rigid short-run cost structure with higher fixed and lower variable costs. We test this hypothesis for the manufacturing sector using data from Compustat and the NBER-CES Industry Database. Evidence strongly supports our hypothesis for multiple cost categories in both datasets. The results are robust to alternative specifications.
Journal Article
Prices, Plant Size, and Product Quality
Drawing on uncommonly rich and representative data from the Colombian manufacturing census, this paper documents new empirical relationships between input prices, output prices, and plant size and proposes a model of endogenous input and output quality choices by heterogeneous firms to explain the observed patterns. The key empirical facts are that, on average within narrowly defined sectors, (1) larger plants charge more for their outputs and (2) larger plants pay more for their material inputs. The latter fact generalizes the well-known positive correlation between plant size and wages. Similar correlations hold between prices and export status. We show that the empirical patterns are consistent with a parsimonious extension of the Melitz (2003, \"The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity,\" Econometrica, 71, 1695-1725) framework to include endogenous choice of input and output quality. Using a measure of the scope for quality differentiation from Sutton (1998, Technology and Market Structure: Theory and History. Cambridge: MIT Press), we show that differences across sectors in the relationships between prices and plant size are consistent with our model. Available evidence suggests that differences in observable measures of market power do not provide a complete explanation for the empirical patterns. We interpret the results as supportive of the hypothesis that quality differences of both inputs and outputs play an important role in generating the price-plant size correlations.
Journal Article
Counterfeiters in Online Marketplaces: Stealing Your Sales or Sharing Your Costs
[Display omitted]
•The platform’s combating effort has a non-monotonic effect on sellers’ profits.•Optimal combating effort level depends on the authentic firm’s production cost.•The authentic firm can be better off with a higher production cost.
In recent years, criticism of online marketplaces has been incessant because of the widespread presence of counterfeit goods. This study develops an analytical framework to investigate the interactions among an online marketplace, an authentic brand seller, and a counterfeiter of the brand. Both sellers exert efforts to attract sales for the brand, and the online platform determines its effort level in combating counterfeiters. Our analysis reveals several interesting insights. First, our analysis shows that the platform’s combating effort has a non-monotonic impact on both sellers’ profits. Second, the platform’s optimal combating effort level relies on the production cost of the authentic firm. The platform finds it optimal to exert maximum possible effort to combat counterfeiters when the unit cost of the authentic product is very low, and not to combat when the unit cost is very high. Third, interestingly, the authentic seller can be better off with a higher production cost due to the strategic reaction of the platform whose revenue derives from both types of sellers. The intuition and managerial implications of these insights are discussed.
Journal Article
Trading Away Wide Brands for Cheap Brands
Firms face competing needs to expand product variety and reduce production costs. Access to larger markets enables innovation to reduce costs. Although firm scale increases, foreign competition reduces markups. Firms' ability to recapture lost markups depends on the interplay between within-firm competition and across-firm competition. Narrowing product variety eases within-firm competition but lowers market share. I provide a theory detailing the impact of trade policy on product and process innovation. Unbundling innovation provides new insights into welfare gains and innovation policy. Product innovation increases welfare beyond standard gains from trade. The relative returns to innovation policy change with trade liberalization. (JEL D24, F13, O31)
Journal Article
Does Environmental Regulation Shape Entrepreneurship?
This study investigates the causal effect of environmental regulation on entrepreneurship. By using China’s Two Control Zones policy in 1998 as an exogenous shock and a novel dataset about firm creation, our difference-in-differences-in-differences estimation shows that environmental regulation significantly deters entrepreneurship in pollution-intensive industries. Our results are robust to a series of endogeneity and robustness tests. A plausible mechanism is that the stringent regulation increases firm’s production costs, thus reducing expected profits and crowding out entrepreneurship. Moreover, we find that environmental regulation has a sizable and statistically significant effect only on entrepreneurship in areas with low corruption, high institutional quality, as entrepreneurs can hardly evade regulations through rent-seeking activities or other means.
Journal Article
Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity of U.S. Dairies
In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress—incuding modifications to animal management or housing—tend to increase production costs. We use operation-level economic data coupled with finely-scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change-induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat-stress-related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states.
Journal Article
To risk or not to risk? Risk management and farm productivity
The impact of risk management on farm productivity is still being debated. Using survey data from French and Hungarian farms, we estimate the impacts of different risk management strategies and portfolios under varying levels of risk on total factor productivity. Results from a multinomial endogenous switching regression model show that the impacts can be positive or negative, depending on the risk management strategies adopted, the structure of the farming system, and the probability of risks. The choice of risk management strategies influences the farm’s production costs and the allocation of resources. More complex risk management portfolios tend to have larger negative productivity impacts due to higher costs and the larger amount of resources subtracted from the production activity. Our results have important implications for risk management policies.
Publication