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Des jeux vidéos aux expositions virtuelles de nombreux musées en passant par les projections grand format de tableaux qui nous plongent dans 'univers visuel d'artistes appréciées du grand public, l'expérience immersive semble aujourd'hui inséparable de la médiation technologique mise en ceuvre pour la produire. C'est pourtant dans une maison québécoise des plus traditionnelles, et devant une peinture, que j'ai vécu, (ete dernier, un indéniable sentiment d'immersion.

Research has shown that psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have profound anti-inflammatory properties mediated by 5-HT2A receptor signaling, supporting their evaluation as a therapeutic for neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative disease.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of orally repeated administration of 5 μg, 10 μg, and 20 μg LSD in older healthy individuals. In the current paper, we present safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic measures that relate to safety, tolerability, and dose response.MethodsThis was a phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dose groups (5 μg, 10 μg, 20 μg LSD, and placebo), and received their assigned dose on six occasions (i.e., every 4 days).ResultsForty-eight older healthy volunteers (mean age = 62.9 years) received placebo (n = 12), 5 μg (n = 12), 10 μg (n = 12), or 20 μg (n = 12) LSD. LSD plasma levels were undetectable for the 5 μg group and peak blood plasma levels for the 10 μg and 20 μg groups occurred at 30 min. LSD was well tolerated, and the frequency of adverse events was no higher than for placebo. Assessments of cognition, balance, and proprioception revealed no impairment.ConclusionsOur results suggest safety and tolerability of orally administered 5 μg, 10 μg, and 20 μg LSD every fourth day over a 21-day period and support further clinical development of LSD for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Ausgehend vom Prinzip der freien Energie sowie der aktiven Inferenz beschreibt dieser Beitrag die Gesamtheit der zur räumlichen und bewegungsbezogenen Eigenwahrnehmung sowie zu willkürlichen Bewegungen beitragenden, interagierenden Partialmechanismen als ein dynamisches komplexes funktionelles System. Dieses System befindet sich in einem fortlaufenden Prozess der Selbsterhaltung sowie -bestätigung, der zu einem dynamischen Gleichgewichtszustand führt. Ziel des umschriebenen Systems ist es, ein Modell für die Bewegungsregulation unter Führung multimodaler sensorischer Zuflüsse zu generieren, über das der Organismus in eine dynamische Wahrnehmungs-Handlungs-Interaktion mit der Umwelt tritt. Funktionsstörungen der räumlichen und bewegungsbezogenen Eigenwahrnehmung sowie der Wahrnehmung der relativen Umwelt können Funktionsstörungen des Bewegungssystem bedingen und auf Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen der Sinnessysteme beruhen. Entsprechend liefert das Prinzip der freien Energie und die einhergehende Denkweise Impulse zur Reflexion und Weiterentwicklung von bestehenden manualmedizinischen Praktiken, aber auch zur Innovation.

Purpose To evaluate the effects of rotator cuff tear (RCT) and its severity on shoulder proprioception. Methods We studied 132 consecutive patients (67 M-65 F; mean age ± SD, 66.03 ± 9.04; range, 43–78) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Tear size was determined intra-operatively. The control group included 82 subjects (38 M-44 F; mean age ± SD, 65.87 ± 8.06; range, 41–75) with no RCT. All participants, wearing an eye mask, were submitted to the evaluation of the joint position sense (JPS) at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of shoulder forward flexion during the sitting position, using a digital inclinometer securely attached to the subject’s arm using hook-and-loop straps. The passive placement and active replacement method was used; the order of the tested angles was randomly selected. The entire test was repeated three times. The error score, by averaging the three trials, was measured as the absolute difference between the target angle and the observed angle. Statistics were performed. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient for all degrees of flexion movement measured was > 0.90, exhibiting a very high correlation. We found significant differences between cases and controls regarding the results of joint position sense error at all measurements ( p  < 0.05). According to RCT size, we found significant differences between groups at 30° (F = 27.27, p  < 0.001), 90° (F = 5.37, p  = 0.006), 120° (F = 10.76, p  < 0.001), and 150° (F = 30.93, p  < 0.001) of shoulder flexion; in details, patients with massive RCT showed greater absolute error value than those with both small and large RCT at 30°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of shoulder flexion ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions RCT provokes an alteration of shoulder proprioception, evaluated as the loss of joint position sense, and the impairment is related to tear severity.

