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2010年9月,《中国肺癌杂志》与英国著名文献评价数据库Faculty of 1000签署合作协议。《中国肺癌杂志》将定期刊登F1000的专家对SCI及Pubmed等数据库收录的优秀肺癌文章的点评与分析,欢迎关注。

近日,《中国肺癌杂志》与英国著名文献评价数据库Faculty of1000签署合作协议。《中国肺癌杂志》将定期刊登F1000的专家对SCI及Pubmed等数据库收录的优秀肺癌文章的点评与分析,欢迎关注。

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator durin~ these processes. It not only functions in bone an~io~enesis but also in various aspects of bone develooment.

Objective： This review examines the evidence that： Diabetes is a state of DNA damage; pathophysiological factors in diabetes can cause DNA damage： DNA damage can cause mutations： and DNA mutation is linked to carcinogenesis. Data Sources： We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January, 2014, using various search terms and their combinations including DNA damage, diabetes, cancer, high glucose, hyperglycemia, free fatty acids, palmitic acid, advanced glycation end products, mutation and carcinogenesis. Study Selection： We included data from peer-reviewed journals and a textbook printed in English on relationships between DNA damage and diabetes as well as pathophysiological factors in diabetes. Publications on relationships among DNA damage, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, were also reviewed. We organized this information into a conceptual framework to explain the possible causal relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis in diabetes. Results： There are a large amount of data supporting the view that DNA mutation is a typical feature in carcinogenesis. Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased production of reactive oxygen species, reduced levels of antioxidant capacity, and increased levels of DNA damage. The pathophysiological factors and metabolic milieu in diabetes can cause DNA damage such as DNA strand break and base modification （i.e., oxidation）. Emerging experimental data suggest that signal pathways （i.e., Akt/tuberin） link diabetes to DNA damage. This collective evidence indicates that diabetes is a pathophysiological state of oxidative stress and DNA damage which can lead to various types of mutation to cause aberration in cells and thereby increased cancer risk. Conclusions： This review highlights the interrelationships amongst diabetes, DNA damage, DNA mutation and carcinogenesis, which suggests that DNA damage can be a biological link between diabetes and cancer.

Objective：Clinical application ofautologous fat grafting （AFG） is quickly expanding.Despite the widely acceptance,long-term survival rate （SR） of AFG remains a question not yet solved.Meanwhile,although rare,severe complications related to AFG including vision loss,stroke even death could be seen in the literature.Data Sources：A comprehensive research of PubMed database to June 2013 was performed according to guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology.Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Study Selection：Data collected included patient characteristics,surgical technique,donor site,recipient site,graft amount,and quantified measurement methods.Patient cohorts were pooled,and SR was calculated.All the severe complications were also summarized according to the different clinical characteristics.Results：Of 550 articles,16 clinical articles and 10 animal studies met the inclusion criteria and provided quantified measurement methods.Totally,596 patients were included.SR varied from 34％ to 82％ in breast and 30-83％ in the facial area.Nude mice were applied to investigate human fat grafting SR （38.3-52.5％ after 15 weeks）.Rabbits were commonly used to study animal AFG SR （14.00-14.56％ after 1-year）.Totally,21 severe complications were reported,including death （2）,stroke （10）,vision loss （11,8 of which accompanied with stroke）,sepsis （3）,multiple abscess （1） and giant fat necrotic cyst （2）.Ten of these complications happened within 10 years.Conclusions：There is no unified measurement method to evaluate fat graft SR until now and no clinical evidence to show better SR according to different donor and recipient cite.Body mass index change between pre-and postoperation may be the bias factor in evaluating fat SR.Fat embolisms of the ophthalmic artery and the middle cerebral artery are the most severe complication of AFG and still lack of effective treatment.

Objective： The aim of this study was to summarize the interactions between hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and iron overload, and to understand the mechanisms of iron overload in chronic hepatitis C （CHC） and the role iron plays in HCV life cycle. Data Sources： This review was based on data in articles published in the PubMed databases up to January 28, 2017, with the keywords ＂hepatitis C virt, s＂, ＂iron overload＂, ＂iron metabolism＂, ＂hepcidin＂, ＂translation＂, and ＂＇replication＂. Study Selection： Articles related to iron metabolism, iron overload in patients with CHC, or the effects of iron on HCV life cycle were selected for the review. Results： Iron overload is common in patients with CHC. The mechanisms involve decreased hepcidin levels caused by HCV through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, naitogen-activated protein kinase, or bone morphogenetic protein/SMAD signaling pathways, and the altered expression of other iron-metabolism-related genes. Some studies found that iron increases HCV replication, while other studies found the opposite result. Most of the studies suggest the positive role of iron on HCV translation, the mechanisms of which involve increased expression levels of factors associated with HCV internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation, such as eukaryotic initiation factor 3 and La protein. Conclusion： The growing literature demonstrates that CHC leads to iron overload, and iron affects the HCV life cycle in turn. Further research should be conducted to clarify the mechanism involved in the complicated interaction between iron and HCV.

