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In response to policy initiatives calling for the implementation of evidence-based classroom practice, instructional coaches are frequently utilized as providers of professional development (PD). Despite the demand for instructional coaches, there is little empirical evidence that coaching improves teacher practice. We address this limitation by conceptualizing instructional coaching within a research-based framework for PD consisting of 5 key features synthesized from cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, and literature reviews of experimental and quasi-experimental studies: content focus, active learning, sustained duration, coherence, and collective participation. When examining understanding instructional coaching through the lens of the 5 empirically predictive elements of effective PD, the model presents itself as a powerful tool for improving teacher knowledge, skills, and practice. It is imperative that future researchers define the next set of questions to further refine the understanding of coaching and how it can and should be executed to leverage professional learning.

Increased dissemination of the CDC’s Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is imperative to reduce type 2 diabetes. Due to its nationwide reach and mission to improve health, Cooperative Extension (Extension) is poised to be a sustainable DPP delivery system. However, research evaluating DPP implementation in Extension remains scant. Extension professionals delivered the DPP in a single-arm hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation study. Semi-structured interviews with Extension professionals were conducted at three time points. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided interview coding and analysis. Constructs were rated for magnitude and valence and evaluated as facilitators or barriers of RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) outcomes. The program reached 119 participants, was adopted by 92% ( n  = 12/13) of trained Extension professionals and was implemented according to CDC standards: all programs exceeded the minimum 22-session requirement (26 ± 2 sessions). The program was effective in achieving weight loss (5.0 ± 5.2%) and physical activity (179 ± 122 min/week) goals. At post-intervention, eight professionals (67%) had begun or planned to maintain the intervention within the next 6 months. Several facilitators were identified, including Extension leadership structure, organizational compatibility, and technical assistance calls. Limited time to recruit participants was the primary barrier. Positive RE-AIM outcomes, facilitated by contextual factors, indicate Extension is an effective and sustainable DPP delivery system. Extension and other DPP implementers should plan strategies that promote communication, the program’s evidence-base, recruitment time, and resource access. Researchers should explore DPP implementation in real-world settings to determine overall and setting-specific best practices, promote intervention uptake, and reduce diabetes.

Purpose: High-variability phonetic training (HVPT) has been found to be effective on adult second language (L2) learning, but results are mixed in regards to the benefit of multiple talkers over single talker. This study provides a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the talker variability effect in nonnative phonetic learning and the factors moderating the effect. Method: We collected studies with keyword search in major academic databases including EBSCO, ERIC, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Elsevier, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science. We identified potential participant-, training-, and study-related moderators and conducted a random-effects model meta-analysis for each individual variable. Results: On the basis of 18 studies with a total of 549 participants, we obtained a small-level summary effect size (Hedges' g = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.08, 0.84]) for the immediate training outcomes, which was greatly reduced (g = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.46, 0.37]) after removal of outliers and correction for publication bias, whereas the effect size for immediate perceptual gains was nearly medium (g = 0.56, 95% CI [0.13, 1.00]) compared with the nonsignificant production gains. Critically, the summary effect sizes for generalizations to new talkers (g = 0.72, 95% CI [0.15, 1.29]) and for long-term retention (g = 1.09, 95% CI [0.39, 1.78]) were large. Moreover, the training program length and the talker presentation format were found to potentially moderate the immediate perceptual gains and generalization outcomes. Conclusions: Our study presents the first meta-analysis on the role of talker variability in nonnative phonetic training, which demonstrates the heterogeneity and limitations of research on this topic. The results highlight the need for further investigation of the influential factors and underlying mechanisms for the presence or absence of talker variability effects.

This meta-analysis examined the influence of attributes related to the implementation of learning strategy instruction interventions on students' academic performance, and also examined how the attributes related to the method of testing the intervention effects affected the actual effects measured. Using metaregression, we analyzed the influence of the subject domain in which the intervention was implemented, the implementer, its duration and intensity, student cooperation, and research method aspects (including measurement instrument). Most attributes moderated the intervention effect. Using forward regression analysis, we only needed four attributes to obtain the best model, however, This analysis showed that the intervention effect was lower when a standardized test was used for evaluation instead of an unstandardized test. Interventions implemented by assistants or researchers were more effective than those implemented by teachers or using computers. Cooperation had a negative, and session duration a positive, contribution. Together, these attributes explained 63.2% of the variance in effect, which stresses the importance of emphasizing not only the instructional focus of an intervention but also its other attributes.

How does a policy of free tuition affect student applications to universities? This article assesses how free tuition influences applications in terms of the selectivity of the university, length of the degree program, cost of the program, and application to a program in the STEM field. The study based on a quasi-experimental design was carried out in Chile using OLS, regression adjustment and matching analysis, and governmental data. Participants in the study were 384,830 applicants from three cohorts of high school graduates who applied to 30 selective universities. Two groups of applicants were compared: those who applied in 2015, before the introduction of free tuition; and those who applied in 2016 and 2017, when free tuition was introduced. The comparison was made considering the group with the lowest family income. Except for cost, the results show that the offer of free tuition had a small impact on the choices of applicants. With free tuition, a few more students applied to higher cost programs. The response may be explained in part by the fact that free education replaced the financing mechanism based on scholarships and loans, which covered a large part of the costs of the degree programs. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).

