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Where is language? Answers to this have attempted to 'incorporate' language in an 'extended mind', through cognition that is 'embodied', 'distributed', 'situated' or 'ecological'. Behind these concepts is a long history that this book is the first to trace. Extending across linguistics, philosophy, psychology and medicine, as well as literary and religious dimensions of the question of what language is, and where it is located, this book challenges mainstream, mind-based accounts of language. Looking at research from the Middle Ages to the present day, and exploring the work of a range of scholars from Aristotle and Galen to Merleau-Ponty and Chomsky, it assesses raging debates about whether mind and language are centred in heart or brain, brain or nervous-muscular system, and whether they are innate or learned, individual or social. This book will appeal to scholars and advanced students in historical linguistics, cognitive linguistics, language evolution and the philosophy of language. -- From publisher's website.

Temperament and Psychological Types can be defined as innate psychological characteristics associated with how we relate with the world, and often influence our study and career choices. Furthermore, understanding these features help us manage conflicts, develop leadership, improve teaching and many other skills. Assigning temperament and psychological types is usually made by filling specific questionnaires. However, it is possible to identify temperamental characteristics from a linguistic and behavioral analysis of social media data from a user. Thus, machine-learning algorithms can be used to learn from a user's social media data and infer his/her behavioral type. This paper initially provides a brief historical review of theories on temperament and then brings a survey of research aimed at predicting temperament and psychological types from social media data. It follows with the proposal of a framework to predict temperament and psychological types from a linguistic and behavioral analysis of Twitter data. The proposed framework infers temperament types following the David Keirsey's model, and psychological types based on the MBTI model. Various data modelling and classifiers are used. The results showed that Random Forests with the LIWC technique can predict with 96.46% of accuracy the Artisan temperament, 92.19% the Guardian temperament, 78.68% the Idealist, and 83.82% the Rational temperament. The MBTI results also showed that Random Forests achieved a better performance with an accuracy of 82.05% for the E/I pair, 88.38% for the S/N pair, 80.57% for the T/F pair, and 78.26% for the J/P pair.

Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field, and hence relationships are at its heart. First and foremost is the relationship between its two parent disciplines, psychology and linguistics, a relationship which has changed and advanced over the half century of the field's independent existence. At the beginning of the 21st Century, psycholinguistics forms part of the rapidly developing enterprise known as cognitive neuroscience, in which the relationship between biology and behavior plays a central role. Psycholinguistics is about language in communication, so that the relationship between language production and comprehension has always been important, and as psycholinguistics is an experimental discipline, it is likewise essential to find the right relationship between model and experiment. This book focuses in turn on each of these four cornerstone relationships: Psychology and Linguistics, Biology and Behavior, Production and Comprehension, and Model and Experiment. The authors are from different disciplinary backgrounds, but share a commitment to clarify the ways that their research illuminates the essential nature of the psycholinguistic enterprise. Contents: A. Cutler, W. Klein, S.C. Levinson, The Cornerstones of Twenty-First Century Psycholinguistics. Part I: Psychology and Linguistics. J.E. Boland, Cognitive Mechanisms and Syntactic Theory. P. Fikkert, Getting Sound Structures in Mind: Acquisition Bridging Linguistics and Psychology? M. Haverkort, Linguistic Representation and Language Use in Aphasia. R.H. Baayen, Data Mining at the Intersection of Psychology and Linguistics. M.J. Pickering, S. Garrod, Establishing and Using Routines During Dialogue: Implications for Psychology and Linguistics. D. Poeppel, D. Embick, Defining the Relation Between Linguistics and Neuroscience. Part II: Biology and Behavior. K. Stromswold, Genetic Specificity of Linguistic Heritability. S.K. Scott, The Neurobiology of Speech Perception. P. Hagoort, Broca's Complex as the Unification Space for Language. S.L. Thompson-Schill, Dissecting the Language Organ: A New Look at the Role of Broca's Area in Language Processing. G. Morgan, Biology and Behavior: Insights From the Acquisition of Sign Language. Part III: Production and Comprehension. G. Vigliocco, R.J. Hartsuiker, Maximal Input and Feedback in Production and Comprehension. J.M. McQueen, Spoken-Word Recognition and Production: Regular but not Inseparable Bedfellows. N.O. Schiller, Verbal Self-Monitoring. F. Ferreira, B. Swets, The Production and Comprehension of Resumptive Pronouns in Relative Clause \"Island\" Contexts. N. Sebastián-Gallés, C. Baus, On the Relationship Between Perception and Production in L2 Categories. K. Emmorey, Signing for Viewing: Some Relations Between the Production and Comprehension of Sign Language. Part IV: Model and Experiment. A. Roelofs, From Popper to Lakatos: A Case for Cumulative Computational Modeling. D. Norris, How Do Computational Models Help Us Develop Better Theories? M.A. Pitt, D.J. Navarro, Tools for Learning About Computational Models. M.W. Crocker, Rational Models of Comprehension: Addressing the Performance Paradox. W.T. Fitch, Computation and Cognition: Four Distinctions and Their Implications.

