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"RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS"
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Applications of nature-inspired computing in renewable energy systems
\"This book discusses the latest research on nature-inspired computing approaches applied to the design and development of renewable energy systems and provides new solutions to the renewable energy domain such as microgrids, wind power, and artificial neural networks\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Recent Progress and New Horizons in Emerging Novel MXene-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications for Current Environmental Remediation and Energy Crises
Unsustainable fossil fuel energy usage and its environmental impacts are the most significant scientific challenges in the scientific community. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received a lot of attention recently because of their great potential for application in addressing some of society’s most enduring issues with renewable energy. Transition metal-based nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides, known as “MXenes”, are a relatively new and large family of 2D materials. Since the discovery of the first MXene, Ti
3
C
2
in 2011 has become one of the fastest-expanding families of 2D materials with unique physiochemical features. MXene surface terminations with hydroxyl, oxygen, fluorine, etc., are invariably present in the so far reported materials, imparting hydrophilicity to their surfaces. The current finding of multi-transition metal-layered MXenes with controlled surface termination capacity opens the door to fabricating unique structures for producing renewable energy. MXene NMs-based flexible chemistry allows them to be tuned for energy-producing/storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, gas/biosensors, water distillation, nanocomposite reinforcement, lubrication, and photo/electro/chemical catalysis. This review will first discuss the advancement of MXenes synthesis methods, their properties/stability, and renewable energy applications. Secondly, we will highlight the constraints and challenges that impede the scientific community from synthesizing functional MXene with controlled composition and properties. We will further reveal the high-tech implementations for renewable energy storage applications along with future challenges and their solutions.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Future: Main Topics of Selected Papers in the 19th SDEWES Conference in 2024
From September 8th to 12th, 2024, the 19th SDEWES Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems was successfully held in Rome. This event drew 700 researchers, scientists, and practitioners from 62 nations across six continents, with 570 participating in person and another 130 joining virtually. A total of seven papers were selected to be published in Energies, and the corresponding literature published in the most recent year is here reviewed. The main topics of the selected papers regard the adoption of district heating and cooling and their integration with renewable energies (such as geothermal or solar, the use of innovative bifacial PV panels, the use of biomass energy for the bio-synthetic natural gas production, the short-term electric load forecasting for industrial applications, and others. The reviewed papers show that several energy measures can be addressed to reach the decarbonization goals of 2050 and that the scientific community continues to find novel, sustainable, and efficient methods for the reduction in energy consumption and related CO2 emissions.
Journal Article
A theoretical study of stable direct band gap double perovskites X2YIO6 (X = K, Rb) for renewable energy applications
Double perovskite semiconductors have got extensive research interest for renewable energy applications because of their excellent optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties together with significant structural and chemical stability. However, most of the efficient perovskites are lead based and there is still a big issue of toxicity with these materials. In present study, we have investigated the two non toxic double perovskite X
2
YIO
6
(X = K, Rb) materials for renewable energy applications via first principles calculations. The negative formation and Gibbs free energies confirm the thermodynamic stability while the real frequencies of phonons establish the dynamical stability of these double perovskites. The electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties were calculated via Tran and Blaha modified Becke Johnson potential. The band structure calculations show the direct band gap of 0.98 and 0.75 eV for K
2
YIO
6
and R
2
YIO
6
, respectively. On the basis of calculated optical parameters like dielectric function, absorption coefficient and reflectivity, the X
2
YIO
6
compounds could show better solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. The positive values of the Seebeck coefficient categorize both of these double perovskites as p-type semiconductors. Their high values of power factor of the order 10
–2
Wm
−1
K
−2
and figure of merit of the order 0.7 at 1000 K, manifest high power conversion efficiency of these materials at elevated temperatures.
Journal Article
Analysis and design of high gain DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications
The paper proposes an efficient DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications. The proposed high-gain converter is designed with switched inductor cell and voltage multiplier cell. In the proposed converter, the continuous source current is obtained by switched inductor cells, and high-voltage gain is achieved using voltage multiplier cells. The proposed converter provides a voltage gain of 10 when operated with a duty ratio of 27.3%, whereas a voltage gain of 39 is obtained for an 80% duty ratio. The efficiency of 96.54% is achieved in simulation for the rated condition of 24 V/240 V, 120W. The converter operation under steady-state, state-space modelling, and voltage and current stress of the power semiconductor components are analyzed. In addition to that, loss distribution and efficiency analysis are made. The performance of the converter is analyzed using the Matlab Simulink tool. Also, the experimental hardware prototype model is developed to validate the simulated and theoretical analysis.
Journal Article
Recent Advancements in Multilevel Inverters: Topologies, Modulation Techniques, and Emerging Applications
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become fundamental in contemporary power electronics, providing enhanced performance compared to conventional two-level inverters regarding their output voltage quality, efficiency, and scalability. This study comprehensively assesses multilevel inverter technologies, including their topologies, control systems, and various applications. The study starts with a comprehensive examination of the core concepts of MLIs, subsequently embarking on a detailed evaluation of both conventional and innovative topologies, such as diode-clamped, flying capacitor, cascaded H-bridge, and modular multilevel converters. The study further examines the control systems used in MLIs, including Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), space vector modulation (SVM), and Model Predictive Control (MPC), emphasizing their benefits and drawbacks. The applications of MLIs in renewable energy systems, electric cars, industrial drives, and grid integration are comprehensively examined. The study closes by examining growing trends, difficulties, and future research paths, emphasizing the ability of MLIs to transform power conversion systems.
