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Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 1995.

Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are reported for the first time in mangrove trees in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Hypothenemus distinctus Wood was recorded on the branches of Avicennia germinans L. (Acanthaceae), and Hypothenemus birmanus (Eichhoff) was recorded in the seeds of Laguncularia racemosa L. Gaertn. (Combretaceae). H. distinctus has been reported for the first time in Mexico, and H. birmanus has been reported for the first time in Tamaulipas. This work expands the host record of Scolytinae species in Mexico. Se reportan por primera vez dos especies de la subfamilia Scolytinae en árboles de mangle en Tamaulipas, México. La especie Hypothenemus distinctus Wood se registró en las ramas de Avicennia germinans L. (Acanthaceae), y la especie Hypothenemus birmanus (Eichhoff) se registrò en las semillas de Laguncularia racemosa L. Gaertn. (Combretaceae). H. distinctus es reportada por primera vez en México, y H. birmanus es reportada por primera vez en Tamaulipas. Con este resultado se amplía el registro de hospedantes de las especies de Scolytinae en México.

The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), was detected in Tepexilotla, town of Zoquitlán, municipality of Sierra Negra de Puebla, Mexico in Nov 2021. A subsequent visit of the infested area and the municipalities surrounding Zoquitlán, carried out in Jun and Jul 2022, showed that X. compactus infested mainly Robusta coffee but also to a lesser extent some Arabica coffee plants. In 2022, the insect pest was detected in coffee plantations in communities in the municipality of Tezonapa, Veracruz and in communities in the municipality of Santa María Chilchotla, Oaxaca, close to the infested area in Puebla. Now, with this report, there are 3 species of the genus Xylosandrus in Mexico: X. curtulus, X. morigerus, and X. compactus; of these, X. morigerus and X. compactus are economically important pests for coffee crops. El taladrador negro de las ramas, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) fue detectado en Tepexilotla, localidad de Zoquitlán, municipio de la Sierra Negra de Puebla, México en Noviembre de 2021. Una revisión posterior del área infestada y de los municipios aledaños a Zoquitlán, realizada en junio y julio de 2022, mostró que X. compactus infestaba principalmente café Robusta, pero también algunas plantas de café Arábica. En 2022, el insecto plaga se detectó en cafetales de comunidades del municipio de Tezonapa, Veracruz y en comunidades del municipio de Santa María Chilchotla, Oaxaca, cercanas a la zona infestada en Puebla. Ahora, con este reporte, existen 3 especies del género Xylosandrus en México: X. curtulus, X. morigerus y, X. compactus; de estas, X. morigerus y X. compactus son plagas económicamente importantes para el cultivo del café.

Gram-negative bacteria express a plethora of efflux pumps that are capable of transporting structurally varied molecules, including antibiotics, out of the bacterial cell. This efflux lowers the intracellular antibiotic concentration, allowing bacteria to survive at higher antibiotic concentrations. Overexpression of some efflux pumps can cause clinically relevant levels of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. This review discusses the role of efflux in resistance of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, the regulatory mechanisms that control efflux pump expression, the recent advances in our understanding of efflux pump structure and how inhibition of efflux is a promising future strategy for tackling multidrug resistance in Gram-negative pathogens.

Este estudio intenta demostrar las posibilidades explicativas que tiene la investigación de las organizaciones sindicales a partir de las ramas industriales. Para tal efecto, se discute en primer lugar el tratamiento del tema con base en las categorías clásicas de división del trabajo y proceso de trabajo; en seguida, se plantea el comportamiento del fenómeno en las sociedades latinoamericanas.

Aim Global sea-level rise (SLR) could be as much as 1.8 metres by 2100, which will impact coastal wetland communities and threatened species. We evaluated the likely outcomes of SLR for wetland communities using a process-based simulation model and coupled this with a metapopulation model for a threatened native rodent (Xeromys myoides). Furthermore, we tested the amplified impacts of SLR, urban growth and introduced predators on X. myoides persistence. Location South-east Queensland, Australia. Methods We adapted the Sea Level Affects Marshes Model to subtropical Australia. We used LiDAR elevation data, field data to parameterize surface accretion and shallow subsidence, and local knowledge to configure wetland transitions. SLR was simulated based on the IPCC B1 and A1FI scenarios, as well as the maximal limit of 1.8 m by 2100. Further, we coupled our demographic model to projected shifts in wetland habitat, and estimates of future wetland loss to urban expansion and feral cat (Felis catus) predation. Results Our models project a general decline in wetland communities under SLR, with a noted exception of mangroves. Under the A1FI scenario, SLR allows mangroves to migrate inland, with urban development acting as an obstruction in some areas. Mangrove expansion provides an unexpected benefit for dependent X. myoides populations, although the inclusion of predation and habitat loss due to urban development still suggests extirpation in c. 50 years. Main conclusions Through this case study, we illustrate the usefulness of process-based SLR models in understanding outcomes for wetland communities and dependent species. Our models will underscore decision-making in a dynamic system, with global applications for urban planning, conservation prioritization and wildlife management.

