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"REGIONAL SYSTEMS"
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Challenge-oriented regional innovation systems
In this letter, we reflect on recent modifications of the regional innovation system (RIS) approach that have been prompted by persistent environmental, social, and economic problems. Scholars have begun to advocate a reorientation of the RIS framework towards addressing territorial sustainability challenges and have introduced the notion of challenge-oriented regional innovation systems (CORIS). While the CORIS approach holds promise given the challenges of our time, several unresolved issues remain. We elaborate on and discuss three themes that demand further research. Firstly, there is a need for in-depth studies of the geographies of problems. Systematic analyses of the origins and interrelations of territorial challenges are high in demand. Secondly, the geographies of challenge-oriented innovation-exnovation dynamics warrant more attention. We argue that future research should delve into questions around the development, testing and upscaling of innovative solutions, as well as the unlocking and destabilisation of unsustainable practices in various spatial contexts. Lastly, we contend that a better understanding of the geographies of RIS reconfiguration is necessary. This entails shedding light on various forms of system-level agency involved in reorienting or transforming historically-grown real-world RIS in different types of regions.
Journal Article
Innovativeness, Work Flexibility, and Place Characteristics: A Spatial Econometric and Machine Learning Approach
This paper seeks to study work-related and geographical conditions under which innovativeness is stimulated through the analysis of individual and regional data dating from just prior to the smartphone age. As a result, by using the ISSP 2005 Work Orientations Survey, we are able to examine the role of work flexibility, among other work-related conditions, in a relatively more traditional context that mostly excludes modern, smartphone-driven, remote-working practices. Our study confirms that individual freedom in the work place, flexible work hours, job security, living in suburban areas, low stress, private business activity, and the ability to take free time off work are important drivers of innovation. In particular, through a spatial econometric model, we identified an optimum level for weekly work time of about 36 h, which is supported by our findings from tree-based ensemble models. The originality of the present study is particularly due to its examination of innovative output rather than general productivity through the integration of person-level data on individual work conditions, in addition to its novel methodological approach which combines machine learning and spatial econometric findings.
Journal Article
Regional innovation systems: Systematic literature review and recommendations for future research
The theoretical and practical development of the innovation concept is relevant in academic and economic arenas, and the regional systemic perspective of innovation is gaining ground as a solid approach in understanding this phenomenon and its components. This article analyzes the content and evolution of academic research on Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) from 1997 to September 2017. A rigorous search of articles about RISs published in top journals within the ISI Web of Knowledge was conducted. The selection of journals was based on their scores on the Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Descriptive and content analyses of the articles were performed and general statistics are presented. This study summarizes how literature has defined RIS, what are the components of RIS according to published papers, and how to measure performance of RIS. The article includes the identification of knowledge gaps in the field and some recommendations for future research.
Journal Article
Adaptive Regional Innovation Systems: Addressing Latin America's Challenges
This study aims to present the definition and characteristics of regional innovation systems as well as actions focused on their development. For this purpose, the present study uses the neo-Schumpeterian theoretical bibliography as support for the analysis. The conclusions point out that in the Brazilian territory, companies, universities, research institutes, government institutions, among other actors, develop interactive and cooperative relationships that enable innovative development. In this field, there are habits, values, cultures, and their own productive and institutional structures that enable different patterns of regional innovation systems. It is up to the State to play the role of promoter of regional development, given its capacity to mediate interaction, deliver political articulation, and foster innovation programs. Development policies aimed at interaction and cooperation, learning processes, the formation of joint strategies, and the availability of resources are highlighted.
