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La enseñanza de la clasificación e interpretación de la técnica de Rorschach es una tarea compleja. Con la finalidad de brindar un acercamiento progresivo a su aprendizaje, un grupo de docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, de trayectoria y experiencia en la transmisión de Técnicas Proyectivas, ha confeccionado Introducción al Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach.El texto considera los desarrollos principales de la técnica. Las diferentes columnas del protocolo, clasificaciones primarias y secundarias, principales y adicionales, fenómenos especiales más frecuentes, psicograma con valores adaptados a nuestra población y, por último, un caso que permite la integración de los contenidos abordados.Respecto al valor cualitativo se han seleccionado aquellas interpretaciones sobre las que hay un acuerdo internacional, apartándose criterios parciales que, si bien enriquecerían la discusión, podrían confundir a quien se están iniciando en su estudio.

The brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is commonly used to screen for depression with 10 often recommended as the cut-off score. We summarized the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 across a range of studies and cut-off scores to select the optimal cut-off for detecting depression. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from 1999 to August 2010 for studies that reported the diagnostic accuracy of PHQ-9 to diagnose major depressive disorders. We calculated summary sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios for detecting major depressive disorder at different cut-off scores and in different settings. We used random-effects bivariate meta-analysis at cut-off points between 7 and 15 to produce summary receiver operating characteristic curves. We identified 18 validation studies (n = 7180) conducted in various clinical settings. Eleven studies provided details about the diagnostic properties of the questionnaire at more than one cut-off score (including 10), four studies reported a cut-off score of 10, and three studies reported cut-off scores other than 10. The pooled specificity results ranged from 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.82) for a cut-off score of 7 to 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97) for a cut-off score of 15. There was major variability in sensitivity for cut-off scores between 7 and 15. There were no substantial differences in the pooled sensitivity and specificity for a range of cut-off scores (8–11). The PHQ-9 was found to have acceptable diagnostic properties for detecting major depressive disorder for cut-off scores between 8 and 11. Authors of future validation studies should consistently report the outcomes for different cut-off scores.

Background The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a valid and reliable self-report measure for the assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Recently the PCL was updated according to the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. So far only a few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the PCL-5, and all of these are restricted to populations living in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the PCL-5 as a screening instrument for war-affected displaced Kurdish and Arab populations. The specific goal was to determine a contextually valid cut-off score for a probable diagnosis of PTSD. Methods The PCL-5 was translated into Arabic and two Kurdish dialects. Trained interviewers administered these translations as assisted self-reports to 206 adults living in camps for displaced people in Iraq, together with depression and war-exposure instruments. Two weeks later, 98 randomly chosen subjects were reassessed by expert clinical psychologists. In the absence of a gold-standard instrument with proven validity in this context, the expert interviewers applied the PCL-5 items in the form of a clinical interview and used a DSM-5-algorithm to determine a diagnosis of PTSD. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) were performed to determine a valid cutoff-score. Results The internal consistency of the PCL-5 was high (alpha = .85) and the instrument showed an adequate convergent validity. Using the cut-off score of 23, the PCL-5 achieved the optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve = .82, p  < .001; sensitivity = .82, specificity = .70). Conclusions Given that the comparison of the two assessments included both a re-test interval and validation by different interviewers, our results indicate that the PCL-5 can be recommended as an assessment and screening instrument for Kurdish and Arab populations.

Screening for depression refers to the detection of depression among patients with no apparent symptoms. Yet, clinicians can use symptoms of depression (e.g., insomnia, low mood, anhedonia and suicidal thoughts) to identify patients with potential depression.30 Evidence suggests that detecting depression based on clinical symptoms tends to identify patients with more severe depression, who may be more likely to benefit from treatment.31 Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of depression in patients with clinical clues, especially those at increased risk of depression, and implement treatment as appropriate when depression is diagnosed. The current recommendation (to not routinely screen for depression in adults at average or increased risk of depression in primary care set- tings) is a change from the 2005 task force guideline, which recommended screening adults for depression in primary care settings where integrated staff-assisted systems are available to manage treatment. The 2005 recommendation was based on an analysis of a literature review done in 2002 for the US Preventive Services Task Force,40 which showed that screening improved the accuracy of diagnosis of depression and that benefit was more likely in settings where screening was linked to effective followup and treatment. Many of the trials included in the 2002 literature review did not exclude people with prior or known depression, which may have overestimated the benefits of screening. Better information is needed about the diagnostic accuracy of screening instruments for depression (especially in people with characteristics that may increase their risk for depression) and about the best way to screen for depression in primary care settings. High-quality randomized controlled trials with an unscreened control group that evaluate the effect of screening for depression on clinically relevant outcomes (e.g., sustained remission or depression-related mortality) should be a high priority, especially in populations with a higher baseline prevalence of depression. Future clinical trials should also report on the potential harms of screening, including labelling and stigma, falsepositive diagnoses and inappropriate treatment. In particular, such trials should carefully examine the implications of earlier detection in people who would be identified only through screening.

\"Drawings are used extensively by clinical psychologists, school psychologists, and art therapists in the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, adults, and couples. Unfortunately, there is no one, universal drawing test. Instead, it is a technique with many variations in method and interpretation. The editors of this book have gathered a renowned group of contributors to analyze the research and application of the most popular assessment and treatment tools. Both the assets and liabilities of various figure drawing methods will be discussed, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of various drawing techniques. This book will be appropriate for a wide range of readers, including assessment and treatment clinicians in psychology, art therapists, social workers, and other mental health providers\"-- Provided by publisher.

Long-term functional deficits after a brain injury are difficult to assess in the mouse. If no deficit is observed, researchers could conclude either that the animal has fully recovered or that the tests they used were not appropriate or sensitive enough to the modality of the deficits. We present here a detailed protocol describing how to conduct an adhesive removal test for this species. It consists of applying adhesive tape on each forepaw of the animal and measuring the time-to-contact and the time-to-remove them. This behavior implies correct paw and mouth sensitivity (time-to-contact) and correct dexterity (time-to-remove). To decrease interindividual differences, we recommend a training session (1 week, 1 trial per day) before surgical procedures so that mice to reach optimal performances.