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International handbook on mega-projects
The expert contributors explore how decisions are made at different stages in mega-projects and the multi-actor relationships between public and private partners. They evaluate the perspectives and pitfalls in determining the costs and benefits of a mega-project ex ante, and examine the wider impacts of mega-projects, including issues such as regional growth, energy transition and climate change. Although the focus is on the advanced economies of North America, Europe, and Australia, much of the material is useful for other parts of the world where large transport infrastructure projects are currently underway or will be developed in the coming years. Providing crucial background information for those who want to understand decision-making processes on large transport infrastructure projects, this fascinating Handbook will prove an important source of information for academics, researchers and students in the fields of transport, infrastructure, project management, management science, economic analysis (cost-benefit analysis), public policy, environmental policy and ethics. Practitioners, politicians and policymakers involved in large transport infrastructure projects will also find this book to be an invaluable reference tool. -- Publisher description.
Book
Why (not) abolish fares? Exploring the global geography of fare-free public transport
Although the policy of abolishing fares in public transport—here referred to as “fare-free public transport” (FFPT)—exists in nearly 100 localities worldwide, it has not been thoroughly researched. To start filling this gap, I enhance the conceptual clarity about fare abolition. I start by providing a definition of FFPT, discussing its different forms, and introducing a distinction between “partial” FFPT and—the main focus of the paper—“full” FFPT. Next, I distinguish three perspectives on full FFPT—first, approaches that assess fare abolition primarily against its economic impact; second, analyses that look at its contribution to “sustainable” development; third, more critical arguments highlighting its politically transformative and socially just potential. Against the background of this debate I offer the most comprehensive inventory of full FFPT programmes to date, and begin to chart and examine their global geography. As a result, FFPT emerges as a policy that takes diverse forms and exists in diverse locations. Supported and contested by diverse rationales, it cannot be analysed as transport instrument alone.
Journal Article
Eliminating serious injury and death from road transport : a crisis of complacency
\"The book explodes the myths that currently drive society's view of traffic safety and limit progress in reducing death and serious injury. It presents current scientific knowledge in a non-technical way and draws parallels with other areas of public safety and public health. It uses examples from the media and from public policy debates to paint a clear picture of a flawed public policy approach and offers preventive medicine principles to take the field forward\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Review of the Public Transport Services Based on the Blockchain Technology
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the technical aspects and challenges in existing public transport services. This review highlights the challenges and solutions for the main subsystems of public transport services, being focused on the influence of public transportation in an urban area with high demographics to identify solutions based on blockchain technology for future development of the current management platforms. More than 2000 research papers, published since 2018 and until now, have been analyzed in Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used for the analysis of blockchain integration in public transport are related to technology, services, management, the use of electric vehicles, and the impact of public transport on the environment. In this research, we analyzed why there is a need for integrating the blockchain technologies in public transport.
Journal Article
The privatisation and nationalisation of European roads : success and failure in public-private partnerships
This distinctive and timely book examines the current state and trends in the ownership, management and financing of European high capacity roads. Offering an analysis of three pioneer countries in road privatization, Spain, France and Italy, from their origins to their recent developments, it evaluates how the design of privatisation policies may lead to their success or failure. Describing the trend in favouring public-private collaboration and road charging, Professor Daniel Albalate presents the theoretical framework of road privatisation and its relevant design issues. Exhaustively studying the national experiences in historical perspective, he aims at providing lessons on the good, the bad and the ugly of road privatisation. As a result, this excellent study shows the increasing role of private financing and ownership in Europe, a trend mainly explained by fiscal motivations and the thrust of the European Commission. Presenting an evaluation of the critical elements of the contractual and regulatory design of the public-private collaboration that determines the likelihood of success and failure, this unique book will be of special interest to academics, graduate students and policy makers interested in the public provision and financing of road infrastructure, and public finance more generally. --Publisher description.
Book
The Importance of Public Transport for Mobility and Everyday Activities among Rural Residents
A lack of transport opportunities has been shown to be a barrier for accessibility and social inclusion in contemporary society. In rural and sparsely populated areas, access to public transport is often poor compared to urban areas, leading to fewer possibilities to participate in normal relationships and activities among rural dwellers. Based on qualitative interviews with rural dwellers in Sweden, the aim of this study was to explore how access to transport can meet the needs of mobility and activity participation in everyday life and how different modes of transport are being used. The study has been permeated by the time-geographical perspective, which considers people’s use of time and space and the restrictions they face in order to carry out activities, including travel. The results show that travel by private car plays a central role in realizing everyday activities for rural dwellers, as well as a perception of the car as being the norm in contemporary society. Frequent car use is the consequence of a combination of time-space restrictions, habit, and a lack of services, activities, and public transport in rural areas. Poor public transport services limit children’s and adolescents’ independent mobility in particular. Further, the physical environment influences the ability to use public transport, for example if roads and bus stops are seen as unsafe. Based on the results of the study, several measures and improvements are proposed that could increase mobility and accessibility in rural areas and reduce car dependency.