Journal Article
Farmer use of intermediated market channels: a review
Intermediated markets are relatively new market channels that have the potential to expand local and regional food systems while increasing the viability of small- and medium-sized farms. The intermediated channels comprise a short supply chain linking farmers with consumers through the use of intermediary such as a distributor or supermarket. In many instances, these supply chains embed social or environmental values, such as supporting local farming. In this paper, we examine the current state of knowledge about the intermediated market channel. The first source of knowledge consists of data from federal and private sources. Next, we review a selection of the published literature focusing on farmer use of intermediated market channels in the USA. The main intermediated channels include direct to institutions, such as schools and hospitals; food hubs; and direct to retail. The paper finishes by raising questions about future of intermediated markets, based on the findings of the literature review and data.
Journal Article
Visibility anomaly of GNSS satellite and support from regional systems
In a multi-GNSS (global navigation satellite system) environment with operational GPS, GLONASS and Galileo Satellites, the Asia–Oceania region is expected to get better benefits of a large number of GNSS satellites for use. However, it is witnessed that during some parts of the day, no GNSS satellite is present above 60° elevation angle from many parts of the earth, including India. Real-time data from India show the regular absence of usable GPS satellites above 60° elevation angles during some parts of the day; addition of GLONASS and Galileo satellites does not improve the situation much. From Burdwan, West Bengal, India at least twice a day, no GNSS satellite is found above 60° elevation angles for more than 30 min. Simulation study for scattered places of India and data from IGS Centres confirm similar observations, except for the extreme northern region. The global scenario also supports these observations, while the individual operator’s country is free from the problem using their own navigational system. The consequences of the problem affect GNSS-based solutions; for locations with obstruction of GNSS signals from low elevation angles, the concurrent occurrence of this incidence poses a threat for seamless GNSS-based navigation through intermittent loss of solution and degraded solution quality. Regional navigation satellite systems (RNSS) help mitigate this problem within the respective service regions. For a large part of the globe, the problem may be allayed using GNSS–RNSS hybrid operation. The result would be important for location-specific GNSS mission planning in strategic, life and safety-critical applications.
Journal Article
Regional Entrepreneurship System: Development Parameters and Potential of Reconfiguration
The article deals with the development of entrepreneurship in the Russian regions. Firstly, the state of both Russian entrepreneurship, in general, and small and medium-sized business in particular is not satisfactory. Secondly, the measures implemented by the state in the field of entrepreneurship development are not sufficiently effective. To the authors’ opinion, these two facts are due, among other things, to a lack of a holistic understanding of what constitutes an institution of entrepreneurship in a spatial context. The authors propose to consider the development of regional entrepreneurship using the system approach with the scope to the regional business system. Within the proposed authors’ approach, resources, economic agents and institutions are considered as the main elements of this system. The authors substantiate that there are institutional configurations, and not simple institutions, which determine the parameters of interaction between the elements of the regional enterprise system. These elements can contribute to the enterprise processes in the territory or block them. We assume that even a region with an essential resource of business potential is not able to realize it completely until it develops an effective institutional configuration of the regional business system. In order to investigate certain parameters of the institutional configuration of the regional business system, we propose a methodology for assessing the institutional loyalty of business entities and testing this technique on the example of eighty-four constituent entities of the Russian Federation. We have concluded that, in a large part of the Russian regions, a successful implementation of strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses will require the transformation of the regional enterprise system on the basis of reengineering. It involves a radical redesigning the entire system, ensuring the entrepreneurial processes in a territory. The authors prove that the basis for reengineering should be the institutional reconfiguration of the regional business system. The results of the research can be used to identify systemic problems that impede the development of entrepreneurship in the Russian regions and to develop more effective measures to address these problems.
Journal Article
On the number and size of cities
We study the effects of a decrease in inter-city transport costs on the spatial distribution of population in a multi-regional economy, when a rise in the regional population generates higher urban costs. Holding the number of cities constant, as transport costs are reduced gradually from a very high level to a very low level, there is a first phase in which large cities grow while small cities shrink, a second phase in which both large and small cities grow while medium size cities shrink, and a third phase in which large cities shrink while small cities grow. Furthermore, when the number of cities is allowed to vary as transport costs are reduced from large to small values, it first decreases and then increases.
Journal Article