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PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using MATLAB
Although, the basic concept of a fuel cell is quite simple, creating new designs and optimizing their performance takes serious work and a mastery of several technical areas. PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using Matlab, provides design engineers and researchers with a valuable tool for understanding and overcoming barriers to designing and building the next generation of PEM Fuel Cells. With this book, engineers can test components and verify designs in the development phase, saving both time and money. Easy to read and understand, this book provides design and modelling tips for fuel cell components such as: modelling proton exchange structure, catalyst layers, gas diffusion, fuel distribution structures, fuel cell stacks and fuel cell plant. This book includes design advice and MATLAB and FEMLAB codes for Fuel Cell types such as: polymer electrolyte, direct methanol and solid oxide fuel cells. This book also includes types for one, two and three dimensional modeling and two-phase flow phenomena and microfluidics.
eBook
PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis
This volume presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation. The book progresses systematically through topics, from component degradations to contamination-, environment-, operation-, and process-induced degradations and durability issues. It also includes degradation testing protocols important for durability and failure mode studies of PEM fuel cells.
eBook
PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools
This volume presents various tools for diagnosing PEM fuel cells and stacks, including in situ and ex situ diagnostic tools, electrochemical techniques, and physical/chemical methods. It outlines the principles, experimental implementation, data processing, and application of each technique, along with its capabilities and weaknesses. The book discusses commonly used conventional tools, such as cyclic voltammetry and transmission electron microscopy. It also examines special tools developed specifically for PEM fuel cells, including transparent cells, cathode discharge, and current mapping, as well as recent advanced tools for diagnosis.
eBook
Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are becoming a major part of a greener and more sustainable future. However, the costs of high-purity hydrogen and noble metal catalysts alongside the complexity of the PEMFC system severely hamper their commercialization. Operating PEMFCs at high temperatures (HT-PEMFCs, above 120 °C) brings several advantages, such as increased tolerance to contaminants, more affordable catalysts, and operations without liquid water, hence considerably simplifying the system. While recent progresses in proton exchange membranes for HT-PEMFCs have made this technology more viable, the HT-PEMFC viscous acid electrolyte lowers the active site utilization by unevenly diffusing into the catalyst layer while it acutely poisons the catalytic sites. In recent years, the synthesis of platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM-free catalysts with higher acid tolerance and phosphate-promoted oxygen reduction reaction, in conjunction with the design of catalyst layers with improved acid distribution and more triple-phase boundaries, has provided great opportunities for more efficient HT-PEMFCs. The progress in these two interconnected fields is reviewed here, with recommendations for the most promising routes worthy of further investigation. Using these approaches, the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs will be significantly improved.
Journal Article
Gas Diffusion Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an attractive type of fuel cell that have received successful commercialization, benefitted from its unique advantages (including an all solid-state structure, a low operating temperature and low environmental impact). In general, the structure of PEMFCs can be regarded as a sequential stacking of functional layers, among which the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in connecting bipolar plates and catalyst layers both physically and electrically, offering a route for gas diffusion and drainage and providing mechanical support to the membrane electrode assemblies. The GDL commonly contains two layers; one is a thick and rigid macroporous substrate (MPS) and the other is a thin microporous layer (MPL), both with special functions. This work provides a brief review on the GDL to explain its structure and functions, summarize recent progress and outline future perspectives.
Journal Article
Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output
The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related to their evolutionary nuances and research hotspots remain largely unanswered. To fill this gap, the current review uses bibliometric analysis to analyze PEMFC articles indexed in the Scopus database that were published between 2000–2021. It has been revealed that the research field is growing at an annual average growth rate of 19.35%, with publications from 2016 to 2012 alone making up 46% of the total articles available since 2000. As the two most energy-consuming economies in the world, the contributions made towards the progress of PEMFC research have largely been from China and the US. From the research trend found in this investigation, it is clear that the focus of the researchers in the field has largely been to improve the performance and efficiency of PEMFC and its components, which is evident from dominating keywords or phrases such as ‘oxygen reduction reaction’, ‘electrocatalysis’, ‘proton exchange membrane’, ‘gas diffusion layer’, ‘water management’, ‘polybenzimidazole’, ‘durability’, and ‘bipolar plate’. We anticipate that the provision of the research themes that have emerged in the PEMFC field in the last two decades from the scientific mapping technique will guide existing and prospective researchers in the field going forward.
Journal Article
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Modeling
The fuel cell is a potential candidate for energy storage and conversion in our future energy mix. It is able to directly convert the chemical energy stored in fuel (e.g. hydrogen) into electricity, without undergoing different intermediary conversion steps. In the field of mobile and stationary applications, it is considered to be one of the future energy solutions.
Among the different fuel cell types, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has shown great potential in mobile applications, due to its low operating temperature, solid-state electrolyte and compactness.
This book presents a detailed state of art of PEM fuel cell modeling, with very detailed physical phenomena equations in different physical domains. Examples and a fully coupled multi-physical 1.2 kW PEMFC model are given help the reader better understand how to use the equations.
eBook
Engineering nanoporous and solid core-shell architectures of low-platinum alloy catalysts for high power density PEM fuel cells
Low-platinum (Pt) alloy catalysts hold promising application in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Although significant progress has been made to boost the kinetic ORR mass activity at low current densities in liquid half-cells, little attention was paid to the performance of Pt-based catalysts in realistic PEMFCs particularly at high current densities for high power density, which remains poorly understood. In this paper, we show that, regardless of the kinetic mass activity at the low current density region, the high current density performance of the low-Pt alloy catalysts is dominantly controlled by the total Pt surface area, particularly in low-Pt-loading H
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-air PEMFCs. To this end, we propose two different strategies to boost the specific Pt surface area, the post-15-nm dealloyed nanoporous architecture and the sub-5-nm solid core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) through fluidic-bed synthesis, both of which bring in comparably high mass activity and high Pt surface area for large-current-density performance. At medium current density, the dealloyed porous NPs provide substantially higher H
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-air PEMFC performance compared to solid core-shell catalysts, despite their similar mass activity in liquid half-cells. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images combined with electron energy loss spectroscopic imaging evidence a previously unreported “semi-immersed nanoporous-Pt/ionomer” structure in contrast to a “fully-immersed core-shell-Pt/ionomer” structure, thus favoring O
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transport and improving the fuel cell performance. Our results provide new insights into the role of Pt nanostructures in concurrently optimizing the mass activity, Pt surface area and Pt/Nafion interface for high power density fuel cells.
Journal Article