Explore the vast range of titles available.

A novel dual-message QR code is proposed for carrying two individual messages that can be read by standard QR code readers: one from a close range and the other from a large distance. By exploring the module value determining the rule of typical QR code readers, we designed two-state module blocks that can be recognized as different module values through changing the distance from which the QR code is scanned, and applied them to construct the proposed dual-message QR code. Experiments were conducted to test the readability of the two messages within a dual-message QR code, with the results demonstrating the high feasibility of the proposed method. The dual-message QR code can be applied for designing creative applications. For example, an interactive wedding card that can access the growing film of the groom and that of the bride interchangeably, which bring the viewers a higher-quality experience.

Quick response (QR) code-based traceability is considered as a smart solution to know details about the origin of products, from production to transportation and preservation before reaching customers. However, the QR code is easily copied and forged. Thus, we propose a new approach to protect this code from tampering. The approach consists of two main phases like hiding a security feature in the QR code, and estimating the similarity between the QR code affixed on the product and the genuine ones. For the former issue, the secret feature is encoded and decoded by using error correcting code for controlling errors in noisy communication channels. Hiding and extracting the encoded information in the QR code are conducted by utilizing a deep neural network in which the proposed network produces a watermarked QR code image with good quality and high tolerance to noises. The network is capable of robustness against real distortions caused by the process of printing and photograph. For the later issue, we develop neural networks based upon the architecture of Siamese network to measure the similarity of QR codes. The secret feature extracted from the obtained QR code and the result of QR code similarity estimation are combined to determine whether a QR code is genuine or fake. The proposed approach gives a competitive performance, with an average accuracy of 98%, and it has been applied to QR code authentication in practice.

Traceability via quick response (QR) codes is regarded as a clever way to learn specifics about a product’s history, from its creation to its transit and preservation before reaching consumers. The QR code can, however, be easily copied and faked. Therefore, we suggest a novel strategy to prevent tampering with this code. The method is divided into two primary phases: concealing a security element in the QR code and determining how similar the QR code on the goods is to the real ones. For the first problem, error-correcting coding is used to encode and decode the secret feature in order to manage faults in noisy communication channels. A deep neural network is used to both conceal and extract the information encoded in a QR code, and the suggested network creates watermarked QR code images with good quality and noise tolerance. The network has the ability to be resilient to actual distortions brought on by the printing and photographing processes. In order to measure the similarity of QR codes, we create neural networks based on the Siamese network design. To assess whether a QR code is real or fraudulent, the hidden characteristic extracted from the acquired QR code and the outcome of QR code similarity estimation are merged. With an average accuracy of 98%, the proposed technique performs competitively and has been used in practice for QR code authentication.

This paper designs a texture-hidden QR code to prevent the illegal copying of a QR code due to its lack of anti-counterfeiting ability. Combining random texture patterns and a refined QR code, the code is not only capable of regular coding but also has a strong anti-copying capability. Based on the proposed code, a quality assessment algorithm (MAF) and a dual feature detection algorithm (DFDA) are also proposed. The MAF is compared with several current algorithms without reference and achieves a 95% and 96% accuracy for blur type and blur degree, respectively. The DFDA is compared with various texture and corner methods and achieves an accuracy, precision, and recall of up to 100%, and also performs well on attacked datasets with reduction and cut. Experiments on self-built datasets show that the code designed in this paper has excellent feasibility and anti-counterfeiting performance.

The widespread use of smartphones is boosting the market take-up of dedicated applications and among them, barcode scanning applications. Several barcodes scanners are available but show security and privacy weaknesses. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive security and privacy analysis of 100 barcode scanner applications. According to our analysis, there are some apps that provide security services including checking URLs and adopting cryptographic solutions, and other apps that guarantee user privacy by supporting least privilege permission lists. However, there are also apps that deceive the users by providing security and privacy protections that are weaker than what is claimed. We analyzed 100 barcode scanner applications and we categorized them based on the real security features they provide, or on their popularity. From the analysis, we extracted a set of recommendations that developers should follow in order to build usable, secure and privacy-friendly barcode scanning applications. Based on them, we also implemented BarSec Droid, a proof of concept Android application for barcode scanning. We then conducted a user experience test on our app and we compared it with DroidLa, the most popular/secure QR code reader app. The results show that our app has nice features, such as ease of use, provides security trust, is effective and efficient.

