Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
3,656
result(s) for
"Puberty - physiology"
Sort by:
The neuroscience of adolescence
As scientific inquiry and public interest in the adolescent brain grows, so too does the need for an accessible textbook that communicates the growing research on this topic. 'The Neuroscience of Adolescence' is a comprehensive educational tool for developmental cognitive neuroscience students at all levels as it details the varying elements that shape the adolescent brain. Historical notions of adolescence have focused on the significant hormonal changes that occur as one transitions from childhood to adolescence, but new research has revealed a more nuanced picture that helps inform our understanding of how the brain functions across the lifespan. By emphasizing the biological and neurobiological changes that occur during adolescence, this book gives students a holistic understanding of this developmental window and uniquely discusses the policy implications of neuroscience research on the lives of young people today.
Book
Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players
While there is ample evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and stretching training on selected measures of physical fitness in young athletes, less is known on the mental well-being effects. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of NMT versus stretching training (ST) performed during the warm-up and active control (CG) on selected physical fitness measures and mental well-being in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between training-induced changes in physical fitness and mental well-being. Forty-six pubertal participants aged 12.2 ± 0.6 years were randomly allocated to NMT, ST, or CG. The eight-weeks NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, and change-of-direction (CoD) exercises. ST comprised four weeks of lower limbs static stretching followed by four weeks of dynamic stretching. The CG performed a soccer-specific warm-up. Training volumes were similar between groups. Pre-, and post-training, tests were scheduled to assess dynamic balance (Y-balance test), 15-m CoD speed, power (five-jump-test [FJT]), cognitive (CA), somatic anxiety (SA), and self-confidence (SC). Findings showed significant group-by-time interactions for all physical fitness measures (d = 1.00-3.23; p < 0.05) and mental well-being (d = 0.97-1.08; p < 0.05) tests. There were significant pre-post changes for all tested variables (d = 0.69-4.23; p < 0.05) in favor of NMT but not ST and CG. Pooled data indicated significant moderate correlations between training-induced performance changes in FJT and SA (r = −0.378, p < 0.05), FJT and SC (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) and 15-m CoD and SA (r = 0.393, p < 0.01). NMT but not ST or CG resulted in improved measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players. NMT performed during the warm-up is a safe and effective training method as it exerts positive effects on physical fitness and self-confidence as well as the coping of anxiety in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players.
Journal Article
Growing up : it's a girl thing : straight talk about first bras, first periods, and your changing body
A guide for pre-adolescent girls to the changes that puberty brings to their bodies, including information about menstruation.
Book
Effects of neuromuscular versus plyometric training on physical fitness and mental well-being in male pubertal soccer players
Neuromuscular training (NMT) and plyometric training (PT) are commonly used during long-term athlete development, yet their relative effects on physical fitness and mental well-being are not fully understood. This study compared 8 weeks of NMT versus PT on physical fitness, mental well-being, emotional intelligence, and attention in pubertal male soccer players and explored associations between training-induced changes in these domains. Twenty-four male soccer players (12.3–12.5 years, circa-peak height velocity: − 0.7 to − 0.8) were randomly assigned to NMT or PT. Both groups trained twice weekly in addition to regular soccer practice. NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, change-of-direction, and agility exercises, while PT focused on bilateral and unilateral jump-landing drills. Training volumes were matched. Physical fitness tests included the five-time jump test, 20-m sprint, and 15-m change-of-direction speed test. Mental well-being outcomes included cognitive and somatic anxiety, self-confidence, attention, and emotional intelligence. PT led to larger improvements in jump, sprint, and change-of-direction speed performances, whereas NMT produced greater gains in self-confidence, anxiety regulation, attention, and emotional intelligence. A graphical summary illustrates the distinct physical and psychological adaptations to PT and NMT, highlighting their complementary nature. The observed fitness improvements significantly correlated with changes in psychological outcomes. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning professionals should prioritize PT when aiming to enhance physical fitness and NMT when targeting psychological well-being, supporting a holistic approach to athletic development in pubertal soccer players.
Journal Article
Hormonal and inflammatory responses in prepubertal vs. pubertal male children following an acute free-weight resistance training session
Purpose
Examine the acute hormonal and cytokine responses to free-weight resistance training in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children.
