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Kadın giyimi aksesuarlarından biri olan el çantaları ile türdeşi para keseleri, bulundukları dönemin ruhunu, yaşam stilini ve kültürel zenginliğini gösteren maddi kültür unsurları arasındadır. Çalışma, çanta ve keselerin tarihî gelişim sürecine ve tasarım özelliklerine odaklanırken aynı zamanda her iki aksesuarı birbiriyle kıyaslayarak incelemek9 tedir. Bu kıyaslamada çanta ve keseyi önemli kılan, Zürih kökenli çantalar ile Bayburt kökenli keselerin nesneleri taşımalarının ötesinde aynı koleksiyonda yer almaları ve yapıldıkları dönemin stil, tür, malzeme ve teknik özellikleri hakkında önemli ip ipuçları sunmalarıdır. Farklı iki kültürün sosyal yaşam gereklilikleri çerçevesinde gelişen çanta ve keselerin çeşitli özellikler bakımından ele alınmasının kadın aksesuarlarının tasarımsal özelliklerinin anlaşıla9 bilmesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden etnografik araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma iki aşamada gerçek9 leştirilmiş, birinci aşamada konunun ana hatları ile ele alındığı tarihî veriler toplanmış, ardından veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile koleksiyon bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. İkinci aşamada çanta ve keselerin ölçü, form, dokuma, süsleme ve dikim teknikleri araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen bilgi kartlarıyla detaylandırılmış, son olarak elde edilen bilgiler tarihî ve tasarımsal arka plan okumalarıyla tartışılmıştır. Böylece bu çalışma ile tarihî öneme sahip hem yurt içi hem de yurt dışı kökenli farklı kültürlere ait çanta ve türdeşi keseler aynı araştırmada çeşitli yönleri ile ele alınmış ve ileride yapılacak benzer çalışmalar için bir kaynak oluşturulmuştur.

Monitoring and managing fisheries bycatch is increasingly recognized as a critical component of robust fisheries management frameworks. This review, addressing this subject, begins by defining bycatch and analyzing the reasons it happens, from accidental to intentional discarding. It identifies the most common species composing bycatch of the main tuna fisheries using purse seine and longline gear. Considerations of options available to estimate bycatch, their potential biases and uncertainties, and ways to address these issues are discussed. The formulas used to estimate bycatch also point to the options to reduce them, lowering bycatch per unit of effort or lowering effort itself. It shows that a mean can be reduced by reducing all its component figures, or by eliminating the high values at the extreme of the distribution (i.e., where a small proportion of events causes a large proportion of the problem), a common issue in bycatch. A generic strategy is described that can be applied to all gears and fisheries, and it is then described for the fisheries of interest, showing examples of its application. These cover many mitigation actions based on gear and operational changes. Management options aiming at reducing bycatch are also mentioned. A detailed description of the ways the strategy has been implemented for purse seiners and longliners is provided. Finally, market strategies, education and awareness of stakeholders, mainly fishers, and some potential future developments are briefly described.

This research introduces \"brand prominence,\" a construct reflecting the conspicuousness of a brand's mark or logo on a product. The authors propose a taxonomy that assigns consumers to one of four groups according to their wealth and need for status, and they demonstrate how each group's preference for conspicuously or inconspicuously branded luxury goods corresponds predictably with their desire to associate or dissociate with members of their own and other groups. Wealthy consumers low in need for status want to associate with their own kind and pay a premium for quiet goods only they can recognize. Wealthy consumers high in need for status use loud luxury goods to signal to the less affluent that they are not one of them. Those who are high in need for status but cannot afford true luxury use loud counterfeits to emulate those they recognize to be wealthy. Field experiments along with analysis of market data (including counterfeits) support the proposed model of status signaling using brand prominence.

The Indian Ocean Tuna Commission expresses concern over the overfished state and susceptibility to the overfishing of yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ). Acknowledging the challenges of increased fishing effort in a profitable fishery, our study aims to understand factors influencing French purse seine fishing vessel dynamics. Our primary goal is to assess purse seine vessel utilisation with recent catch limits and compliance with the European Union Common Fisheries Policy, which mandates measures to align fishing capacity with opportunities to sustain fish stocks at maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Using Data Envelopment Analysis, we evaluate the relationship between vessel fishing capacity to catch limits and the MSY reference point for yellowfin tuna. Findings indicate that the French fleet could meet catch limits with approximately 21% fewer vessels if fully utilised and 26% fewer if reduced to meet their equivalent MSY share. Aligning capacity with fishing opportunities is crucial for the profitability and preservation of these essential tuna populations, resulting in more sustainable and economically viable fisheries. Graphical abstract

The Sea of Marmara (SoM) holds significant importance for both local and regional fisheries due to its characteristic as a semi-enclosed sea on the migratory route of small and medium pelagic fish. While this area sees active fishing with numerous small-scale vessels and approximately 150 purse seiners, there has been a noticeable absence of research on the spatial and temporal distribution of intense fishing pressure in this relatively small sea. Concerns regarding the sustainability of purse seining in the region, specifically in relation to its potential interaction with the seafloor, have emerged over time. This study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of purse seine fishing effort in the Sea of Marmara (SoM) from 2012 to 2022. The objectives were to identify the locations of concentrated purse seine fishing effort, determine if these clusters were statistically significant hotspots, and uncover any spatio-temporal variations in fishing activity. To address these issues, this study assessed the apparent fishing effort of purse seiners from 2012 to 2022 using data from Global Fishing Watch. Various statistical tools of geographic information systems (ArcGIS and QGIS) were applied to achieve the following. identify the locations where apparent clusters of purse seine fishing effort were concentrated in the SoM; determine if these identified clusters were statistically significant hotspots; and uncover any spatio-temporal variations in fishing activity. The analyses revealed persistent and intensifying purse seine fishing efforts concentrated in the eastern sector of the SoM. This area includes ecologically sensitive habitats and serves as a habitat for vulnerable species, such as Posidonia meadows, Pinna nobilis , and Octocorals. Additionally, it was found that 50% of the fishing effort occurred in areas shallower than 50 m, raising public concerns about the protection of these specific zones. The findings indicate significant and increasing fishing pressure in the eastern sector of the SoM, posing potential risks to sensitive marine habitats and vulnerable species. These results underscore the need for targeted management strategies to ensure the sustainability of purse seine fishing and the protection of critical habitats in the SoM.

