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Abstract Background: As the modern business environment is highly volatile and demanding, orchestrating all business and IT components and capabilities is crucial. Firms use enterprise architecture (EA) for this purpose. However, it is currently by no means clear how EA-driven firm capabilities facilitate becoming agile. When firms are agile, they can recombine digital resources to change the business practice while coping with uncertainty and recovering rapidly from disruption through innovative digital technologies. Method: This study embraces the dynamic capability view, develops a model, and validates the associated hypotheses using cross-sectional data from 176 firms using a Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach. Results: The outcomes show that EA-driven dynamic capabilities are a crucial antecedent of digital project benefits. In turn, these benefits positively enhance agility. The study also embraces a complementary configuration perspective in unfolding various capability configurations that explain high levels of distinct digital project benefits. Conclusion: Hence, this study’s outcomes support the theorized model, and both the PLS and configurational outcomes shed light on how to become digitally agile in practice.

PurposeValue creation in engineering projects has received considerable research attention. However, buyers’ expectations regarding project value do not always translate into the actions of project team members (actors). Drawing upon resource orchestration theory to explore the micro-foundations of project value creation (PVC), we investigate how suppliers organize project team members to create project value that meets buyers’ expectations.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted two instructive engineering projects as comparative cases to analyze patterns in actor interactions in PVC.FindingsThe results reveal “social interaction-based value creation” and “structural interaction-based value creation,” which explain the PVC process from the collective-level buyer’s expectations and supplier’s value orientation, to individual-level actor interactions (mobilizing, connecting, and networking), knowledge orchestration activities (structuring, bundling, and leveraging), and finally the value creation process (identifying, configuring, and generating) in project teams to generate collective-level project benefits and values.Originality/valueWe propose a macro-approach to micro-foundations, with a focus on the buyer-expected PVC process on the supplier side. Furthermore, we explain how suppliers organize individual actions and orchestrate the individual knowledge through two patterns of individual-level actor interactions for collective-level PVC.

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in developing countries was initially envisioned to incentivize forest protection through payments for ecosystem services (PES). Nevertheless, our global understanding of REDD+ project benefits proposed by proponents to local communities is limited. To address this gap, we ask: globally, how do REDD+ projects propose to provide local community benefits? We use and update the international database on REDD+ projects (ID-RECCO) to analyze the REDD+ benefits proposed by 347 REDD+ projects in 55 countries. Logistic regression and chi-square tests explore relationships between the probability of a benefit type being proposed and the influencing factors. Our global-level analysis can serve as a useful benchmark for empirical case studies. Our findings show the diversity of benefits REDD+ projects propose. Most REDD+ projects (89%) proposed a mix of monetary and non-monetary benefits; employment was proposed in >¾ of the projects, while forest restrictions were proposed in 52% of REDD+ projects. Many projects proposed infrastructure (107) or services (181). Factors that influence the probability a benefit type being proposed by a project include carbon certification standards, de facto forest user types, and country. PES-style conditional payments are no longer emblematic of benefits from REDD+ projects to local communities. Instead, REDD+ projects typically propose employment, livelihood activities, tenure clarification, and public goods and services. Further empirical research is needed to understand how meaningful these benefits are to local people, and their contribution in producing effective and equitable project outcomes. National policy and legal frameworks on benefit sharing, more explicit standards on benefit sharing among carbon standards, and better risk management related to community expectations from REDD+ projects are important avenues to ensure REDD+ benefits are aligned with the needs and realities of local communities.

PurposeAlthough the literature is clear on what comprises effective project stakeholder management, communication between key stakeholders and project managers is often ineffective. Research is silent on stakeholders' insufficient knowledge of project management terminology, which is a barrier for such effective communication. This paper aims to identify the project management concepts that key stakeholders should understand to improve effective communication.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a three-step research design. In the first step, based on threshold concept theory, the authors identify the key project management concepts through interviews with 20 project management practitioners, trainers and trainees. In the second step, the authors confirm the findings from the first step and identify effective approaches to enhance project stakeholders' communication through seven additional interviews with project stakeholders. In the third step, the authors construct a functional model of the research findings by employing a system-level modeling tool.FindingsThis research identifies five project management threshold concepts (TC) that are challenging for project stakeholders to understand (1) project benefits, (2) the iron triangle, (3) the critical path, (4) uncertainty and (5) project leadership. Following these knowledge barriers, the paper proposes unique approaches to develop effective project stakeholder communication.Originality/valueThis paper advances project stakeholder management research by identifying knowledge barriers and providing project managers with more effective approaches to better engage with their stakeholders.

River treatment projects yield significant flood control benefits, which mainly depend on the scale and frequency of floods. However, existing calculation methods for the flood control benefits of river treatment projects fail to comprehensively consider the uncertainty of flood peak and flood frequency. We proposed a quantitative method for calculating the flood control benefits of river treatment projects that takes these two uncertainties into full account. First, we simulated floods with different return periods before the construction of project and calculated the economic losses. The reduction in economic losses after the project treatment was regarded as the flood control benefits, and thus, the peak discharge-flood control benefits curve of the project was obtained. Subsequently, the flood peak sequence was generated randomly through Monte Carlo simulation. This sequence was then substituted into the peak discharge-flood control benefits curve to calculate the average single flood control benefits of the project. The average annual flood frequency was calculated based on the frequency analysis of peak-over-threshold (POT) floods. Based on the average single flood control benefits and the average annual flood frequency, a method for calculating the flood control benefits of river treatment projects was proposed. Taking the Shuangji River treatment project as an example, the average flood control benefits of a single flood were calculated to be 157 million RMB, and the average annual flood control benefits of the project were 424 million RMB. This method considers the uncertainty of flood peak and flood frequency, making it more in line with the actual situation. It can also serve as a reference for the evaluation of flood control benefits of other water conservancy projects.

Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) has long been recognized as a useful decision-support tool in environmental management, including its potential application within Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). In Malaysia, EIA guidelines since 1987 have referred to CBA as a possible approach to balance environmental, social and economic considerations. However, its actual use in EIA practice remains limited and inconsistent, raising questions about its perceived relevance, methodological application and influence on decision-making. This study examines the treatment of CBA in Malaysian EIA reports through a qualitative content analysis of 30 available published EIA reports from various sectors. The analysis focuses on three key indicators, which are the detail level of CBA, the presence and clarity of stated methodologies and the monetization of impacts. The results reveal that a significant number of reports make only qualitative references to project benefits without quantified economic evaluation, while others mention CBA-related concepts in general terms but lack methodological rigor. Only a few reports attempt to monetize costs and benefits and even then, the approaches are often incomplete or not clearly justified. The findings highlight a gap between the theoretical value of CBA in supporting transparent, evidence-based EIA decisions and its practical application in Malaysia. This gap may be linked to cost to conduct the economic valuation study, limited technical capacity, low impact on project approval decisions and the absence of detailed guidelines for conducting CBA within the EIA framework. Recommendations include strengthening policy guidance, building practitioner capacity and integrating economic valuation more systematically into EIA processes to improve the transparency, accountability and overall quality of environmental decision-making.

Myanmar adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Package for Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions (PEN) in 20 pilot townships in 2017. This study was conducted to assess the implementation of PEN, its effectiveness and understand the facilitators and barriers in its implementation. Mixed methods design involving a quantitative component (retrospective study analysing both aggregate and individual patient data from PEN project records; cross-sectional facility survey using a structured checklist) and a descriptive qualitative component. A total of 152,446 individuals were screened between May 2017-December 2018 comprising of current smokers (17.5%), tobacco chewers (26.3%), Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 (30.6%), raised blood pressure i.e. ≥ 140/90 mmHg (35.2%) and raised blood sugar i.e. Random Blood Sugar >200 mg/dl, Fasting Blood Sugar >126 mg/dl (17.1%). Nearly 14.8% of those screened had Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk score ≥20%, 34.6% had CVD risk not recorded. Of 663 patients registered with diabetes and/or hypertension in 05 townships, 27 (4.1%) patients made three follow-up visits after the baseline visit, of whom, CVD risk assessment, systolic blood pressure and blood sugar measurement was done in all visits in 89.0%, 100.0% and 78.0% of cases respectively. Health facility assessment showed 64% of the sanctioned posts were filled; 90% of those appointed been trained in PEN; key essential medicines for PEN were available in half of the facilities surveyed. Confidence of the health care staff in managing common NCD and perceived benefits of the project were some of the strengths. High loss to follow up, poor recording of CVD risk score, lack of essential medicines and equipments were the key challenges identified that need to be addressed before further expansion of PEN project to other townships.

Non-motorized transport (NMT) is the use of a bicycle or walking to travel from one place to another. It is gaining popularity especially in the developed countries due to low transport externalities such as emissions and traffic congestion alongside its benefits to physical and mental health. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the existing literature related to NMT is presented focusing on the factors including built environment, geography, and weather, the health, and environmental benefits of NMT, and the motivational approach for increasing the use of NMT. The built environment, geography and weather, and socioeconomic factors significantly affect the use of NMT as a travel mode. This study reviewed some unique characteristics of NMT especially in developing countries to provide a clear understanding of the dynamics of NMT. Despite existence of vast research on NMT, a comprehensive literature review to evaluate different aspects of NMT seems essential to address the future challenges with significant automobile ownership increase in the developing nations and the associated externalities. The developing nations have to understand the factors of NMT with reference to their socio-economic conditions and perform quantitative analyses to estimate and project benefits of NMT including health benefits. The policy makers in the developing countries should consider the NMT as one element of the solution matrix to address the challenges of road transport. Graphic Abstract

Knowledge co-production enabled via decolonised research approaches can support indigenous leaders to respond to the challenges and opportunities that result from their natural and cultural resource management obligations and strategies. For knowledge co-production to be realised, such research interactions must provide space for Indigenous peoples to position themselves as research leaders, driving agendas and co-designing research approaches, activities, and outputs. This paper examines the role that positionality played in supporting an Indigenous-led research partnership, or knowledge-action system, that developed between indigenous, industry, and research project partners seeking to support development of the Indigenous-led bush products sector in northern Australia. Our chosen conceptualisation of positionality informs sustainability science as a way for scientists, practitioners, and research partners to consider the power that each project member brings to a project, and to make explicit the unique positioning of project members in how they influence project processes and the development of usable knowledge. We locate the research in northern Australia and then articulate how selected research methodologies supported the partnership that resulted in knowledge co-production. We then extend the literature on decolonising methodologies and positionality by illuminating how the positionality of each research partner, and the partnership itself, influenced the research and knowledge co-production processes. In culmination, we reveal how an interrogation of post-project benefits and legacies (e.g., usable knowledge) can enable a fuller understanding of the lasting success of the project and partnership, illustrated with examples of benefits derived by project partners since the project ended.