Methods
Prepubertal (n = 21; age 11.4 ± 1.1 years; Tanner I–II) and pubertal male children (n = 20; age 15.8 ± 0.7 years; Tanner III–V) conducted a moderate-intensity free-weight resistance training program to failure with venous blood sampling before (pre), immediately after (post) and during the recovery phase of the program (post-15,-30 min). Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed in serum samples. Biological maturation was assessed according to the stages of the Tanner scale.
Results
There was a significant time-by-group interaction in IGF-I response (
p
= 0.044; η
2
= 0.209) and testosterone (
p
< 0.001; η
2
= 0.508), indicating a greater change in the pubertal group compared to the prepubertal group. Both groups significantly increased post-exercise GH levels (
p
< 0.05). Only the prepuberal group significantly increased levels of IL-6 at all post-exercise time points (
p
< 0.05). Both groups showed a significant (
p
< 0.05) increase in TNF-α levels compared to resting levels.
Conclusion
These data suggest that acute testosterone and IGF-I response following resistance training differ between trained prepubertal and pubertal male children. Moderate-intensity resistance training performed to failure may thus have different effects in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children, which should be considered when giving training advice.
Trial registration
Clinical trials number: NCT05022992.
Journal Article
Effects of In-Season Plyometric Training Within Soccer Practice on Explosive Actions of Young Players
Meylan, C and Malatesta D. Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. J Strength Cond Res 23(9)2605-2613, 2009-In soccer, explosive actions such as jumping, sprinting, and changes of direction are essential to optimal performance not only in adults, but also in childrenʼs games. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the influence of a short-term plyometric training within regular soccer practice on explosive actions of early pubertal soccer players during the in-season. Fourteen children (13.3 ± 0.6 years) were selected as the training group (TG) and 11 children (13.1 ± 0.6 years) were defined as the control group (CG). All children were playing in the same league and trained twice per week for 90 minutes with the same soccer drills. The TG followed an 8-week plyometric program (i.e., jumping, hurdling, bouncing, skipping, and footwork) implemented as a substitute for some soccer drills to obtain the same session duration as CG. At baseline and after training, explosive actions were assessed with the following 6 tests10-meter sprint, agility test, 3 vertical jump tests (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], contact test [CT] and multiple 5 bounds test [MB5]). Plyometric training was associated with significant decreases in 10-m sprint time (−2.1%) and agility test time (−9.6%) and significant increases in jump height for the CMJ (+7.9%) and CT (+10.9%). No significant changes in explosive actions after the 8-week period were recorded for the CG. The current study demonstrated that a plyometric program within regular soccer practice improved explosive actions of young players compared to conventional soccer training only. Therefore, the short-term plyometric program had a beneficial impact on explosive actions, such as sprinting, change of direction, and jumping, which are important determinants of match-winning actions in soccer performance.
Journal Article
Airway Responsiveness in Mild to Moderate Childhood Asthma: Sex Influences on the Natural History
Airway responsiveness is a prognostic marker for asthma symptoms in later life.
To evaluate characteristics responsible for persistence of airway responsiveness in children with asthma.
A total of 1,041 children, initially aged 5-12 years, with mild to moderate persistent asthma enrolled in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) were studied prospectively for 8.6 +/- 1.8 years with methacholine challenges yearly.
Least squares geometric mean models were fit to determine effects of sex and age on airway responsiveness (provocative concentration producing 20% decrease in FEV(1) [PC(20)]). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors at baseline and over time, which were associated with PC(20) at end of follow-up. A total of 7,748 methacholine challenges were analyzed. PC(20) increased with age, with boys having greater increase after age 11 years than girls (P < 0.001). The divergence coincided with the mean age for Tanner stage 2. Postpubertal girls had greater airway responsiveness, even after adjustment for FEV(1) and other potential confounders. Although multivariable regression analyses noted a variety of factors that influenced airway responsivness in both sexes, a history of hay fever (beta= -0.30, P = 0.005), respiratory allergy (beta= -0.32, P = 0.006), or recent inhaled corticosteroid usage (beta= -0.18, P = 0.02) were associated with decrements in final log PC(20) only in girls.
Airway responsiveness (PC(20)) is more severe in the postpubertal female with asthma than in males. Although there are factors associated with airway responsiveness in both males and females, sex-specific factors may contribute to new insights into asthma pathogenesis.
