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"Quantum computers."
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Problems and solutions in quantum computing and quantum information
\"Quantum computing and quantum information are two of the fastest growing and most exciting research fields in physics. Entanglement, teleportation and the possibility of using the non-local behavior of quantum mechanics to factor integers in random polynomial time have also added to this new interest. This book supplies a huge collection of problems in quantum computing and quantum information together with their detailed solutions, which will prove to be invaluable to students as well as researchers in these fields.Each chapter gives a comprehensive introduction to the topics.All the important concepts and topics such as quantum gates and quantum circuits, product Hilbert spaces, entanglement and entanglement measures, teleportation, Bell states, Bell measurement, Bell inequality, Schmidt decomposition, quantum Fourier transform, magic gate, von Neumann entropy, quantum cryptography, quantum error corrections, quantum games, number states and Bose operators, coherent states, squeezed states, Gaussian states, coherent Bell states, POVM measurement, quantum optics networks, beam splitter, phase shifter and Kerr Hamilton operator are included. A chapter on quantum channels has also be added. Furthermore a chapter on boolean functions and quantum gates with mapping bits to qubits is provided. The topics range in difficulty from elementary to advanced. Almost all problems are solved in detail and most of the problems are self-contained. Each chapter also contains supplementary problems to challenge the reader. Programming problems with Maxima and SymbolicC++ implementations are also provided\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers
Quantum computers have made extraordinary progress over the past decade, and significant milestones have been achieved along the path of pursuing universal fault-tolerant quantum computers. Quantum advantage, the tipping point heralding the quantum era, has been accomplished along with several waves of breakthroughs. Quantum hardware has become more integrated and architectural compared to its toddler days. The controlling precision of various physical systems is pushed beyond the fault-tolerant threshold. Meanwhile, quantum computation research has established a new norm by embracing industrialization and commercialization. The joint power of governments, private investors, and tech companies has significantly shaped a new vibrant environment that accelerates the development of this field, now at the beginning of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. Here, we first discuss the progress achieved in the field of quantum computation by reviewing the most important algorithms and advances in the most promising technical routes, and then summarizing the next-stage challenges. Furthermore, we illustrate our confidence that solid foundations have been built for the fault-tolerant quantum computer and our optimism that the emergence of quantum killer applications essential for human society shall happen in the future.
Journal Article
Quantum supremacy : how the quantum computer revolution will change everything
\"An exhilarating tour of humanity's next great technological achievement-quantum computing-which may eventually unravel the deepest mysteries of science and solve some of humanity's biggest problems, like global warming, world hunger, and incurable disease, by the bestselling author of The God Equation. The runaway success of the microchip processor may be reaching its end. Running up against the physical constraints of smaller and smaller sizes, traditional silicon chips are not likely to prove useful in solving humanity's greatest challenges, from climate change, to global starvation, to incurable diseases. But the quantum computer, which harnesses the power and complexity of the atomic realm, already promises to be every bit as revolutionary as the transistor and microchip once were. Its unprecedented gains in computing power herald advancements that could change every aspect of our daily lives. Automotive companies, medical researchers, and consulting firms are betting on quantum computing, hoping to exploit its power to design more efficient vehicles, create life-saving new drugs, and streamline industries to revolutionize the economy. But this is only the beginning. Quantum computers could allow us to finally create nuclear fusion reactors that create clean, renewable energy without radioactive waste or threats of meltdown. They could help us crack the biological processes that generate natural, cheap fertilizer and enable us to feed the world's growing populations. And they could unravel the fiendishly difficult protein folding that lies at the heart of previously incurable diseases like Alzheimer's, ALS, and Parkinson's, helping us to live longer, healthier lives. There is not a single problem humanity faces that couldn't be addressed by quantum computing. Told with Kaku's signature clarity and enthusiasm, Quantum Supremacy is the story of this exciting frontier and the race to claim humanity's future\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective
We present an industrial end-user perspective on the current state of quantum computing hardware for one specific technological approach, the neutral atom platform. Our aim is to assist developers in understanding the impact of the specific properties of these devices on the effectiveness of algorithm execution. Based on discussions with different vendors and recent literature, we discuss the performance data of the neutral atom platform. Specifically, we focus on the physical qubit architecture, which affects state preparation, qubit-to-qubit connectivity, gate fidelities, native gate instruction set, and individual qubit stability. These factors determine both the quantum-part execution time and the end-to-end wall clock time relevant for end-users, but also the ability to perform fault-tolerant quantum computation in the future. We end with an overview of which applications have been shown to be well suited for the peculiar properties of neutral atom-based quantum computers.
Journal Article
Full quantum tomography study of Google’s Sycamore gate on IBM’s quantum computers
The potential of achieving computational hardware with quantum advantage depends heavily on the quality of quantum gate operations. However, the presence of imperfect two-qubit gates poses a significant challenge and acts as a major obstacle in developing scalable quantum information processors. Google’s Quantum AI and collaborators claimed to have conducted a supremacy regime experiment. In this experiment, a new two-qubit universal gate called the
Sycamore
gate is constructed and employed to generate random quantum circuits (RQCs), using a programmable quantum processor with 53 qubits. These computations were carried out in a computational state space of size
9
×
10
15
. Nevertheless, even in strictly-controlled laboratory settings, quantum information on quantum processors is susceptible to various disturbances, including undesired interaction with the surroundings and imperfections in the quantum state. To address this issue, we conduct both quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum process tomography (QPT) experiments on Google’s
Sycamore
gate using different artificial architectural superconducting quantum computer. Furthermore, to demonstrate how errors affect gate fidelity at the level of quantum circuits, we design and conduct full QST experiments for the five-qubit eight-cycle circuit, which was introduced as an example of the programability of Google’s
Sycamore
quantum processor. These quantum tomography experiments are conducted in three distinct environments: noise-free, noisy simulation, and on IBM Quantum’s genuine quantum computer. Our results offer valuable insights into the performance of IBM Quantum’s hardware and the robustness of
Sycamore
gates within this experimental setup. These findings contribute to our understanding of quantum hardware performance and provide valuable information for optimizing quantum algorithms for practical applications.
Journal Article
Interfacing GHz-bandwidth heralded single photons with a warm vapour Raman memory
Broadband quantum memories, used as temporal multiplexers, are a key component in photonic quantum information processing, as they make repeat-until-success strategies scalable. We demonstrate a prototype system, operating on-demand, by interfacing a warm vapour, high time-bandwidth-product Raman memory with a travelling wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. We store single photons and observe a clear influence of the input photon statistics on the retrieved light, which we find currently to be limited by noise. We develop a theoretical model that identifies four-wave mixing as the sole important noise source and point towards practical solutions for noise-free operation.
Journal Article
Toward implementing efficient image processing algorithms on quantum computers
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary subject spanning physics, mathematics, and computer science. It involves finding new ways to apply natural quantum-mechanical effects, particularly superposition and entanglement, to information processing in an attempt to exceed the limits of traditional computing. In addition to promoting its mathematical and physical foundations, scientists and engineers have increasingly begun studying cross-disciplinary fields in quantum information processing, such as quantum machine learning, quantum neural networks, and quantum image processing (QIMP). Herein, we present an overview of QIMP consisting of a succinct review of state-of-the-art techniques along with a critical analysis of several key issues important for advancing the field. These issues include improving current models of quantum image representations, designing quantum algorithms for solving sophisticated operations, and developing physical equipment and software architecture for capturing and manipulating quantum images. The future directions identified in this work will be of interest to researchers working toward the greater realization of QIMP-based technologies.
Journal Article