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"Protagonists"
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Shakespeare's big men : tragedy and the problem of resentment
Shakespeare's Big Men examines five Shakespearean tragedies--Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and Coriolanus--through the lens of generative anthropology and the insights of its founder, Eric Gans. Generative anthropology's theory of the origins of human society explains the social function of tragedy: to defer our resentment against the \"big men\" who dominate society by letting us first identify with the tragic protagonist and his resentment, then allowing us to repudiate the protagonist's resentful rage and achieve theatrical catharsis. Drawing on this hypothesis, Richard van Oort offers inspired readings of Shakespeare's plays and their representations of desire, resentment, guilt, and evil. His analysis revives the universal spirit in Shakespearean criticism, illustrating how the plays can serve as a way to understand the ethical dilemma of resentment and discover within ourselves the nature of the human experience.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Tra intentio auctoris e intentio operis: percorsi critici di eredità dell’architettura autoriale del secondo Novecento
This paper reflects on the category of authorial heritage in twentieth-century architecture, addressing the epistemological and political dimensions implicit in the relationship between author and work. It considers the metamorphosis of the author from the second half of the century onwards – progressively emptied of the work itself and transformed into an image, a media construct within the architectural star system – and the consequences of this shift for conservation. Three critical pathways are examined: the re-involvement of the original author, the hereditary succession of relatives, pupils, or collaborators, and the poetics of the unfinished, which questions the legitimacy of possible completions. Through paradigmatic case studies, the analysis highlights heterogeneous outcomes – ranging from interpretation to rewriting and alteration – showing intervention as a critical space of negotiation between the primacy of the intentio auctoris and the autonomy of the intentio operis.
Journal Article
In the margins: Louis Wolfson, language, literature and a dying mother
This article considers whether Louis Wolfson's 'Le Schizo et les langues' (1970) constitutes a literary or a clinical document. Focusing on Gilles Deleuze's reaction to Wolfson's book, I analyse the ways in which Deleuze's reading of Wolfson underwent significant changes from the time of his writing the preface to 'Le Schizo et les langues' until he wrote about Wolfson again as part of 'Critique et Clinique' (1993). I propose that Wolfson's work and Deleuze's shifting readings of it, destabilize hegemonic discourses within the Medical Humanities.
Journal Article
How to Pass the False-Belief Task Before Your Fourth Birthday
The experimental record of the last three decades shows that children under 4 years old fail all sorts of variations on the standard false-belief task, whereas more recent studies have revealed that infants are able to pass nonverbal versions of the task. We argue that these paradoxical results are an artifact of the type of false-belief tasks that have been used to test infants and children: Nonverbal designs allow infants to keep track of a protagonist's perspective over a course of events, whereas verbal designs tend to disrupt the perspective-tracking process in various ways, which makes it too hard for younger children to demonstrate their capacity for perspective tracking. We report three experiments that confirm this hypothesis by showing that 3-year-olds can pass a suitably streamlined version of the verbal false-belief task. We conclude that young children can pass the verbal false-belief task provided that they are allowed to keep track of the protagonist's perspective without too much disruption.
Journal Article
Consumer Identity Work as Moral Protagonism: How Myth and Ideology Animate a Brand‐Mediated Moral Conflict
Consumer researchers have tended to equate consumer moralism with normative condemnations of mainstream consumer culture. Consequently, little research has investigated the multifaceted forms of identity work that consumers can undertake through more diverse ideological forms of consumer moralism. To redress this theoretical gap, we analyze the adversarial consumer narratives through which a brand‐mediated moral conflict is enacted. We show that consumers’ moralistic identity work is culturally framed by the myth of the moral protagonist and further illuminate how consumers use this mythic structure to transform their ideological beliefs into dramatic narratives of identity. Our resulting theoretical framework explicates identity‐value–enhancing relationships among mythic structure, ideological meanings, and marketplace resources that have not been recognized by prior studies of consumer identity work.
Journal Article
When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude
We often evaluate the self and others from social comparisons. We feel envy when the target person has superior and self-relevant characteristics. Schadenfreude occurs when envied persons fall from grace. To elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude, we conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In study one, the participants read information concerning target persons characterized by levels of possession and self-relevance of comparison domains. When the target person's possession was superior and self-relevant, stronger envy and stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation were induced. In study two, stronger schadenfreude and stronger striatum activation were induced when misfortunes happened to envied persons. ACC activation in study one predicted ventral striatum activation in study two. Our findings document mechanisms of painful emotion, envy, and a rewarding reaction, schadenfreude.
Journal Article
It's the Thought That Counts: Specific Brain Regions for One Component of Theory of Mind
Evidence from developmental psychology suggests that representing the contents of other people's thoughts and beliefs depends on a component of reasoning about other minds (theory of mind) that is distinct from the earlier-developing mental-state concepts for goals, perceptions, and feelings. To provide converging evidence, the current study investigated the substrate of the late-devel-oping process in adult brains. Three regions--the right and left temporo-parietal junction and the posterior cingulate--responded selectively when subjects read about a protagonist's thoughts, but not when they read about other subjective, internal states or other socially relevant information about a person. By contrast, the medial prefrontal cortex responded equivalently in all of these story conditions, a result consistent with a broader role for medial prefrontal cortex in general social cognition. These data support the hypothesis that the early- and late-developing components of theory of mind rely on separate psychological and neural mechanisms, and that these mechanisms remain distinct into adulthood.
Journal Article
Struggles over legitimacy in the Eurozone crisis: Discursive legitimation strategies and their ideological underpinnings
This article focuses on the discursive underpinnings of the legitimacy crisis that the Eurozone as a transnational institution is facing. By adopting a critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective, the empirical analysis focuses on the media discussion in Finland. The analysis shows how discourses of financial capitalism, humanism, nationalism and Europeanism played a central role in legitimation, delegitimation and relegitimation. Furthermore, the analysis elaborates on the legitimation strategies that were often used in the media texts: position-based authorizations involving institutionalized authorities and 'voices of the common man', knowledge-based authorizations focusing on economic expertise, rationalizations concentrating on economic arguments, moral evaluations based on unfairness used especially for delegitimation, mythopoiesis involving alternative future scenarios and cosmology used to construct inevitability. By so doing, this study adds to our understanding of the discursive and ideological underpinnings of the social, political and financial crisis in Greece and other European countries and contributes to research on discursive legitimation more generally.
Journal Article