Using QR codes in school libraries can indeed be a valuable and innovative approach to enhance the utilisation of library resources and services. Implementing these strategies can create an interactive and engaging library experience, motivating students to visit the library more frequently and make the most of available resources. The study explains the various uses of QR codes in promoting school library resources and its services, with all possible implementations to maximize their use. It encourages freely available tools to generate QR codes. It also tries to show, how the school library at B.V.B. Vidyashram Pratapnagar uses QR codes to create an experience that makes students want to go there more often.

Helical structures are among the most quintessential three‐dimensional (3D) forms that exhibit mirror asymmetry, a hallmark of chirality. Various structural parameters of helices directly linked to chiroptical properties highlight their importance as essential optical metamaterials for polarization‐resolved sensors, imaging, and spectroscopies. However, such function‐defining properties remain incompletely understood due to fabrication challenges and the lack of a relationship between structure and optical properties. Here, helical structures are analyzed parametrically, and correlations are established that are applicable to the design of chiral helical optical metamaterials. By systematically varying independent parameters—such as from single‐turn to five‐turn helices and from small major radii to larger ones optimized to fit the unit cell—the underlying relationships with ellipticty are revealed. In addition to theoretical modeling, the findings are experimentally validated using 3D printing and terahertz spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that optimized helical structures are mechanically tunable and exhibit unprecedented optical properties, including broadband and high‐magnitude ellipticity spectra. Being embedded in soft elastomers, helical arrays can serve as soft, stretchable optical‐mechanical sensors and holograms containing encoded information, such as barcodes and quick response (QR) codes. Chiral QR codes are realized using pixelated single helices with different handedness, demonstrating their potential as advanced encryption/decryption systems for security applications and chiral metaholograms. This article explores the untapped potential of 3D‐printed helical structures as chiral metamaterials and metaholograms by uncovering how specific geometric parameters govern their chiroptical behavior. Combining terahertz experiments and simulations, it reveals how tunable, stretchable helices enable broadband ellipticity and encrypted QR codes—offering a foundation for next‐generation polarization sensors, soft devices, and secure chiral holography.

This study aims 1) to develop online cognitive assessment instruments that meet instrument criteria such as validity, reliability, level of difficulty, different power, 2) develop online cognitive assessment instrument using a combination of qr code and Google forms. The research method refers to the Borg and gall R&D research method. The research subjects were students who were taking theoretical and practice courses on table tennis physical education and recreation education program IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Class of 2017. The results of the initial research of the needs analysis phase given to students and lecturers were 1) cognitive assessment instruments used were still have not met the eligibility criteria, 2) online media has not been used to conduct cognitive assessments, 3) students and lecturers agree if an online cognitive assessment instrument is developed in accordance with the instrument eligibility criteria and the media used a combination of qr code with Google forms.

A multi-purpose image-based QR code is designed in this paper. There are four purposes for the generated image-based QR code. In the first purpose, the basic image-based QR code with the look of a host image is with an ingenious layout to be identified easier. In the second one, a saliency region detection method is adopted for enhancing the quality of the image-based QR code. In the third one, the host image is embedded into the image-based QR code for further access to the host image; Finally, the visual cryptography-based watermarking method is applied to the host image embedded image-based QR code. In the case that the specific users need verification from the image-based QR code, the binary verified image can be retrieved when the public share is available. The experimental results demonstrate that the generated image-based QR code not only looked better than some previous works but also had high quality host image embedded and identification ability.

A QR code is a two-dimensional code that encodes data but it is unattractive and not ideal. QR codes have been applied in item identifications, publicity campaigns, advertisements, product promotions, etc. so they need to be visually good in appearance. Visually good and decorated QR codes degrade the decoding rate as compared to the standard QR code decoding rate. As they are used for mobile payments and logins some security must be there. For this many researchers have contributed using various approaches to beautify QR codes with high decoding accuracy and to make them secure. This paper aims towards the study of works carried out in the direction of beautification of QR codes using blended type techniques and artificial intelligence based techniques by different authors. The present state of prior strategies, methods, and major features used are described in this survey.