Journal Article
The prospects of fare-free public transport: evidence from Tallinn
The subsidy level of public transport systems varies considerably among systems worldwide. While limited-scale free-fare public transport (FFPT) services such as limited campaigns and fare evasion for special groups or specific services are prevalent, there is only limited evidence on the consequences of introducing a full-fledged FFPT. The case of Tallinn, Estonia offers a full-scale experiment that provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impacts of FFPT. This study examines travel pattern changes based on individual travel habit survey shortly before and almost 1 year after the introduction of FFPT policy in Tallinn based on interviews and travel diaries of a random sample of 1500 household. We analyse modal shift effects and whether they are driven by trip generation or trip substitution, travel attitudes and satisfactions as well as impacts on equity, employment prospects, and trip destination choices. Almost a year after the introduction of FFPT, public transport usage increased by 14 % and there is evidence that the mobility of low-income residents has improved. The effect of FFPT on ridership is substantially lower than those reported in previous studies due to the good level of service provision, high public transport usage and low public transport fees that existed already prior to the FFPT.
Journal Article
Regional public transport integration in Lithuania
Regional public transport organization helps to avoid additional route coordination, public transport service should not be limited to the boundaries of municipalities, which is currently regulated by the Law on Local Self-Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Cooperation shortens the organization time, optimizes costs and promotes efficiency. The regional transport service network or individual routes are prepared and operated based on available unified qualitative and quantitative data, insights, and proposals. The purpose of the study is to compare and assess the level of integration of public transport between the city and the ring municipality according to selected criteria. The study was conducted by analyzing the strategic planning documents of 3 main ring municipalities of Lithuania and surveys of residents conducted during the planning processes. When comparing the three ring municipalities of Lithuania according to the selected criteria, the highest level of public transport integration was achieved in Klaipėda district municipality, where all the main integration indicators were achieved.
Article in Lithuanian.
Regioninė viešojo transporto integracija Lietuvoje
Santrauka
Regioninis viešojo transporto organizavimas padeda išvengti papildomo maršrutų derinimo, viešojo transporto paslauga neturėtų būti ribojama savivaldybių ribų, tai dabar reglamentuojama LR vietos savivaldos įstatymu. Bendradarbiaujant sutrumpinamas organizavimo laikas, optimizuojamos sąnaudos bei skatinamas efektyvumas. Regioninio transporto paslaugų tinklas ar atskiri maršrutai yra rengiami ir eksploatuojami remiantis turimais bendrais kokybiniais ir kiekybiniais duomenimis, įžvalgomis, pasiūlymais. Tyrimo tikslas –pagal pasirinktus kriterijus palyginti ir įvertinti viešojo transporto tarp miesto ir žiedinės savivaldybės integracijos lygį. Tyrimas darytas analizuojant 3 pagrindinių žiedinių Lietuvos savivaldybių strateginius planavimo dokumentus, planavimo procesuose atliktas gyventojų apklausas. Pagal pasirinktus kriterijus lyginant tris Lietuvos žiedines savivaldybes didžiausias viešojo transporto integracijos lygis pasiektas Klaipėdos rajono savivaldybėje, kur pasiekti visi pagrindiniai integracijos rodikliai.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: viešasis transportas, regioninė integracija, viešojo transporto duomenys, transporto planavimas.
Journal Article
Artificial intelligence for improving public transport: a mapping study
The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the potential of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve Public Transport (PT), by reviewing research literature. The selection process resulted in 87 scientific publications constituting a sample of how AI has been applied to improve PT. The review shows that the primary aims of using AI are to improve the service quality or to better understand traveller behaviour. Train and bus are the dominant modes of transport investigated. Furthermore, AI is mainly used for three tasks; the most frequent one is prediction, followed by an estimation of the current state, and resource allocation, including planning and scheduling. Only two studies concern automation; all the others provide different kinds of decision support for travellers, PT operators, PT planners, or municipalities. Most of the reviewed AI solutions require significant amounts of data related to the travellers and the PT system. Machine learning is the most frequently used AI technology, with some studies applying reasoning or heuristic search techniques. We conclude that there still remains a great potential of using AI to improve PT waiting to be explored, but that there are also some challenges that need to be considered. They are often related to data, e.g., that large datasets of high quality are needed, that substantial resources and time are needed to pre-process the data, or that the data compromise personal privacy. Further research is needed about how to handle these issues efficiently.
Journal Article
Explaining walking distance to public transport
Potential influences on explaining walking distance from home to access public transport are investigated, including trip and demographic characteristics and public transport supply. In Sydney, Australia, people walk farther to the train than to the bus, the distributions of walking distances are different for each mode, and the trip and demographic characteristics of train and bus users are different. Given the decision to walk to public transport, demographic characteristics such as age, gender, income, and labor force status and trip characteristics such as trip purpose, time of day and week, fare and ticket type, and trip duration are not significant in explaining walking distance to each mode of public transport. The mode of the public transport trip is the most important determinant of walking distance, reflecting the different supply and spacing of each mode. For instance, there are many more bus stops than train stations. The differences between train and bus users suggest that accessibility initiatives for public transport might not be the same for each mode.
Journal Article