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We study a class of periodic Schrödinger operators on ℝ that have Dirac points. The introduction of an “edge” via adiabatic modulation of a periodic potential by a domain wall results in the bifurcation of spatially localized “edge states,” associated with the topologically protected zero-energy mode of an asymptotic one-dimensional Dirac operator. The bound states we construct can be realized as highly robust transverse-magnetic electromagnetic modes for a class of photonic waveguides with a phase defect. Our model captures many aspects of the phenomenon of topologically protected edge states for 2D bulk structures such as the honeycomb structure of graphene.

The definitive account of the superior fighting force that powered the English Revolution The New Model Army was one of the most formidable fighting forces ever assembled. Formed in 1645, it was crucial in overthrowing the monarchy and propelling one of its most brilliant generals, Oliver Cromwell, to power during the English Revolution. Paradoxically, it was also instrumental in restoring the king in 1660. But the true nature of this army has long been debated. In this authoritative history, Ian Gentles examines the full scope of the New Model Army. As a fighting force it engineered regicide, pioneered innovative military tactics, and helped to keep Cromwell in power as Lord Protector until his death. All the while, those within its ranks promoted radical political ideas inspired by the Levellers and held dissenting religious beliefs. Gentles explores how brilliant battlefield maneuvering and logistical prowess contributed to its victories-and...

In recent decades, Kenya has witnessed profound changes in its economic, cultural, and environmental landscapes resulting from its interactions with China. University students are competing for scholarships to study in China, coastal artisanal fishers are increasingly worried about Chinese-owned trawlers depleting fish stocks, fishers on Lake Victoria are grappling with the impact of frozen tilapia from China, and unemployed youth are seeking a fair shot at working on one of Kenya's multimillion-dollar Chinese-funded infrastructure projects. Anita Plummer's Kenya's Engagement with China investigates the tension between official Kenyan and Chinese state narratives and individual Kenyans' reactions to China's presence to provide insight into how everyday Kenyans exercise their political agency. The competing discourses Plummer uncovers in person, in the news, and online reveal how Kenyans use China to question local power structures, demand policy change, and articulate different visions for their country's future. This critical text represents the next step in research on Sino-African relations.

Ripples of Hope: How Ordinary People Resist Repression without Violence is the true story of mothers, students, teachers, journalists, attorneys, and others who courageously stood up for freedom and human rights against repressive rulers − and helped bring change. With few exceptions, they did it nonviolently. Global in application and focusing on Kenya, Liberia and Sierra Leone, this tribute to the strength of the human spirit also breaks new ground in social movement theories, showing how people on their own or in small groups can make a diffference.

There is an increasing interest in developing nanoparticles with diverse biologic activities. To this end, we prepared 10 to 15 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNP) from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride. Within this study, endophytic fungi hosted four medicinal plants in Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt have been isolated by surface sterilization technique on four isolation media. Ten species, based on their frequency of occurrence, out of twenty recovered taxa were tested for their capability to synthesize extracellular AgNPs. Trichoderma atroviride hosted Chiliadenus montanus was found to be the best candidate for the production of mycogenic AgNPs among all examined species. The myco-synthesized AgNPs were compared with chemically synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The HRTEM result showed the distribution of spherical AgNPs ranging from 10 to 15 nm. Trichoderma atroviride isolate was subjected to sequencing for confirmation of phenotypic identification. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8 s - ITS2 rDNA sequences obtained were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database and registered with accession number MH283876 in the NCBI Database. Antibacterial, anticandidal and antifungal effects of chemically and mycosynthesized AgNPs were examined at various concentrations in vitro against six pathogenic bacteria and 4 pathogenic fungi by agar well diffusion technique. Standard antibiotics; Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Clotrimazole, and Nystatin at 5 μg/disk were taken as positive controls, while 5% DMSO was used as the negative control. Our data revealed that the application of mycogenic AgNPs at a concentration of 100 ppm resulted in maximum inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These data suggest that AgNPs from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride (MH283876) offer a source of rapid synthesis of eco-friendly, economical bio-materials that show antimicrobial activities.

