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Doing qualitative research online
Qualitative researchers can now connect with participants online to collect deep, rich data and generate new understandings of contemporary research phenomena. Doing Qualitative Research Online gives students and researchers the practical and scholarly foundations needed to gain digital research literacies essential for designing and conducting studies based on qualitative data collected online. The book will take a broad view of methodologies, methods and ethics, covering: ethical issues in research design and ethical relationships with participants; designing online qualitative studies; collecting qualitative data online through interviews, observations, participatory and arts-based research and a wide range of posts and documents; analyzing data and reporting findings. Written by a scholar-practitioner in e-learning and online academia with 15 years experience, this book will help all those new to online research by providing a range of examples and illustrations from published research. The text and accompanying materials will offer discussion and assignment ideas for ease of adoption.
Book
Essentials of Qualitative Inquiry
This brief, inexpensive guide introduces students and novices to the key elements of qualitative research methods. Written in a friendly, conversational style, replete with good examples from multiple disciplines, student exercises, and key points to remember, the volume works ideally with other qualitative textbooks to provide a comprehensive overview to qualitative methods for students. Chapters cover the essentials of theory building, research design, methods, data collection and analysis, writing, ethics, rigor and proposal writing.
eBook
Editorial Essay
Management journals are currently responding to challenges raised by the “replication crisis” in experimental social psychology, leading to new standards for transparency. These approaches are spilling over to qualitative research in unhelpful and potentially even dangerous ways. Advocates for transparency in qualitative research mistakenly couple it with replication. Tying transparency tightly to replication is deeply troublesome for qualitative research, where replication misses the point of what the work seeks to accomplish. We suggest that transparency advocates conflate replication with trustworthiness. We challenge this conflation on both ontological and methodological grounds, and we offer alternatives for how to (and how not to) think about trustworthiness in qualitative research. Management journals need to tackle the core issues raised by this tumult over transparency by identifying solutions for enhanced trustworthiness that recognize the unique strengths and considerations of different methodological approaches in our field.
Journal Article
What is the Eisenhardt Method, really?
This essay sharpens and refreshes the multi-case theory-building approach, sometimes termed The “Eisenhardt Method.” The Method’s singular aim is theory building, especially with multiple cases and theoretical logic. Its defining features (e.g. research questions without obvious answers, careful case selection, well-identified constructs and relationships, theoretical arguments, boundary conditions) reflect this aim. I begin with the influence of the 1980s, including grounded theorizing and case logic. Relying on exemplars, I illustrate the Method’s defining features. I also address common misconceptions (e.g. types of data, number of cases, performance emphasis). These miss the Method’s essence and imply a rigid template that does not exist. Instead, the Method’s relatively few defining features enable a wide variety of research possibilities. I conclude with what I would write today like a richer palette of research choices, more emphasis on time, and flexible philosophy of science. Yet the core message of theory building would remain.
Journal Article
Bridging the Qualitative-Quantitative Divide: Guidelines for Conducting Mixed Methods Research in Information Systems
Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in the same research inquiry. Such work can help develop rich insights into various phenomena of interest that cannot be fully understood using only a quantitative or a qualitative method. Notwithstanding the benefits and repeated calls for such work, there is a dearth of mixed methods research in information systems. Building on the literature on recent methodological advances in mixed methods research, we develop a set of guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in IS. We particularly elaborate on three important aspects of conducting mixed methods research: (1) appropriateness of a mixed methods approach; (2) development of meta-inferences (i.e., substantive theory) from mixed methods research; and (3) assessment of the quality of meta-inferences (i.e., validation of mixed methods research). The applicability of these guidelines is illustrated using two published IS papers that used mixed methods.
Journal Article
Asking Questions with Reflexive Focus
Interviews have been a key primary data source for research published in the Journal of Consumer Research. This tutorial aims to walk readers through the design and execution of interview-based empirical research on consumers and consumption.
Journal Article
The contributions of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to international business research
International business (IB) researchers have been slow to embrace a configurational approach in hypothesis formulation and empirical analysis. Yet, much of what IB scholars study is inherently configurational: various explanatory factors and their interplay simultaneously determine the outcome(s) studied, such as governance choice or firm-level performance. The mismatch between the nature of the empirical phenomena studied on the one hand, and hypothesis formulation and empirical methods deployed on the other, explains why many quantitative empirical studies in IB are overly reductionist, relying on hypotheses that assume linear (or simple, curvilinear), unifinal, and symmetrical effects. In this Editorial, we introduce IB scholars to contemporary configurational thinking and its analytical tool, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). We discuss this tool’s main tenets, advantages, and disadvantages. We review the limited prior IB research using this approach and present a wide range of IB phenomena where it could be usefully applied. We propose that contemporary configurational thinking and fsQCA can help scholars produce insights more closely aligned with the complex realities of international business than conventional research approaches.
Journal Article
Qualitative research: extending the range with flexible pattern matching
The flexible pattern matching approach has witnessed increasing popularity. By combining deduction with induction in logic, flexible pattern matching is well suited for exploration and theory development. The paper discusses its logic, advantages and process of this approach while offering a review of research adopting this approach. We also compare and contrast it with another popular qualitative data analysis technique, the grounded theory approach, to further ground the method on the established knowledge and elaborate its strength and fitting context. This paper advances the flexible pattern matching approach by suggesting a five-step roadmap to conduct qualitative research with the approach.
Journal Article
Theme in Qualitative Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis
Qualitatives Design besteht aus verschiedenen Ansätzen zur Datenerhebung und -analyse, die insbesondere für die Erstellung kultureller und kontextueller Beschreibungen und die Interpretation sozialer Phänomene anwendbar sind. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (QCA) und thematische Analyse (TA) stellen beides qualitative Ansätze dar, die üblicherweise von Forscher_innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen gleichermaßen eingesetzt werden. Allerdings besteht in der internationalen Literatur eine Leerstelle in Bezug auf den Begriff von \"Thema\" in beiden Ansätzen und des Prozesses der Entwicklung von Themen. Daher gehen wir in unserem Beitrag auf diese Leerstelle ein und stellen Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen beiden Methoden in Bezug auf das \"Thema\" als Endprodukt der Datenanalyse dar. Zur Unterstützung unserer Sichtweisen und zur Erstellung international fundierter analytischer Begriffe von \"Thema\" greifen wir auf die aktuelle Literatur aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen zurück. Wir gehen davon aus, dass Forscher_innen von einem vertieften Verständnis des Prozesses der Themenentwicklung in mehreren Hinsichten profitieren, nämlich bei der Auswahl einer geeigneten Methode für die Beantwortung ihrer Forschungsfrage, bei der Erzielung qualitativ hochwertiger und valider Ergebnisse sowie dabei, den analytischen Anforderungen an QCA und TA gerecht zu werden.
Journal Article
Using tables to enhance trustworthiness in qualitative research
In this essay, we discuss how tables can be used to ensure—and reassure about—trustworthiness in qualitative research. We posit that in qualitative research, tables help not only increase transparency about data collection, analysis, and findings, but also—and no less importantly—organize and analyze data effectively. We present some of the tables most frequently used by qualitative researchers, explain their uses, discuss how they enhance trustworthiness, and provide illustrative examples to inspire readers in their use of tables in their own research.
Journal Article