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result(s) for
"Protestant Reformation"
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Rediscovering the ancient hermeneutic of Rebekah’s character
by
Melnik, Valery V.
,
Tsymbalyuk, Oleg M.
in
1st century
,
2nd century
,
And extra-Biblical view of Rebekah’s character
2020
\\r\\n A careful evaluation of well-documented historical data, along with ancient and modern theological writings, reveals the matriarch Rebekah as one of the most important and controversial\\r\\n individuals of the biblical narrative. Her exceptional beauty, hospitality, morality, faithfulness and sacrificial love were highly admired and praised as iconic by ancient historians,\\r\\n philosophers, the Hebrew community, the Church Fathers and numerous other scholars; yet, some theologians and clerics of the past few 100 years have depicted Rebekah in a negative light. This\\r\\n article intends to highlight this contradiction for the contemporary community of believers by providing an insightful description of the ancient hermeneutics of Rebekah’s story. It further\\r\\n aims to encourage biblical scholars to methodologically re-evaluate Rebekah’s life, investigating possible reasons as to why the positive image of Rebekah has been overturned in recent years,\\r\\n and thereby determine the cause of such a conceptual paradigm shift in interpreting this key biblical narrative.\\r\\n
Journal Article
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī and Muhammad Iqbal
2025
The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century marked a pivotal transformation in Catholic Christianity in Europe. Spearheaded by Martin Luther (d. 1546), the movement challenged the Pope's supreme authority, criticized the sale of indulgences, and advocated justification by faith and grace alone. The Reformation led to profound changes across Europe. Luther's teachings symbolized reform within religious tradition, aiming to eliminate rigid orthodoxy. Similarly, they inspired Muslim modernists seeking comparable reforms in response to modernity. These reformers valued Reformation ideals, emphasizing individual interpretation of religious texts, the separation of religious and worldly realms, and the exclusion of religious scholars from political authority. Reformers like Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī admired the Reformation's impact on Christianity and saw himself as a Luther within Islam. Muhammad Iqbal analysed the possibility of a Reformation-like movement in the Muslim world in his 1930 Allahabad Address and poetry. This article describes the Protestant Reformation and Luther's theology, highlighting its relevance to and impact on Muslim modernist thought. It focuses on al-Afghānī and Iqbal, exploring the idea of a Luther-like figure in Islam to enact similar reforms.
Journal Article
Heaven’s Wrath
2019,2020
Heaven's Wrath explores the religious thought and religious rites of the early Dutch Atlantic world. D. L. Noorlander argues that the Reformed Church and the West India Company forged and maintained a close union, with considerable consequences across the seventeenth century. Noorlander questions the core assumptions about why the Dutch failed to establish a durable empire in America. He downplays the usual commercial explanations and places the focus instead on the tremendous expenses incurred in the Calvinist-backed war and the Reformed Church's meticulous, worried management of colonial affairs. By pinpointing the issues that hampered the size and import of the Dutch Atlantic world, Noorlander revises core notions about the organization and aims of the Dutch empire, the culture of the West India Company, and the very shape of Dutch society.
Domestic Subversion as Class Revolution: Dismantling Gender and Destroying Hierarchy in 2 Henry VI
2021
Power is a graph with many axes. In early modern England, as the economic framework shifted and the Protestant Reformation brought religion into debate, these axes became simultaneously unstable and incredibly rigid; definitions were changing, but those with power did whatever necessary to keep it. This essay will examine the classed and gendered continuum of power and the women of 2 Henry VI’s places on it. These women—Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England and Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester—are rebellious within their respective marriages. But because the patriarchy and emergent feudal-capitalism are deeply intertwined in the English hierarchal system, true domestic subversion must be in the same moment a class revolution. To subvert a system of oppression, one must do more than restructure the existing cycle of violence and impose oppressive forces upon a new group. In 2 Henry VI, Duchess Eleanor’s dominant femininity—whether consciously or not—represents the true subversion of all systems of English hierarchy; Queen Margaret’s binary masculinity, on the other hand, emulates rather than subverts the patriarchal power which perpetuates cycles of violence within the oppressive feudal-capitalist system.
Journal Article
Tomás Moro ante la \king's great matter\
2020
Abstract A canonical-legal dispute shook 16thcentury s Europe and had lasting political and ecclesiastical repercussions, not least because it concurred with the so-called Protestant Reformation and the separation of the Anglican Church from the Roman Church. Henry VIII claimed that his marriage was void because of the presence of a Bible impediment that forbade marrying the brothers wife, and which could not be dispensed. Key Words Thomas More - marriage - annulment - divorce - great matter. En Deuteronomio 25, 5, se dispone: \"quando habitaverint fratres simul et unus ex eis absque liberis mortuus fuerit uxor defuncti non nubet alteri sed accipiet eam frater eius et suscitabit semen fratris sui\" / \"Si varios hermanos viven juntos y uno de ellos muere sin tener hijos, la mujer del difunto no se casará con un extraño.
