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The main promissory note source is the Promissory Note Law no 1527 -XII from 22.06.1993, applied on the 1st of July 1993. The Promissory Note law from the Republic of Moldova comprises five titles and 77 articles. The foundation of the Promissory Note Law from the Republic of Moldova is based on the Genevese promissory note system and its stipulations derive from the Geneva Convention from 1930 regarding \"The Uniform Law on Promissory Notes \".

This article charts the promissory notes and concerns related to college-level online education as reflected in the educational literature. It is argued that, to appreciate the potential and limitations of online education, we need to trace the issues that bind online education with distance education. The article reviews the history of distance education through the lenses of three historical themes-democratization, liberal education, and educational quality-and charts the current scene of online education in terms of three educational visions that may inform the development of online initiatives: the presentational view, the performance-tutoring view, and the epistemic-engagement view. The article emphasizes the potential contributions of online education to democratization and the advancement of the scholarship of teaching.

Cet article veut montrer, dans le sillage du livre de Francesca Trivellato, combien la légende de l’invention juive de la lettre de change a joué un rôle déterminant dans l’élaboration des conceptions qui se sont imposées au cours du xviiie comme du xixe siècle sur l’histoire des Juifs en général et sur les caractères de leur activité économique en particulier. Au xviiie siècle, Montesquieu célébra la sophistication des instruments de l’économie, capable de faire obstacle aux initiatives arbitraires des gouvernements et de garantir ainsi les libertés ; les générations suivantes des penseurs des Lumières entreprirent de déthéologiser l’histoire juive en expliquant la pérennité des Juifs dispersés au cours des siècles par leur fonction commerciale. Au xixe siècle, les inquiétudes ou les espoirs engendrés par la promotion de l’industrie et de la banque comme la sensibilité nouvelle à l’égard du Moyen Âge engagèrent à remettre sur le métier le problème des circonstances de l’apparition du « commerce » et du rôle des Juifs dans son surgissement.

Cet article répond aux remarques formulées par Jean-François Chauvard, Luisa Brunori et Jean-Louis Halpérin, Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur ainsi que Maurice Kriegel sur mon livre The Promise and Peril of Credit, traduit en français sous le titre Juifs et capitalisme. Le livre examine les significations culturelles attachées à la diffusion des instruments de crédit de la finance privée à partir du xviie siècle. Il s’intéresse tout particulièrement à décrire les multiples associations avec les Juifs et l’usure suscitées par ces instruments. Ma réponse s’appuie sur une installation conçue par l’artiste suisse Christoph Büchel, Monte di pietà, présentée à la Fondation Prada au même moment que la 60e Biennale d’Art de Venise en 2024 – une installation qui privilégie les associations libres à une contextualisation analytique ou historique. Par ses allusions ambiguës aux Juifs et à l’État d’Israël en lien avec son thème principal – le rôle de l’endettement dans la guerre et dans la dégradation et l’exploitation humaine –, l’installation renvoie à une question centrale de mon livre, à savoir la persistance et la malléabilité des stéréotypes. Je saisis donc cette occasion pour passer en revue les points saillants de ma recherche sur cette question épineuse et pour parler des formes de contextualisation complémentaires développées par les contributeurs de ce forum.

On 11 September the Royal Court handed down its judgment in Crociani & O’rs v Crociani & O’rs [2017] JRC146 in favour of the Plaintiffs. Eason Rajah and Anthony Robinson discuss the judgment.

I use data from the Bank of Canada’s Bank Note Distribution System and exploit a natural experiment offered by the timing of Easter in the Gregorian calendar to analyse the effects of demographic change for bank note demand by financial institutions from the Bank of Canada. I find that the main drivers of low-denomination bank note demand are merchants. Merchants and the youngest age group, aged 15–24, are also a significant source of demand for twenty-dollar bank notes and for the total dollar value of withdrawals. In contrast, increases in the demographic age groups 25–54 and 55 plus tend to lower bank note withdrawals. Finally, I find no evidence that employment status is related to bank note demand, but that there is a difference between the bank note demand of men aged 15–24 and women aged 15–24: increases in the share of women aged 15–24 lead to increases in bank note demand.

This article examines representations of credit instruments in two popular antebellum fictions: Asa Greene's The Perils of Pearl Street and Charles Frederick Briggs's The Adventures of Harry Franco. Drawing on a range of business histories it describes the operation of promissory notes and bills of exchange in the cotton-for-credit system, focussing on the “principle of deferral” and the ways in which these instruments attempted to solve the problem of time in long-distance exchange. By establishing concrete connections between characters, times, and places, these fictions demystify the antebellum financial system, revealing an economy based on new forms of social interdependence.

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the assignment of claim established by a nominative title, promissory note or bearer bond from the perspective of the regulation offered by the current Civil Code, with reference to the special laws that establish the legal status of these titles, including the conditions of their transmission. Thus, the analysis of the general provisions contained in the Civil Code had in view the opinions expressed in the specialised doctrine, both the one prior to the entry into force of the current Civil Code and the latest doctrine, as well as the provisions included in the special laws applicable in the matter.

In this article are approached the aspects regarding the effects of accepting and the reversal of the promissory note in Moldavia and in Romania. Through the acceptance of the promissory note the drawee becomes the main debtor and as such to him the promissory note must be presented. After the acceptance the drawee becomes promissory debtor. He is direct, main and solitary bound. Towards the possessor of the title the one that accepts becomes responsible alongside the other promissory signers. The acceptance of the promissory note has as a consequence the appearance of some obligations for the accepting drawee regarding the possessor of the promissory note as well as towards the drawer. Also the law recognizes the drawee's right to reverse the acceptance of the promissory note.