Journal Article
Advancing Renewable Energy Systems: A Numerical Approach to Investigate Nanofluidics’ Role in Engineering Involving Physical Quantities
Nanofluids, with their enhanced thermal properties, provide innovative solutions for improving heat transfer efficiency in renewable energy systems. This study investigates a numerical simulation of bioconvective flow and heat transfer in a Williamson nanofluid over a stretching wedge, incorporating the effects of chemical reactions and hydrogen diffusion. The system also includes motile microorganisms, which induce bioconvection, a phenomenon where microorganisms’ collective motion creates a convective flow that enhances mass and heat transport processes. This mechanism is crucial for improving the distribution of nanoparticles and maintaining the stability of the nanofluid. The unique rheological behavior of Williamson fluid, extensively utilized in hydrometallurgical and chemical processing industries, significantly influences thermal and mass transport characteristics. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), derived from conservation laws and boundary conditions, are converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. MATLAB’s bvp4c solver is employed to numerically analyze these equations. The outcomes highlight the complex interplay between fluid parameters and flow characteristics. An increase in the Williamson nanofluid parameters leads to a reduction in fluid velocity, with solutions observed for the skin friction coefficient. Higher thermophoresis and Williamson nanofluid parameters elevate the fluid temperature, enhancing heat transfer efficiency. Conversely, a larger Schmidt number boosts fluid concentration, while stronger chemical reaction effects reduce it. These results are generated by fixing parametric values as 0.1<ϖ<1.5, 0.1
Journal Article
Intelligent RBF-Fuzzy Controller Based Non-Isolated DC-DC Multi-Port Converter for Renewable Energy Applications
In this article, a multi-port non-isolated converter is implemented for renewable energy applications. High voltage gain is accomplished with a switched capacitor and coupled inductor, and power transfer between the inputs, battery, and load can be realized using three power switches. The power collected in the leakage inductance is reused to decrease the voltage stress on the power switch. Various functioning periods are also examined, and design requirements are offered. The proposed converter uses fewer parts to realize power flows and obtain high voltage gain compared to comparable converters. Additionally, under partial shading conditions, the traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approaches are not able to collect the global maximum power point (MPP) from the numerous local MPPs. This work proposes an artificial neural-network-based MPPT technique with variable step size for tracing speed, MPP oscillations, and operating efficiency. The proposed converter experiment is also constructed and successfully tested in a laboratory environment.
Journal Article
Instantaneous Disturbance Index for Power Distribution Networks
The stability of power systems is very sensitive to voltage or current variations caused by the discontinuous supply of renewable power feeders. Moreover, the impact of these anomalies varies depending on the sensitivity/resilience of customer and transmission system equipment to those deviations. From any of these points of view, an instantaneous characterization of power quality (PQ) aspects becomes an important task. For this purpose, a wavelet-based power quality indices (PQIs) are introduced in this paper. An instantaneous disturbance index (ITD(t)) and a Global Disturbance Ratio index (GDR) are defined to integrally reflect the PQ level in Power Distribution Networks (PDN) under steady-state and/or transient conditions. With only these two indices it is possible to quantify the effects of non-stationary disturbances with high resolution and precision. These PQIs offer an advantage over other similar because of the suitable choice of mother wavelet function that permits to minimize leakage errors between wavelet levels. The wavelet-based algorithms which give rise to these PQIs can be implemented in smart sensors and used for monitoring purposes in PDN. The applicability of the proposed indices is validated by using a real-time experimental platform. In this emulated power system, signals are generated and real-time data are analyzed by a specifically designed software. The effectiveness of this method of detection and identification of disturbances has been proven by comparing the proposed PQIs with classical indices. The results confirm that the proposed method efficiently extracts the characteristics of each component from the multi-event test signals and thus clearly indicates the combined effect of these events through an accurate estimation of the PQIs.
Journal Article
Quadratic-type high step-up DC–DC converter with continuous input current integrating coupled inductor and voltage multiplier for renewable energy applications
This paper presents a quadratic-type high step-up DC–DC converter for renewable energy applications with a continuous input current. To reduce the number of components while increasing the gain, a quadratic boost converter and two multiplier cells are applied as the primary and secondary circuit with one coupled inductor connected. In addition, the clamp circuit shares its components with both the second boost stage and the voltage multiplier, which increases the power density. As a result, the leakage energy is recycled and the voltage stress can be suppressed. The operation principles and steady-state analyses including loss analysis of the proposed converter are addressed in detail. Compared with relevant existing topologies of quadratic converter, the proposed converter performs a higher voltage gain and a lower power switch stress. To validate the performance, a 200 W experimental prototype is constructed and tested with 20 V of input voltage and 400 V of output voltage, where the highest efficiency is 95.2% and the full-load efficiency is 93.7%. The performance under dynamic conditions is also verified. In the end, an improved topology based on the proposed converter is supplemented.
Journal Article