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The idea of cultural heritage
\"The idea of cultural heritage has become widespread in many countries, justifying government regulation and providing the background to disputes over valuable works of art and architecture. In this book, Derek Gillman uses several well-known cases from Asia, Europe, and the United States to review the competing claims that works of art belong either to a particular people and place, or, from a cosmopolitan perspective, to all of humankind. Noting the importance of cultural roles and narratives in shaping heritage, he looks at the ways in which the idea of heritage has been constructed. He focuses first on Britain and the writings of Edmund Burke and then on China and its medieval debate about the nature of \"our culture.\" Drawing on a range of sources, including the work of Ronald Dworkin, Will Kymlicka, and Joseph Raz, Gillman relates debates about heritage to those in contemporary political philosophy and offers a liberal approach to moral claims and government regulation\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Green and rapid synthesis of manganese-aluminum layered double hydroxide for highly selective extraction of Ag.sup.+ over Cu.sup.2
Highly effective and efficient recover of silver ions from aqueous media remains a serious task for public health and ecosystem protection. Herein, we report that this task can be addressed by in situ reduction of Ag.sup.+ to metallic silver (Ag.sup.0) with manganese-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MnAl-NO.sub.3-LDH) as framework, which can be synthesized with a facile, green, and scalable approach. As a result, the MnAl-NO.sub.3-LDH presents excellent rapid uptake of Ag.sup.+ with high uptake capacity (less than 2 min, 832.9 mg/g), outperforming most state-of-the-art adsorbents. Furthermore, the MnAl-NO.sub.3-LDH achieved excellent separation selectivity for Ag.sup.+ from Cu.sup.2+ at a high mass ratio of Cu.sup.2+/Ag.sup.+ (500:1). These superior properties coupled with low cost and environmentally benign nature make MnAl-NO.sub.3-LDH a promising candidate for recovery of Ag.sup.+ as well as other potential applications.
Journal Article
Evaluating population connectivity for species of conservation concern in the American Great Plains
Habitat loss and fragmentation are widely recognized as among the most important threats to global biodiversity. New analytical approaches are providing an improved ability to predict the effects of landscape change on population connectivity at vast spatial extents. This paper presents an analysis of population connectivity for three species of conservation concern [swift fox (
Vulpes velox
); lesser prairie-chicken (
Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
); massasuaga (
Sistrurus catenatus
)] across the American Great Plains region. We used factorial least-cost path and resistant kernel analyses to predict effects of landscape conditions on corridor network connectivity. Our predictions of population connectivity provide testable hypotheses about the location of core habitats, corridors, and barriers to movement. The results indicate that connectivity is more sensitive to a species’ dispersal ability than variation in landscape resistance to movement. Thus, it may prove difficult to optimize conservation strategies to maintain population connectivity for multiple species with disparate dispersal abilities and independent distributions.
Journal Article
Playing with the past : exploring values in heritage practice
\"Heritage is all around us, not just in monuments and old buildings, but in places that matter, the countryside and in collections and stories. It touches all of us. How do we decide what to preserve? How do we make the case for heritage when there are so many other priorities? Values in Heritage Practice is designed to make the case for heritage. It is the first ever action learning book about heritage. Eighty different activities and games encompass the basics of heritage management. Although designed to 'train the trainers,' the activities in the book are relevant to any group involved in caring for heritage\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Deep-sea stylasterid delta.sup.18O and delta.sup.13C maps inform sampling scheme for paleotemperature reconstructions
Deep-sea corals have the potential to provide high-resolution paleotemperature records to evaluate oceanographic changes in settings that are vulnerable to current and future ocean warming. The isotopic records preserved in coral skeletal carbonate, however, are limited by their large offsets from isotopic equilibrium with seawater. These \"vital effects\" are the result of biological influences (kinetic and metabolic) on the calcification of coral skeletons and are well known to drive oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios ([delta].sup.18 O and [delta].sup.13 C, respectively) away from isotopic equilibrium with environmental variables. In this study, two calcitic stylasterid corals (Errina fissurata) are sampled via cross sections through their primary growth axes to create skeletal [delta].sup.18 O and [delta].sup.13 C maps. The maps reveal a consistent trend of increasing isotopic values toward the innermost portion of the cross sections, with minimal spatial change in carbonate mineralogy, the average center values being â¼1 0/00 and â¼3 0/00 closer to seawater [delta].sup.18 O and [delta].sup.13 C equilibrium values, respectively. We investigate possible mechanisms for these isotopic trends, including potential growth patterns that would drive spatial isotopic trends. Our results highlight the diversity of the stylasterid coral family, and because of our unique sampling strategy, we can prescribe that E. fissurata corals with minimal mineralogical variability be sampled from the center portions of their stems to achieve accurate paleotemperature reconstructions.
