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A history of the international movement of journalists : professionalism versus politics
\"A History of the International Movement of Journalists reviews how journalism evolved as a profession since the late nineteenth century and how journalists became internationally organized over the past one hundred and twenty years. The story begins in Antwerp in 1894, when the International Union of Press Associations was founded to link 'press people' of different European countries, continuing in Paris and Geneva in 1926 with the first international association of professional journalists, the Fâedâeration Internationale des Journalistes, leading after World War II to the establishment of a worldwide association, the International Organization of Journalists in Copenhagen in 1946, only to be torn apart by the Cold War, which in 1952 gave rise to the International Federation of Journalists. Each of these associations had difficulties in navigating between professionalism and the politics of their time. This vital part of media history has never before been presented in full\"--From publisher's website.
Book
Penalty kick or not? Differences in the interpretation of handball incidents in professional association football
Handball decisions in the penalty area remain one of the most controversial topics in professional association football, yet they are underexplored in sports science. The purpose of this research was to establish a foundation for understanding the controversy by examining its underlying causes. Two video-based studies quantified how key stakeholders interpret handball incidents and how closely these interpretations align with Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) guidelines. Study 1 involved referees active in German men’s professional football ( n = 154) who judged 30 incidents. Study 2 repeated the procedure with professional coaches ( n = 31) and players ( n = 46) using 18 incidents. Outcomes were Accuracy (accordance with UEFA), Strictness (percentage of incidents deemed punishable), Consensus (within- and between-group agreement), and Reasoning (primary reason for a decision). Referees reached 84.0% Accuracy, which differed by role, performance level, and handball category. Strictness among referees was lower compared to UEFA (42.9% vs. 50%). Coaches and players demonstrated lower Accuracy (63.8% and 67.5%) and Strictness (36.0% and 33.9%) than referees, resulting in significant differences in Consensus across Stakeholder Groups in 11 out of 18 incidents. Reasoning also diverged as referees preferred Naturalness, whereas coaches and players emphasised Avoidability and Impact. These findings reveal systematic differences between governing body guidelines, referee decision-making, and practitioner expectations. The results can inform educational measures and discussions on potential revisions to the handball law. Clearer and more objective criteria, jointly agreed by key stakeholders, are required to improve the consistency and acceptance of handball decisions.
Journal Article
Transforming professional associations: An identity perspective
Working from the lens of professional identity, the article explores transformation in higher education by considering the vital role of professional associations, specifically the Society for Industrial and Organisational Psychology (SIOPSA). We contend that, due to the historical and spatial dynamics of apartheid and its legacies, many professional fields in South Africa have been shaped and maintained as predominantly White spaces. For this reason, professional associations, such as SIOPSA, struggle to transform. Adopting an interpretive approach, we employ a documentary case study to examine the challenges Black industrial and organisational psychologists (BIOPs) face in developing their professional identities. While we set the context from 2009, our article focuses on interventions between 2020 and 2024. We suggest three primary identity-related factors that hinder professional identity development: embodied practices, material and institutional arrangements, and group relations and capital. Thereafter, we consider interventions that have been developed to address these challenges, highlighting their relationship with each of the identity-related contributing factors. We argue that meaningful transformation in the professions requires reimagining Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives through the lens of identity and power – acknowledging diverse presences, dismantling structural barriers, and fostering psychologically and relationally safe spaces. Contribution: This article is outlining interventions to ensure comprehensive transformation in professional spaces.
Journal Article