Objective：Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection.In this article,we reviewed the correlation between neutrophil dysfunction and sepsis.Data Sources：Articles published up to May 31,2016,were selected from the PubMed databases,with the keywords of＂neutrophil function＂,＂neutrophil dysfunction＂,and ＂sepsis＂.Study Selection：Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the neutrophil function in infection and neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis.Results：We emphasized the diagnosis of sepsis and its limitations.Pathophysiological mechanisms involve a generalized circulatory,immune,coagulopathic,and/or neuroendocrine response to infection.Many studies focused on neutrophil burst or cytokines.Complement activation,impairment ofneutrophil migration,and endothelial lesions are involved in this progress.Alterations of cytokines,chemokines,and other mediators contribute to neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis.Conclusions：Sepsis represents a severe derangement of the immune response to infection,resulting in neutrophil dysfunction.Neutrophil dysfunction promotes sepsis and even leads to organ failure.Mechanism studies,clinical practice,and strategies to interrupt dysregulated neutrophil function in sepsis are desperately needed.

Objective： The objective was to review the major di fferences of Huntington disease （HD） in Asian population fiom those in the Caucasian population. Data Sources： Data cited in this review were obtained from PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CN KI） fiom 1994 to 2014. All the papers were written in English or Chinese languages, with the terms of Asia/Asian, H D, genotype, epidemiology, phenotype, and treatment used for the literature search. Study Selection： From the PubMed database, we included the articles and reviews which contained the HD patients＇ data from Asian countries. From the CNKI, we excluded the papers which were not original research. Due to tile language＇s restrictions, those data published in other languages were not included. Results： In total, 50 papers were cited in this review, authors of which were from tile mainland of China, .lapan, India, Thailand, Taiwan （China）, Korea, and western countries. Conclusions： The lower epidemiology in Asians can be partly explained by the less cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats, different haplotypes, and CCG polymorphisms. For the physicians, atypical clinical profiles such as the initial symptom of ataxia, movement abnormalities of Parkinsonism, dystonia, or tics need to be paid more attention to and suggest gene testing if necessary. Moreover, some pathogenesis studies may help progress some new advanced treatments. The clinicians in Asian especially in China should promote the usage of genetic testing and put more effects in rehabilitation, palliative care, and offer comfort of patients and their families. The unified HD rating scale also needs to be popularized in Asia to assist in evaluating the progression of HD.

Objective：In the upcoming era of precision medicine,searching for the early,noninvasive biomarkers has been the cornerstone and major challenge in the management of chronic kidney disease （CKD）.Urine contains rich biological information which could be the ideal source for noninvasive biomarkers of CKD.This review will discuss the recent advance in urinary biomarker.Data Sources：This review was based on data in articles published in the PubMed databases up to June 20,2017,with the following keywords：＂Chronic kidney disease＂,＂Biomarker＂,and ＂Urine＂.Study Selection：Original articles and important reviews on urinary biomarker were selected for this review.Results：Urinary biomarker studies of CKD mainly focused on urine sediment,supernatant,and urinary extracellular vesicles.The gene transcript （microRNA [miRNA],messenger RNA [mRNA]） biomarkers have been recently shown with diagnostic potential for CKD reflecting kidney function and histological change.However,challenges regarding technique and data analysis need to be resolved before translation to clinic.Conclusions：Different fractions of urine contain rich information for biomarker discovery,among which urine （extracellular vesicles） mRNA,miRNA,might represent promising biomarker for CKD.

Objective：To summarize the clinical presentation,pathogenesis,neuroimaging,treatment,and outcome of stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy （SMART） syndrome,and to propose diagnostic criteria for this disorder.Data Sources：We searched the PubMed database for articles in English published from 1995 to 2015 using the terms of ＂stroke-like AND migraine AND radiation.＂ Reference lists of the identified articles and reviews were used to retrieve additional articles.Study Selection：Data and articles related to late-onset effects of cerebral radiation were selected and reviewed.Results：SMART is a rare condition that involves complex migraines with focal neurologic deficits following cranial irradiation for central nervous system malignancies.The recovery,which ranges from hours to days to weeks,can be partial or complete.We propose the following diagnostic criteria for SMART：（1） Remote history of therapeutic external beam cranial irradiation for malignancy;（2） prolonged,reversible clinical manifestations mostly years after irradiation,which may include migraine,seizures,hemiparesis,hemisensory deficits,visuospatial defect,aphasia,confusion and so on;（3） reversible,transient,unilateral cortical gadolinium enhancement correlative abnormal T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal of the affected cerebral region;（4） eventual complete or partial recovery,the length of duration of recovery ranging from hours to days to weeks;（5） no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor;（6） not attributable to another disease.To date,no specific treatment has been identified for this syndrome.Conclusions：SMART is an extremely rare delayed complication of brain irradiation.However,improvements in cancer survival rates have resulted in a rise in its frequency.Hence,awareness and recognition of the syndrome is important to make a rapid diagnosis and avoid aggressive interventions such as brain biopsy and cerebral angiography.