Journal Article
Trends of the Florida manatee
A retrospective study of admission data of 401 West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) presented to the David A. Straz Jr. Manatee Critical Care Center at ZooTampa at Lowry Park (ZooTampa) for rehabilitation from August 1991 through October 2017. Causes of admittance, location of rescue, gender, and age class were all recorded for each manatee admitted. Admittance categories as defined by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) included watercraft collisions, natural causes, entanglement, entrapment, orphaned calves, captive born, mothers of rescued calves, calves of rescued mothers, human, and other. The admitted population was primarily from the southwest and northwest coasts and related waterways of Florida. The gender difference was relatively equivocal (54% female) while the adults comprised 79% of the admissions. The overall total admissions increased steadily over the study period as did the admissions for each individual categories of admission. Watercraft collisions and natural causes combined were 71% of all admissions for the entire study period and are the dominant causes of admission. Watercraft collisions are more likely to occur during May through October, whereas natural causes of admittance are more likely to occur between December and March. Rehabilitated manatees may reduce overall manatee mortality and can provide insight into population-based health concerns if evaluated appropriately. Future efforts can incorporate physical examination findings, hematology, biochemistry profiles, and ancillary diagnostic testing to continue to improve the individual welfare of this marine mammal in its natural range. Admissions data could also potentially serve the wider conservation and recovery efforts if it is proven that the data obtained is at least as informative as that obtained by the carcass salvage program. Limited conservation resources could then be re-directed as new challenges arise with the expanding population and potentially expanding range of this species.
Journal Article
Cultural heritage management : a global perspective
Even as places and objects that have particular cultural significance are increasingly valued in our global world, powerful forces threaten them with destruction. Cultural Heritage Management discusses the efforts of a broad range of contributors devoted to safeguarding our cultural heritage. Editors Phyllis Mauch Messenger and George Smith have brought together an international group of contributors, featuring archaeologists, anthropologists, development specialists, and others engaged in the study, management, protection, and interpretation of places and objects that represent histories, traditions, and cultural identities. From international law to artifact preservation to site interpretation, there is a wide variety of approaches to the management of our cultural heritage. Combining the voices of scholars and practitioners, the book provides a much-needed diversity of voices and perspectives from people steeped in the issues that directly affect the future of the past.
Book
Disturbances, elevation, topography and spatial proximity drive vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient of a top biodiversity hotspot
The correlation between vegetation patterns (species distribution and richness) and altitudinal variation has been widely reported for tropical forests, thereby providing theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation. However, this relationship may have been oversimplified, as many other factors may influence vegetation patterns, such as disturbances, topography and geographic distance. Considering these other factors, our primary question was: is there a vegetation pattern associated with substantial altitudinal variation (10–1,093 m a.s.l.) in the Atlantic Rainforest—a top hotspot for biodiversity conservation—and, if so, what are the main factors driving this pattern? We addressed this question by sampling 11 1-ha plots, applying multivariate methods, correlations and variance partitioning. The
Restinga
(forest on sandbanks along the coastal plains of Brazil) and a lowland area that was selectively logged 40 years ago were floristically isolated from the other plots. The maximum species richness (>200 spp. per hectare) occurred at approximately 350 m a.s.l. (submontane forest). Gaps, multiple stemmed trees, average elevation and the standard deviation of the slope significantly affected the vegetation pattern. Spatial proximity also influenced the vegetation pattern as a structuring environmental variable or via dispersal constraints. Our results clarify, for the first time, the key variables that drive species distribution and richness across a large altitudinal range within the Atlantic Rainforest.
Journal Article