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result(s) for
"Proportion"
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To scale
\"This innovative new collection provides a comparative survey of issues of scale in a variety of artistic forms, from Islamic architecture to modern photography\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vertical and Horizontal Proportions of the Face and their Correlation to Phi in a South Indian Population
Background:
With the shift in focus from the hard to soft tissue in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, the scope of orthodontic treatment has grown beyond achieving an ideal occlusion, also to achieve ideal aesthetic facial proportions. Since time immemorial, the various horizontal and vertical proportions of an ideal face is considered to follow the golden/divine ratio.
Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their relation of phi in males and females of Dakshina Kannada population.
Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. Photographs were taken under standardized condition and adjusted to a standardized image size (5″ × 4″). Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 software was used for making all the measurements. A total of 11 vertical and horizontal ratios were independently measured for males and females, and their relation to phi was assessed. The data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test for testing the normality. Homogeneity of variance assumption was tested by using Levene statistic homogeneity of variance. One sample t test was used for the comparison between phi and mean vertical and horizontal ratios in males and females.
Results:
In males and females of the Dakshina Kannada, a statistically significant correlation was seen between all the horizontal and vertical facial proportions and phi (p < 0.05). Between male and female groups, a significant difference was noted in the intertemporal/intercanthal ratio, interalae/nose width and Intereye-soft menton/ala-soft menton (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Golden proportion can be used as a guideline in orthodontic treatment planning. However, it should not be the decisive factor in determining the facial attractiveness.
Journal Article
Pythagoras and the ratios
An ancient Greek boy, Pythagoras, helps his cousins produce pleasant music when he adjusts the mathematical ratios between the part of their pipes and lyres, knowledge he would later use to become a famous philosopher.
Book
Architecture and Narrative
Architecture is often seen as the art of a thinking mind that arranges, organizes and establishes relationships between the parts and the whole. It is also seen as the art of designing spaces, which we experience through movement and use. Conceptual ordering, spatial and social narrative are fundamental to the ways in which buildings are shaped, used and perceived. Examining and exploring the ways in which these three dimensions interact in the design and life of buildings, this intriguing book will be of use to anyone with an interest in the theory of architecture and architecture's relationship to the cultural human environment.
eBook
What are the chances? : probability, statistics, ratios, and proportions
\"Introduces the reader to probability, statistics, ratios and proportions.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
SDNet: A Versatile Squeeze-and-Decomposition Network for Real-Time Image Fusion
In this paper, a squeeze-and-decomposition network (SDNet) is proposed to realize multi-modal and digital photography image fusion in real time. Firstly, we generally transform multiple fusion problems into the extraction and reconstruction of gradient and intensity information, and design a universal form of loss function accordingly, which is composed of intensity term and gradient term. For the gradient term, we introduce an adaptive decision block to decide the optimization target of the gradient distribution according to the texture richness at the pixel scale, so as to guide the fused image to contain richer texture details. For the intensity term, we adjust the weight of each intensity loss term to change the proportion of intensity information from different images, so that it can be adapted to multiple image fusion tasks. Secondly, we introduce the idea of squeeze and decomposition into image fusion. Specifically, we consider not only the squeeze process from source images to the fused result, but also the decomposition process from the fused result to source images. Because the quality of decomposed images directly depends on the fused result, it can force the fused result to contain more scene details. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-arts in terms of subjective visual effect and quantitative metrics in a variety of fusion tasks. Moreover, our method is much faster than the state-of-the-arts, which can deal with real-time fusion tasks.
Journal Article
Universal principles of architecture : 100 architectural archetypes, methods, conditions, relationships, and imaginaries
Universal Principles of Architecture illustrates in 100 concepts the importance, possibilities, challenges, and roles that architecture plays in shaping the world. This radical and perhaps surprising survey is divided into five sections: Archetypes, Methods, Conditions, Relationships, and Imaginaries. And, each of the five sections in the book introduces in 20 principles architecture at different scales and stages of the design process. Through an inclusive and holistic approach, the book refers to initial design ideas, creative design approaches, reflections on the effects of the built and destroyed environments, and architectural desires and aspirations to transform the world and engage with the cosmos. Because architecture is the converging point where many fields of knowledge, ideas, forms, approaches, methods, sensibilities, and materials meet, the book provides a flexible and dynamic space where the material, conceptual, and social take shape.
Book
Smile aesthetics in Pakistani population: dentist preferences and perceptions of anterior teeth proportion and harmony
Background
This study aimed to evaluate dentist perceptions of attractive smiles in the Pakistani population, considering different dental proportions.
Methods
Maxillary casts and digital images were used to create symmetrical representations of anterior teeth. dentists’ preferences for good and bad teeth proportions, width/height ratios, and various dental proportions (golden, recurring esthetic dental (RED), golden percentage, Preston, and local/observed) were assessed using one sample and paired t-test. The Chi-square test was used to determine the gender disparities and factors affecting smile attractiveness. A
p
-value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results
The RED proportion emerged as the preferred choice for normal-sized teeth, with specialists and general dentists favoring it over the golden proportion. For tall teeth, the golden proportion was predominantly preferred. The golden percentage received limited preference for aesthetic smile construction.
Conclusions
The smiles created using the principles of RED proportion were opted as the most attractive by local dentists. Factors such as tooth arrangement, color, and midline were highlighted as essential considerations in aesthetic smile construction.
Journal Article
Proportion : science, philosophy, architecture
This handbook provides the student, practising architect or interested layman with an illustrated and comparative guide to proportion systems in architecture, setting out the mathematical principles that underly the main systems.
Book
Dissociating proactive and reactive control in the Stroop task
The Dual Mechanisms of Control framework posits the existence of two distinct control mechanisms, proactive and reactive, which may operate independently. However, this independence has been difficult to study with most experimental paradigms. The Stroop task may provide a useful way of assessing the independence of control mechanisms because the task elicits two types of proportion congruency effects, list-wide and item-specific, thought to reflect proactive and reactive control respectively. The present research tested whether these two proportion congruency effects can be used to dissociate proactive and reactive control. In 2 separate participant samples, we demonstrate that list-wide and item-specific proportion congruency effects are stable, exist in the same participants, and appear in different task conditions. Moreover, we identify two distinct behavioral signatures, the congruency cost and the transfer cost, which doubly dissociate the two effects. Together, the results are consistent with the view that proactive and reactive control reflect independent mechanisms.
Journal Article