Journal Article
Religion, Division of Labor, and Conflict
2019
We study the role of economic incentives in shaping the coexistence of Jews, Catholics, and Protestants, using novel data from Germany for 1,000+ cities. The Catholic usury ban and higher literacy rates gave Jews a specific advantage in the moneylending sector. Following the Protestant Reformation (1517), the Jews lost these advantages in regions that became Protestant. We show (i) a change in the geography of anti-Semitism with persecutions of Jews and anti-Jewish publications becoming more common in Protestant areas relative to Catholic areas; (ii) a more pronounced change in cities where Jews had already established themselves as moneylenders. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that, following the Protestant Reformation, Jews living in Protestant regions were exposed to competition with the Christian majority, especially in moneylending, leading to an increase in anti-Semitism.
Journal Article
Was Weber wrong?
2009
Max Weber attributed the higher economic prosperity of Protestant regions to a Protestant work ethic. We provide an alternative theory: Protestant economies prospered because instruction in reading the Bible generated the human capital crucial to economic prosperity. We test the theory using county-level data from late-nineteenth-century Prussia, exploiting the initial concentric dispersion of the Reformation to use distance to Wittenberg as an instrument for Protestantism. We find that Protestantism indeed led to higher economic prosperity, but also to better education. Our results are consistent with Protestants' higher literacy accounting for most of the gap in economic prosperity.
Journal Article
Nad výsledky mezinárodního bádání k 500. výročí reformace (Dokončení z minulého čísla)
2021
Nad výsledky mezinárodního bádání k 500. výročí reformace (Dokončení z minulého čísla) Reformace a knihtisk Thomas KAUFMANN Die Mitte der Reformation. How an Unheralded Monk Turned His Small Town into a Center ofPublishing, Made Himself the Most Famous Man in Europe - and Started the Protestant Reformation New York, Penguin Press 2015, xvi + 384 s., ISBN 978-0-39-956323-2. V tuto chvíli se však přece ještě pozastavme u Kaufmanna, jehož podíl na vzepětí reformační dekády by doposud představenými příspěvky nebyl ilustrován netoliko snad úplně (o což zde neusilujeme), ale ani dostatečně. Jestliže totiž významná část Leppinova oeuvre spadá do církevních dějin středověku, resp. historie křesťanské mystiky mezi starověkem a současností, Kaufmann se na dějiny reformace soustředí téměř výhradně, byť ve velmi širokém záběru, a jeho práce jsou tudíž směrodatné i v některých dalších dílčích thematických oblastech. Mezitím již naopak bylo nutno čelit hrozbě zúžení pozornosti právě jen na knihtisk a vyzvednout proti ní \"multimedialitu\" reformace, tj. obrátit pozornost znovu také k dalším formám šíření a sdílení reformačního poselství, jejichž potence se vzájemně umocňovaly. Ale přesto ani thema knihtisku v rámci této \"multimediality\" nepozbývá na významu a není vyčerpané. A ani v tomto případě nešlo o úspěch hvězdy, která by teprve vystupovala nad obzor, ale spíše o ocenění jednoho z plodů víceméně již životního díla, zúročujícího práci více než jednoho desetiletí. V něm se pozornost mezitím již zralého badatele (a tehdy i vicepresidenta Britské historické společnosti) soustředila přednostně jednak na reformační \"publikum\" a \"kulturu přesvědčování\", jednak na rozsáhlý projekt katalogisace raně novověkých, resp. \"renesančních\" tisků, včetně letákových (\"Universal Short Title Catalogue\"), koordinovaný jím z domácího institutu reformačních studií v evropském měřítku - a na jeho pozadí na kulturněhospodářské aspekty dobového knihtisku obecněji. Pettegree jí pomohl ve větší míře odkrýt, že Lutherova genialita se neprojevila pouze v theologickém myšlení či jazykové tvorbě, ale právě i v komunikačních strategiích. Teprve novější badatelé si ovšem uvědomili, o kolik méně byly tyto možnosti nasnadě, než se mohou jevit zpětně, a jak silně je reformátor sám pomohl rozvinout. Luther mu nabídl transformaci, vedoucí z patové situace ven - a to ne snad jen jako pasivní objekt aféry, jež vzbudila pozornost publika, ale jako velmi aktivně, cílevědomě a schopně vystupující subjekt, který skutečně měl co nabídnout. Uměl oslovit elitu i širokou veřejnost, myšlenkami hlubokými, ale také přístupně podanými, a nechyběla mu ani nápaditost, ani energie, aby dodával tiskařským lisům neustále nové texty, poutavě úderné svou aktualitou a zároveň přiměřeně krátké, aby je šlo zhotovit i uveřejnit takřka obratem. Tím jednak učinil provinční Wittenberg, kde původně působila jediná oficína, jedním z knihtiskařských center, ale zároveň napomohl k obživě i dílnám v jiných oblastech, které jeho texty mohly přejímat. Ani ty ale Lutherovi nechyběly, a ve spojení s ostatními kvalitami poskytl nakladatelům náhradu nejen důstojnější, ale neméně dobře prosperující. V každém případě je jisté, ale v knize nezaniká, že záleželo i na těch, kteří reformátorovi uměli vyhovět.
Journal Article