The article presents and explains the changing process of relations between Vietnam and Siam in the early 19th century during the rule of the first two kings of the Nguyen Dynasty, Gia Long and Minh Mang. Due to inherited factors from the past and internal problems, Vietnam and Siam always maintained friendly relations during the first two decades of the nineteenth century, even supporting each other against external threats. However, each side had its own goals and was taking steps to strengthen its position in the region. The malevolence in the relations between the Nguyen court and the Chakri dynasty began to grow gradually, culminating in the reigns of King Minh Mang (Vietnam) and King Rama III (Siam).

Interannual variability of the Wyrtki jets is studied in the context of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wind‐forcing using a three dimensional numerical ocean model and observations. The boreal fall (October–November) Wyrtki jet is more significantly affected than the boreal spring (April–May) Wyrtki jet since both the IOD and ENSO tend to peak toward the end of the calendar year. Various statistical methods are used in an attempt to separate the impacts of the IOD and ENSO on these jets, with emphasis on the fall jet. The first two modes of an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decomposition account for about 90% and 85% of variability in zonal currents and wind stress respectively along the equator in the Indian Ocean, but EOF analysis does not cleanly separate out IOD and ENSO forcing and response. Partial correlation analysis reveals that IOD wind‐forcing and zonal equatorial current response are stronger on average than for ENSO and extend further west across the basin. Composite analysis of IOD only, ENSO only, and combined IOD and ENSO years provides a complementary definition of the relative contributions of these two phenomena on Wyrtki jet variability and in general is consistent with the results of the partial correlation analysis. Key Points Numerical simulation of Wyrtki jets Influence of ENSO on Wyrtki jets ENSO and IOD forcing on EIO is quantified

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of erythropoiesis, and its receptor (EPOR) is expressed in various tissues, including tumors. Expression of EPOR in breast cancer tissue has been shown to correlate with expression of the estrogen receptor (ER). However, EPOR promotes proliferation in an EPO-independent manner. In patients with breast cancer, EPOR is associated with impaired tamoxifen response in ER-positive tumors, but not in ER-negative tumors. Furthermore, a positive correlation between EPOR/ER status and increased local cancer recurrence has been demonstrated, and EPOR expression is associated with G-protein coupled ER (GPER). Herein, we assessed the effects of EPOR on cell physiology and tamoxifen response in the absence of EPO stimulation using two cell lines that differ only in their EPOR expression status: RAMA 37 cells (low EPOR expression) and RAMA 37-28 cells (high EPOR expression). Alterations in cell growth, morphology, response to tamoxifen cytotoxicity, and EPOR-activated signal transduction were observed. RAMA 37 cells showed higher proliferation capacity without tamoxifen treatment, while RAMA 37-28 cells were more resistant to tamoxifen and proliferated more rapidly in the presence of tamoxifen. EPOR overexpression induced cell-morphology changes upon tamoxifen treatment, which resulted in the production of cell protrusions and subsequent cell death. Short-term treatment with tamoxifen (6 h) prompted RAMA 37 cells to acquired longer protrusions than RAMA 37-28 cells, which indicated a pre-apoptotic stage. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with tamoxifen (72 h) caused a greater reduction in RAMA 37 cell numbers, which indicated a higher rate of cell death. RAMA 37-28 cells showed prolonged activation of AKT signaling. We propose sustained AKT phosphorylation in EPOR-overexpressing cells as a mechanism that can lead to EPOR-induced tamoxifen resistance.

Climate change is likely to increase both the extent of seasonal weather variation and the magnitude of extreme weather events. The food security of those living in poorer countries and in poorer communities will be disproportionately affected by this change in weather patterns. We explored how the heterogeneity that exists within the Rama Indigenous community (Nicaragua) interacts with seasonal weather variation and extreme weather events to adversely affect food-system resilience. Firstly, we show that there are different levels of food system resilience between the Rama who fish using the traditional methods of hand nets and paddle-powered canoes, and those that can afford gill nets and motorboats. Secondly, there are significant differences in the way Rama farmers respond to threats to their food security: some rely on short-term resilience-based strategies, whereas others focus on more transitional responses. These differences contribute to short-term inequalities in food security and are also likely to have a differential impact on the future food-system resilience of the Rama community. More research at the household scale is vital for understanding how to improve food-system resilience for the most vulnerable populations without introducing policies that are unsustainable and/or curtail future options.