Inactivating variants in PIEZO2, which encodes a stretch-gated ion channel, impair touch perception and proprioception. Visual cues partially compensate for these impairments, allowing affected persons to perform complex movements with greater accuracy. The ability to sense force, which is known as mechanosensation, provides humans and other animals with important information about the environment; it is crucial for social interactions, such as comforting or caressing, and is required for motor coordination. A number of anatomical classes of somatosensory neurons with distinct selectivity for mechanical stimuli have been identified, but the way in which these inputs combine to provide the richness of the human sense of touch remains unclear. 1 , 2 Similarly, proprioception is considered to be essential for posture and controlled movement, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the precise role . . .

PIEZO2 is the essential transduction channel for touch discrimination, vibration, and proprioception. Mice and humans lacking Piezo2 experience severe mechanosensory and proprioceptive deficits and fail to develop tactile allodynia. Bradykinin, a proalgesic agent released during inflammation, potentiates PIEZO2 activity. Molecules that decrease PIEZO2 function could reduce heightened touch responses during inflammation. Here, we find that the dietary fatty acid margaric acid (MA) decreases PIEZO2 function in a dose-dependent manner. Chimera analyses demonstrate that the PIEZO2 beam is a key region tuning MA-mediated channel inhibition. MA reduces neuronal action potential firing elicited by mechanical stimuli in mice and rat neurons and counteracts PIEZO2 sensitization by bradykinin. Finally, we demonstrate that this saturated fatty acid decreases PIEZO2 currents in touch neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings report on a natural product that inhibits PIEZO2 function and counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization and reveal a key region for channel inhibition. PIEZO2 is a critical component of the mechanism by which innocuous touch causes pain (tactile allodynia). Here, authors find that the dietary fatty acid margaric acid decreases PIEZO2 function in a dose-dependent manner and counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization by a proalgesic agent.

While the FIFA 11 + Referees program (the 11 + Referees) is the only structured injury prevention program for referees, its effects on injury-related risk factors among referees remain underexplored. This study investigated the effects of the 11 + Referees on knee joint proprioception and dynamic balance. Thirty four female referees from the Tehran Premier Futsal League voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to either a control group ( n  = 17) or the 11 + Referees group ( n  = 17). All participants underwent a baseline assessment including knee joint proprioception at angular velocities of 15°/s, 45°/s, and 60°/s, and position sense, as well as dynamic balance. Subsequently, the intervention group performed the 11 + Referees program three times weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group performed general warm-ups. Post-intervention, the same test battery was administered, and changes were analyzed to identify the program’s effects on the measures understudied. Significant improvements were observed in knee joint proprioception at 15°/s (F = 18.19, p  < 0.001, η²=0.44), 45°/s (F = 4.07, p  = 0.056, ηp²=0.15), and 60°/s (F = 6.63, p  = 0.017, η²=0.22) in the intervention group. However, dynamic balance did not show significant improvement (F = 0.79, p  = 0.38, η²=0.033). In conclusion, an eight-week application of the 11 + Referees enhanced knee joint proprioception in female referees with large effect sizes, but had no significant effect on dynamic balance. Improvements in proprioception may be attributed to neuromuscular adaptations resulting from regular program use. The absence of balance improvement could be due to the short intervention period and the hard futsal court surface, which may limit the effectiveness of certain balance exercises. Future studies should explore the program's effects on other injury risk factors and injury rates.

The hand endows us with unparalleled precision and versatility in our interactions with objects, from mundane activities such as grasping to extraordinary ones such as virtuoso pianism. The complex anatomy of the human hand combined with expansive and specialized neuronal control circuits allows a wide range of precise manual behaviours. To support these behaviours, an exquisite sensory apparatus, spanning the modalities of touch and proprioception, conveys detailed and timely information about our interactions with objects and about the objects themselves. The study of manual dexterity provides a unique lens into the sensorimotor mechanisms that endow the nervous system with the ability to flexibly generate complex behaviour.Hands enable us to interact with objects in precise and versatile ways. In this Review, Sobinov and Bensmaia discuss aspects of mundane and expert manual behaviours, the anatomical complexity of the human hand and neural mechanisms that underlie manual dexterity.