Staging the revolution offers a reappraisal of the weight and volume of theatrical output during the commonwealth and early Restoration, both in terms of live performances and performances on the paper stage. It argues that the often-cited notion that 1642 marked an end to theatrical production in England until the playhouses were reopened in 1660 is a product of post-Restoration re-writing of the English civil wars and the representations of royalists and parliamentarians that emerged in the 1640s and 1650s. These retellings of recent events in dramatic form mean that drama is central to civil-war discourse. Staging the revolution examines the ways in which drama was used to rewrite the civil war and commonwealth period and demonstrates that, far from marking a clear cultural demarcation from the theatrical output of the early seventeenth century, the Restoration is constantly reflecting back on the previous thirty years.

How did four and a half decades of European colonial intervention transform Moroccan identity? As elsewhere in North Africa and in the wider developing world, the colonial period in Morocco (1912-1956) established a new type of political field in which notions about and relationships among politics and identity formation were fundamentally transformed. Instead of privileging top-down processes of colonial state formation or bottom-up processes of local resistance, the analysis in Making Morocco focuses on interactions between state and society. Jonathan Wyrtzen demonstrates how, during the Protectorate period, interactions among a wide range of European and local actors indelibly politicized four key dimensions of Moroccan identity: religion, ethnicity, territory, and the role of the Alawid monarchy. This colonial inheritance is reflected today in ongoing debates over the public role of Islam, religious tolerance, and the memory of Morocco's Jews; recent reforms regarding women's legal status; the monarchy's multiculturalist recognition of Tamazight (Berber) as a national language alongside Arabic; the still-unresolved territorial dispute over the Western Sahara; and the monarchy's continued symbolic and practical dominance of the Moroccan political field.

Background Evaluating the effect of climate change on the distribution patterns of endemic plants in the mountainous areas is critical for understanding the dynamics of this terrestrial ecosystem in the uncertainty of future changes. The population size of the endemic plants in Saint Catherine protectorate (SKP) has declined significantly over the previous century, as the climatic changes, especially drought and high temperature are the most threats that influenced the presence of them. Results Three endangered endemic taxa ( Anarrhinum forskaohlii subsp. pubescens , Origanum syriacum subsp. sinaicum , and Polygala sinaica var. sinaica ) were assessed depending on IUCN categories and criteria. Besides, the response of these taxa to anticipated climate change over the next few decades was investigated using species distribution models (SDMs). Our analysis included insertion of bioclimatic and soil variables in the SDM modeling process and incorporation of four main algorithms (generalized linear model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in an ensemble model. RF and GLM algorithms outperformed the other algorithms, underscoring their efficacy in predicting the distribution of endemics in Saint Catherine Protectorate (SKP). An examination of the relative significance of bioclimatic variables revealed that wind and climate variables were dominant in shaping the potential distribution of the three taxa. Wind, Bio9, Bio3, Vol. water content at -10kpa (water10) and elevation were the most effective variables for A. forskaohlii subsp. pubescens ; wind, Bio3, Bio15, clay, and elevation for O. syriacum subsp. sinaicum ; wind, Bio3, Bio8, clay, aridity index and elevation for P. sinaica var. sinaica . In addition, our projections showed that the potential range of O. syriacum subsp. sinaicum is expected to decrease over the next few decades under both scenarios SSP585 and SSP126. On the other hand, A. forskaohlii subsp. pubescens and P. sinaica var. sinaica are expected to expand over the next few decades under both scenarios. Conclusions Controlling the risk that threaten these species and implementing protection measures is essential. It is crucial to enact laws and regulations to ensure their safeguarding. Our discoveries highlight the urgency of conservation measures such as reintroduction, in situ and ex situ conservation planning in appropriate habitats.