The escalating impact of anthropogenic activities on global climate patterns necessitates urgent measures to reduce emissions, with the maritime industry playing a pivotal role. This article aims to examine the adoption of International Maritime Organization energy efficiency measures for the often-overlooked fishing vessels and their contribution to the overall maritime decarbonization efforts. The article analyzes the attained technical efficiency indices of a case study large-scale fishing vessel and compares them with those of two cargo ships where IMO measures already apply. To support the proposal, a comprehensive analysis of the energy efficiency indices of eight large purse seine fishing vessels is also presented. The results show that large-scale fishing vessels of 400 GT and above could be subject to the IMO energy efficiency measures. The operational challenges, unique to the fishing sector, suggest that sector-specific considerations may be required to integrate the fishing fleet into the already existing IMO energy efficiency guidelines. Looking ahead, this article explores the benefits of aligning Regulation (EU) 2023/957 and IMO guidelines, as well as applying the IMO Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) in assessing the operational environmental impact of fishing operations, emphasizing the importance of including these vessels in the current regulatory frameworks to promote decarbonization.

The purse seine fishery in the Mediterranean represents about 60% of the international catch for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Yet, tagging operations from this segment of the fisheries remain rare and despite its potential importance for management, several aspects related to the migratory behavior of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna from these areas remain unaddressed. In the present manuscript, we report the results of two tagging operations carried out on a commercial purse seiner during two consecutive years in the spawning ground around the Maltese islands in the Central Mediterranean Sea. During these operations, eight individuals were tagged and the results showed that the larger fish (> 200 cm) undertook large-scale migrations outside the Mediterranean, whereas smaller individuals did not. This study suggests that size might affect the migratory behavior of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, and underlines the potential of large-scale tagging operations from spawning grounds to address scientific questions having significant management implications.

Past research shows that luxury products can function to boost self-esteem, express identity, and signal status. We propose that luxury products also have important signaling functions in relationships. Whereas men use conspicuous luxury products to attract mates, women use such products to deter female rivals. Drawing on both evolutionary and cultural perspectives, five experiments investigated how women’s luxury products function as a signaling system directed at other women who pose threats to their romantic relationships. Findings showed that activating a motive to guard one’s mate triggered women to seek and display lavish possessions. Additional studies revealed that women use pricey possessions to signal that their romantic partner is especially devoted to them. In turn, flaunting designer handbags and shoes was effective at deterring other women from poaching a relationship partner. This research identifies a novel function of conspicuous consumption, revealing that luxury products and brands play important roles in relationships.

Purpose Despite Schau et al.’s (2009) pioneering research addressing consumers’ community engagement practices, scholarly understanding of the nature and dynamics characterizing consumers’ engagement practices in virtual (online) brand communities, and their inter-relationships, is limited to date. Building on these authors’ study, this paper aims to develop a refined typology and process model of virtual brand community engagement practices (VBCEPs). Design/methodology/approach Using the netnographic methodology, the authors analyze 20 luxury handbag community members’ entries posted on the brand’s particular section of The Purse Forum. Findings The authors develop an eight-component VBCEP typology that refines Schau et al.’s (2009) four-component model of brand community engagement practices. The model comprises “greeting”, “regulating”, “assisting”, “celebrating”, “appreciating”, “empathizing”, “mingling” and “ranking”. These practices contribute to and maintain the community’s vision and identity, and strengthen shared community consciousness. Research limitations/implications A key limitation of this research lies in its findings being generated from a single, luxury virtual brand community. Future research may thus wish to validate the VBCEP typology and model across different contexts. Practical implications The authors provide strategic managerial recommendations designed to leverage virtual brand community performance, which center predominantly on the social (altruistic) and achievement-based VBCEP sub-processes. Originality/value The eight-component VBCEP typology refines Schau et al.’s four-component model of brand community engagement practices with particular applicability to virtual brand communities.

This research focuses on the description of the spatial and temporal distributions of mobulid ray species (Mobula birostris, Mobula mobular, Mobula thurstoni, Mobula tarapacana and Mobula munkiana) using data from the observer program (1993–2014) of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC). The tuna purse seine operations in the region extend from 70 to 150°W to 20°S-30°N. Significant differences on the captures per sets between fishing modes and species were found. Results showed that the most common species taken are M. thurstoni, M. mobular and M. birostris in School sets (sets on unassociated tuna schools). The temporal distributions showed high variability of the catches by species and years. The spatial distribution showed several areas of importance depending of the type of fishing, such as the coast of Peru, Galagapos or the Costa Rica Dome, and possible relationships with some oceanographic processes of the eastern Pacific Ocean (i.e. coastal and seasonal upwelling systems). The frequency of the captures per set showed that, although the greatest numbers caught in a set were very low (around 53.7% of sets with one capture), in some areas and periods there were captures of aggregates of hundreds of individuals of some of these species, such as Galapagos Islands during December, Costa Rica Dome during August, or Baja California during June. These events are of biological interest, and may offer good opportunities for conservation. This project has been developed with the aim of identifying the most important areas for these bycatch species and thus, improving the knowledge on them to reduce their mortality.