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An award-winning journalist tells the hidden story of American soldiers turning against an unjust war.

Under what circumstances are women more likely to protest? Despite significant cross-national research on contentious politics in general and women's collective mobilization in particular, no study to date has offered a systematic global analysis of mass mobilization among women. Using newly gathered data on women's nonviolent protest for the years from 1991 to 2009, this article offers a cross-national analysis of the socioeconomic and political correlates of women's protest. Drawing insight from the major theoretical approaches on contentious politics, the results from the data analysis indicate that higher levels of gendered economic and political discrimination, strong presence of women's organizations, and higher female population rates in the general population significantly increase the likelihood of women's protest events. The findings also indicate that collective mobilization among women is more likely in wealthier countries. Furthermore, mass mobilization among women appears to be more common in mixed political regimes rather than in consolidated democracies or autocratic polities. This manuscript complements and adds to the contentious politics literature by focusing on the factors that mobilize a specific segment of the society: women. The findings also speak to the gender and politics literature that lacks comprehensive cross-national studies exploring the determinants of women's mobilization.

Breaking Ranks brings a new and deeply personal perspective to the war in Iraq by looking into the lives of six veterans who turned against the war they helped to fight. Based on extensive interviews with each of the six, the book relates why they enlisted, their experiences in training and in early missions, their tours of combat, and what has happened to them since returning home. The compelling stories of this diverse cross section of the military recount how each journey to Iraq began with the sincere desire to do good. Matthew Gutmann and Catherine Anne Lutz show how each individual's experiences led to new moral and political understandings and ultimately to opposing the war.

Less than a lifetime since the era of decolonization, the descendants of African and Asian former colonial subjects, and their allies in Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and other former colonial powers, are demanding a reckoning with the historical and ongoing harms of colonialism, racism, violence, and discrimination. Since the late twentieth century, activists in European capitals, and in the Caribbean and throughout Africa, have sought policies of historical redress, including reparations for historical crimes against humanity that include the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans, slavery, genocide, and colonialism.2 In the Pacific region, anticolonial and antinuclear activists protested France's resumption in 1995 of its underground nuclear tests in Moruroa, after years of atmospheric and underground tests in its colonial Polynesian atolls that had turned the region into a nuclear waste dump. In Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Haifa, protesters demanded justice for Floyd and for Iyad Halek, a Palestinian man with autism killed by Israeli police on May 30. Since 1991, four hundred and thirty-four Indigenous people in that country have died in police custody. Grassroots efforts by activists to obtain justice for victims of police violence, investigations by journalists and, eventually, by the Obama Justice Department, documented patterns and practices of discriminatory arrests, fines, coerced confessions, and unreasonable use of deadly force. Unceasing pressure by activists resulted in the rare convictions of officers for gross misconduct.7 Protests, particularly in Ferguson, Missouri, after the shooting death of Michael Brown, aged eighteen and unarmed, by police officer Darren Wilson, exposed the militarization of police departments, their use of armored vehicles, weapons, and other equipment originally intended for combat troops in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, donated to police departments by US armed forces.

A range of international development and humanitarian actors have aimed to support women's rights in Afghanistan, from a variety of different policy perspectives. Support has tended to focus on government and state structures, but this top-down approach has had a very limited impact on the lives of women. Progress has been held up by a range of factors familiar in fragile contexts. This article draws on the perspectives of three organisations and a range of other activists, to explore how international actors can help to anchor and build on gains made so far. In particular, they need to work in partnership with Afghan women themselves and their movements.

There is an ongoing dependence and tension between the military and the society it protects. This article examines the relatively new \"military and society\" field using the 50-year anniversary of the journal Armed Forces & Society as a focal point. This dynamic field is influenced by world events, cultural trends, and politics. Civil-military relations is at the heart of the discourse. An international and interdisciplinary journal, Armed Forces & Society reflects the changing nature of the field over the last 50 years. I have edited the journal since 2001 and bring this experience to the discussion.

This book examines how civil society actors operate under authoritarian constraints, and examines how this is linked to regime change. This book moves beyond traditional notions of civil society and explains the complexity of state-society relations in authoritarian contexts outside the framework of democratization. Rejecting a wholly normative approach, the contributors focus on the whole range of civic activism under authoritarianism, from resistance to support for the political system in place. They explain how activism under authoritarianism is subject to different structures, and demonstrate how active citizens have tried to claw back powers of expression and contestation, but also sought to create a voice for themselves as privileged interlocutors of authoritarian regimes. With a strong empirical focus on a wide range of countries and authoritarian regimes, this book presents cross-country comparisons on Spain, Portugal, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Cuba, Chile, Tunisia, Yemen, Jordan, Afghanistan and Burma. Civil Society Activism under Authoritarian Rule will be of interest to students and scholars of international politics, comparative politics, civil society, authoritarianism and regime change.

Lamenting that the president's war strategy was not the change they had hoped for, human rights defenders discussed the need to re-energize the Bay Area's anti-war movement to deal with the war's escalation and the ongoing U.S. and NATO occupation of Afghanistan. -

The limited success or fa?ure of such modernization in Iran and Egypt, and in many other Muslim majority countries, in turn gave rise to reUgiously based protest movements, and, as Vali Nasr has observed, in a short thirty- two-month period between February 1979 and October 1981, the world saw the overthrow of the Shah of Iran and his replacement by a theocracy headed by AyatoUah Khomeini, the declaration of Pakistan as an Islamic state under m?itary dictator Zia ul Haq, the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, and the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat.4 The thirty years since then have seen two wars m Iraq, the rise and fall of the Taliban m Afghanistan, a civ? war lii Algeria, the rise of international terrorist groups that justify then actions by reference to a radical interpretation of Islam, and the growth of a powerful opposition movement in Iran that argues for greater political and personal freedom.

The ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with financial woes at home, drew some 4,000 people to a peace rally in San Francisco's Civic Center Plaza and a march through the city's busy downtown shopping district on March 20, the seventh anniversary of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.