Journal Article
Effect of whole body vibration training on bone mineral density and bone quality in adolescents with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Summary
Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) have poorer bone health than their peers without DS. Twenty-five adolescents with DS were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration training (WBV) or control groups. The results indicate that a 20-week WBV might be useful to improve subtotal bone mineral content and density in adolescents with DS.
Introduction
This study aims to determine the effects of 20 weeks of whole body vibration training (WBV) on bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), and structure variables in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS).
Methods
This randomized controlled trial of 25 adolescents (12–18 years) with DS (8 females) generated 2 non-equal groups, WBV group (
n
= 11) and CON group (
n
= 14). Using an efficacy analysis, the primary outcomes were BMC and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the secondary were bone structure variables by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. A synchronous vibration platform (PowerPlate®) was used (3/week, 10 repetitions (30–60 s) 1-min rest, frequency of 25–30 Hz, and peak-to-peak displacement of 2 mm (peak acceleration 2.5–3.6 g)).
Results
WBV group improved whole body BMC 2.8 %, 95 % CI [3.5, 2.1], subtotal area, BMC, and BMD by 2.8, 4.8, and 2 %, respectively, 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) [3.4, 2.1], [6.5, 3.1], and [2.8, 1.1], respectively (all,
p
< 0.05), showing group by time interactions in BMC and BMD (both
p
< 0.05). Lumbar spine BMC and BMD also increased in the WBV group by 6.6 and 3.3 % both
p
< 0.05, 95 % CIs [8.6, 4.7], and [4.9, 1.7], respectively. Regarding bone structure, WBV group showed improvements in tibial BMC at 4 % (2.9 %, 95 % CI [3.0, 2.8]) and in volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical vBMD, and cortical thickness at 66 % of the radius (by 7.0, 2.4, and 10.9 %; 95 % CIs [7.4, 6.7], [2.6, 2.3], and [12.4, 9.3], respectively) (all,
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
A 20-week WBV, with this protocol, might be useful to improve subtotal BMC and BMD in adolescents with DS.
Journal Article
“Bounce at the Bell”: a novel program of short bouts of exercise improves proximal femur bone mass in early pubertal children
Objectives: To examine the effects of a simple and inexpensive physical activity intervention on change in bone mass and structure in school aged children. Methods: Fifty one children (n = 23 boys and 28 girls; mean age 10.1 years) participated in “Bounce at the Bell” which consisted of 10 counter-movement jumps 3× per day (total ∼3 min/day). Controls were 71 matched children who followed usual school practice. We assessed dietary calcium, physical activity, physical performance, and anthropometry in September and after 8 months of intervention (June). We measured bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area at the lumbar spine, total body, and proximal femur. Proximal femur scans were also analysed for bone geometry and structural strength using the hip structural analysis program. Lean and fat mass (g) were also calculated. Results: Groups were similar at baseline and did not differ in weight, height, total body, lumbar spine, proximal femur, or femoral neck BMC. Control children had a greater increase in adjusted total body BMC (1.4%). Intervention children gained significantly more BMC at the total proximal femur (2%) and the intertrochanteric region (27%). Change in bone structural parameters did not differ between groups. Conclusions: This novel, easily implemented exercise program, took only a few minutes each day and enhanced bone mass at the weight bearing proximal femur in early pubertal children. A large, randomised study of boys and girls should be undertaken powered to test the effectiveness of Bounce at the Bell in children at different stages of maturity, and in boys and girls independently.
Journal Article
A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study
Obese children are exposed to short and long-term health consequences, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. For these reasons, the prevention and treatment of obesity in the pediatric population is a challenge for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intensive intervention based on diet and physical activity has a better impact on the auxological and biochemical parameters than standard care (intervention). The study included 20 children (six boys, 14 girls), of the mean age 8.9 (SD 1.4) before puberty. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (starting treatment with intensive intervention), and II (starting treatment with standard intervention). After three months, the groups were switched. The comparison of the two interventions in the study group indicates a better effectiveness of intensive intervention in the improvement of anthropometric parameters and majority of biochemical ones (except for insulin concentration, HOMA IR index and LDL cholesterol). As the result of intensive intervention, the mean % of weight-to-height excess and hip circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.005). Our results confirm that complex intervention based on systematic control visits, including personalized dietitian counselling and physician care, during the weight reduction process is more effective than a one-off standard visit.
Journal Article