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The history and architecture of Cardiff Civic Centre : black gold, white city
Cardiff's Civic Centre, described as the finest in the British Isles, is an impressive planned group of public buildings, begun largely with wealth created by the coal industry in the south Wales coalfield. This book contains detailed architectural descriptions of all the buildings in the civic center, such as Cardiff City Hall and the National Museum and Gallery of Wales. The book includes specially prepared maps and plans showing how the center developed over two centuries as well as rich descriptions and accounts of its development that highlight one of Wales's most striking cultural landmarks.
Book
Exploitation of Mediterranean Cooperation Projects’ Tools for the Development of Public Buildings’ Energy Efficiency Plans at Local Level: A Case Study in Greece
Ever since European Directive 2012/27/EU, particular attention has been focused on the improvement of the energy efficiency of the public building stock. According to the directive, local public authorities, regions and municipalities, are expected to develop and implement energy efficiency retrofitting plans for their public building stocks. While conducting such plans, important challenges are raised mainly related to data collection and the manipulation of key performance indicators (KPIs) for many buildings. The present paper deals with the aforementioned challenges through (a) the evaluation of freely available tools developed in the framework of Mediterranean territorial cooperation projects, with respect to the main pillars of energy efficiency planning, and (b) the introduction of a stepwise methodology using selected tools toward a reliable energy efficiency plan extending from the classification of the building stock to the prioritization of projects in terms of a gradual renovation plan based on energy and cost criteria. The methodology is applied for a case study in Greece, which refers to 10 public buildings of the Municipality of Aigialeia in Greece. A reliable renovation plan is developed, taking into account the municipal authority’s directions in a specialized decision-making scheme. It is concluded that the suggested methodology is very practical for planning purposes, while for the case studied, a 6-year gradual renovation plan is emerged until a deep retrofit of all buildings, associated with an estimated primary energy saving and CO2 emissions avoidance of more than 1850 MWh and 400 tns, respectively, with a total investment of about EUR 3 million.
Journal Article
An extended STIRPAT model-based methodology for evaluating the driving forces affecting carbon emissions in existing public building sector: evidence from China in 2000–2015
Productive building energy efficiency work is a non-ignored booster to achieve the sustainable development in China, and evaluating the driving forces of carbon emissions in Chinese public buildings (CECPB) plays a crucial role in China building energy efficiency work. Nevertheless, China building energy efficiency work is currently challenged by the lack of effective approaches to evaluating the driving forces affecting CECPB at a quantitative level. To improve the carbon emission control strategy of Chinese public buildings, this study utilized the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model and ridge regression analysis to evaluate the driving forces affecting CECPB from 2000 to 2015. This study has three main results: (1) All of the five driving forces (i.e., population, urbanization level, floor area per capita of existing Chinese public buildings, GDP index in the Chinese tertiary industry sector, and carbon emission intensity in Chinese public buildings) have positive contributions to CECPB during the period of 2000–2015. (2) The different contributions of the aforementioned driving forces can be expressed by their different
β
values in decreasing order, as follows: floor area per capita of existing Chinese public buildings (21.12%), population (20.98%), urbanization level (20.81%), carbon emission intensity in Chinese public buildings (20.20%), and GDP index in the Chinese tertiary industry sector (19.44%). (3) The goodness of fit for the final ridge regression analysis proves that the proposed evaluation method is also applicable for evaluating these driving forces at a subitem level. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating the driving forces affecting CECPB using the STIRPAT model and ridge regression analysis and fills the research gap. The discoveries of this study can impel the development of the carbon emission control strategy of Chinese public buildings for the upcoming phase.
Journal Article
Yale University : an architectural tour
\"Author and photographer Patrick L. Pinnell beautifully captures Yale's and New Haven's architecture and urbanism across more than 300 years. The guide also reveals much about the academic aspirations and educational philosophy that helped shape the buildings of Yale. The visitor will be guided on an insider's tour of the campus, and alumni will delight in new insights about their alma mater\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Low-Carbon Retrofitting Path of Existing Public Buildings: A Comparative Study Based on Green Building Rating Systems
Existing building carbon emissions contribute to global climate change significantly. Various Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) have considered low-carbon requirements to regulate the emissions. Low-carbon retrofitting is an important way to reduce existing building CO2 emissions. However, low-carbon retrofitting of existing public buildings is not sufficient and systematic, and there is a lack of research on low-carbon retrofitting from the perspective of GBRS. The purpose of this study is to propose a carbon emission control framework for existing public buildings based on GBRS analysis and guide the low-carbon retrofitting. This study makes comparisons among the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Green Mark (GM), and Assessment Standard for Green Retrofitting of Existing Buildings (ASGREB). A low-carbon retrofit pathway for existing public buildings is proposed from the GBRS research for the first time, encompassing six aspects: materials, energy, management, innovation, site, and water, involving 15 measures. Among them, measures on energy and materials are the main considerations, with weights of 18.3% and 17.7%, respectively. Six recommendations for implementation pathways are also given. Furthermore, the necessary measures, the importance of local context and quantification, priorities of materials, and energy scopes are defined.
Journal Article
The Handbook of Sustainable Refurbishment
The refurbishment of existing buildings is a crucial yet often neglected subject within sustainable architecture; attention is usually focused on new buildings. Many old buildings waste large amounts of energy and provide poor internal conditions for occupants through poor lighting, poor ventilation, solar penetration and glare, and poor control of heating and cooling. Demolition is an option but the refurbishment alternative is increasingly seen as more sustainable in terms of architectural value, materials use, neighbourhood disruption and waste disposal. In addition, the potential impact of low energy refurbishment is much greater than that for new build since there are many more buildings already in existence than will be built in the next 10 - 20 years, the period over which many CO2 emission targets apply.
The Handbook of Sustainable Refurbishment: Non-Domestic Buildings offers architects, engineers and a wide range of building professionals practical advice, illustrated by real examples. It moves from principles of sustainable refurbishment to specific design and engineering guidance for a variety of circumstances. It emphasises the need for an integrated approach by showing how refurbishment measures interact with one another and with the occupants, and how performance is ultimately influenced by this interaction.
eBook
Energy consumption characteristics and evaluation of public buildings in Tianjin, China
•The energy consumption characteristics of typical public buildings is analyzed.•The energy consumption level of different types of public buildings are compared.•The energy-saving measures of public buildings is proposed by analyzing the factors.
In order to analyze the impact of heat source type and building function on the energy consumption level and distribution characteristics, find out the existing problems, and provide scientific guidance for the selection of heat source type and the optimization of operation strategy of public buildings in Tianjin, China, the building structure information, cold and heat source type and operation energy consumption data of 195 public buildings are collected by on-site investigation and statistics. The heating energy consumption and non-heating energy consumption are analyzed by graphical method and quartile method. The results show that the heat source of urban central heating accounted for the highest proportion, 63.07 %. The building energy consumption using coal-fired boiler is the highest, which is 109.61 kWh/(m2∙a), and the building energy consumption using ground source heat pump is the lowest, which is 31.90 kWh/(m2∙a). In different types of public buildings, the energy consumption of school buildings is the lowest, which is 24.53 kWh/(m2⋅a), and the distribution is the most concentrated, while the energy consumption of cultural places is the highest, which is 81.64 kWh/(m2⋅a), and the distribution is the most scattered. Through on-site investigation, some problems in building envelope, energy supply equipment and operation methods are found out, and corresponding energy-saving measures are put forward, which provides guidance for reducing energy consumption of public buildings.
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Journal Article