\"What does it mean to live with obsessive-compulsive disorder in a time when the word \"obsession\" has become synonymous with \"driven\", \"focused\" or \"infatuated\"? This book presents a literary and linguistic reading of obsessive-compulsive disorder, both in its contemporary form and its historical antecedent, to argue that medical understandings of disability need their social, political, literary and linguistic counterparts, especially if we aspire to create a more inclusive society. The chapters visit memoirs, historical texts, novels and movies to demonstrate how each of these manifestations becomes a part of the \"story\" of OCD. In that sense, we construct reality based on the discourses that are available to us, and the discourses of OCD are yet to encompass all of its diversity and complexity\"-- Provided by publisher.

There is a standard version of the history of modern mainstream psycholinguistics that emphasizes an extraordinary explosion of research in mid twentieth century under the guidance and leadership of George A. Miller and Noam Chomsky. The narrative is cast as a dramatic shift away from behavioristic principles and toward mentalistic principles based largely on transformational linguistics. A closer view of the literature diminishes the historical importance of behaviorism, shows a prevailing “written language bias” (Linell in The written language bias in linguistics: Its nature, origins and transformations , Routledge, London, 2005, p. 4) in psycholinguistic research, and elevates some theoretical and empirical thinking of the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries on language and language use to a far more important role than has heretofore been acknowledged. In keeping with the theoretical and methodological perspective of the present article, it is particularly appropriate that the German philologist Philipp Wegener be “given his due in the annals of linguistic sciences” (Koerner 1991, p. VI*). In his (1885/1991) Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen des Sprachlebens (Investigations regarding the fundamental questions of the life of language ; our translation), he began his philological research with the investigation of actual speaking in everyday settings rather than with analyses of purely formal structure. Moreover, he emphasized understanding language and localized this function in the listener. Compatible with Wegener’s own investigations is another aspect of speaking that has been most seriously neglected throughout the history of research on the psychology of verbal communication. For him, as well as for Esper (In C. Murchison [Ed.], A handbook of social psychology , Clark University Press, Worchester, MA, 1935), the basic and primary genre of dialogical discourse was not ongoing conversation, but the occasional use of speech in association with other activities. Both Bühler ( Sprachtheorie , Fischer, Stuttgart, 1934/1982) and Wittgenstein ( Philosophische Untersuchungen/Philosophical investigations , Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1958) have also emphasized the importance of the genre of occasional speaking. The article concludes with a discussion of historical shifts in the relationship between psychology and linguistics.

This article accompanies the archiving by the Pychonomic Society of the Toglia and Battig (1978) semantic word norms. Herein are outlined the various phases of the project, as well as the challenges that were faced in staying the course during the labor-intensive development of the norms. An examination of the number of citations of this set of norms over the years demonstrates a stable employment of these norms by investigators in many fields. Indeed, a concluding section details the wide range of research topics that have been studied with the use of this extensive set of word ratings. The complete Toglia and Battig article and norms may be downloaded as supplemental materials for this article from brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.