Education is considered to be the most effective tool that people can use to lift themselves out of poor socioeconomic backgrounds and lead to professional success, which in turn improves society. Since an education system often supports individuals with a higher socioeconomic status (SES), it may not resolve the issue of socioeconomic background impacting on career outcomes. Given the nature of the research questions, an individualistic approach is used for selecting tools. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, we argue that graduates studying an 8-year engineering program fail to succeed compared to counterparts who studied a 4-year engineering program. Findings suggest that engineering graduates’ socioeconomic backgrounds help them with their career advancement. A policy intervention may help to address the influence of SES on engineering education and professional employment.

Nationally, school-based mental health (SBMH) is seen as an avenue to increase access to children's mental health services and promote mental health awareness. The current article describes the implementation of a statewide SBMH program focusing on partnerships between community-based providers and local school systems, with providers embedded within schools to address needs of children with mental health concerns and promote mental health awareness. A quasi-experimental study with 718 public schools using propensity score matching and analysis of covariance compared schools involved in the program (n = 359) with those not involved (n = 359) on the outcome of school climate. Key findings include a positive impact of the program on school climate, F(1, 712) = 17.90, B = 0.30, p < .01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.16, 0.44], η p 2 = .03, including a greater decrease in discipline incidents over time, F(1, 709) = 9.35, B = 3.12, p < .01, 95% CI [1.12, 5.12], η p 2 = .01, after controlling for potential confounders (e.g., baseline school climate, percentage receiving free/reduced price lunch, school type, rural status). The study suggests that cross-sector, integrated SBMH programs connecting children, families, schools, and communities can contribute to healthy, enriching environments where children can grow and learn.

BackgroundState afterschool networks across the US are engaged in system-building efforts to improve the quality of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM)-focused afterschool programming. This study examined national trends in STEM program quality, youth outcomes, and the connections between these two data sources.MethodsOne thousand five hundred ninety-nine youths (grades 4–12) enrolled in 158 STEM-focused afterschool programs across 11 state networks completed a retrospective self-assessment measuring STEM attitudes and social-emotional learning (SEL)/twenty-first-century skills. Two hundred fifty standardized observations of STEM activities were performed to measure STEM program quality.Results(1) Most youth (65–85%) reported increases in STEM engagement, identity, career interest, career knowledge, relationships, critical thinking, and perseverance, with the largest gains reported by those engaging with STEM activities for 4 weeks or more; (2) there were significant, strong correlations between STEM and SEL/twenty-first-century outcomes reported by youth; and (3) youth participating in higher-quality STEM programming reported more growth than peers participating in lower-quality programs.ConclusionThis effort demonstrates how investments in STEM program quality yield high returns for programs and youth and how collaborations between research and practice can track successes and challenges, determine investments in program management, and expand advocacy and policy efforts. Additionally, this study supports a growing body of literature that suggests a synergy between youth development and STEM learning approaches that can improve outcomes for youth.

In line with the fiscal, structural, and academic shifts in higher education, a growing number of universities in English-speaking countries develop and deliver short-term study-abroad (STSA) programs that are shorter than a regular academic term, often under contract with sending universities and governments from non-English-speaking countries. Distinct from the well-established scholarship in SA largely focused on American and European university students going abroad to improve their foreign language skills (c.f., Kinginger, 2008; Mitchell, Tracy-Ventura, & McManus, 2017), there is an emerging area of inquiry in which Anglophone institutions of higher education host students and (para) professionals from non-English-speaking countries for academic and cultural enrichment, as well as for English language teaching. To address the nascent transnational trend, broadly related to ESL in higher education, this article provides an overview of the current state and prospects associated with STSA. After laying out the groundwork for SA, this article identifies the unique scope and potential area of inquiry related to STSA hosted by Anglophone institutions of higher education. The overview article then proposes a potential research agenda that encompasses sojourner identity, goals, and practices vis-a-vis institutional goals and practices at the intersection of SA and TESOL.

Background At Smilow Cancer Hospital, internal medicine-boarded oncology hospitalists assumed primary team attending responsibilities on an adult inpatient medical oncology academic service beginning in 2021. Medical oncology faculty transitioned from primary team attending to consulting physicians but remained engaged in daily morning teaching and twice-weekly formal afternoon didactics. The aim of this study was to compare the educational experiences of internal medicine residents before and after implementation of the oncology hospitalist program. Methods Yale School of Medicine internal medicine residents receive MedHub surveys following the inpatient oncology rotation. Surveys completed before July 2021 were compared to those after July 2022, when oncology hospitalists were fully integrated into both of the medical oncology teaching services. Surveys asked residents to: (1) score their rotation experience on a 5-point Likert scale (Poor = 1, Good = 2, Very Good = 3, Fair = 4, Excellent = 5) and (2) delineate major positives and negatives noted on their rotation using a free-text field. Answers were compared across timepoints using parametric tests. Results 118 participants completed the survey pre-implementation, and 84 completed the survey post-implementation. Residents completing the survey post-implementation reported greater general satisfaction ( p  = 0.005), greater balance between education and clinical demands ( p  = 0.019), improved resident education ( p  = 0.027), and greater hospitalist support ( p  < 0.001). There was greater operational challenges post-implementation ( p  = 0.003). Discussion Previously-published literature has reported oncology hospitalist programs to have good hospital outcomes, with satisfaction and acceptance by oncologists. This article adds to the literature, suggesting that residents also experience improved clinical experience and support as well as a greater balance between clinical and educational demands. Further work can build upon the hospitalist model and explore oncology-specific education and mentorship to supplement the existing educational experience.