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This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources – bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy – as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector and academic researchers.

Blockchain is a nascent technology with the potential to disrupt the operational and business models of many industries. The enormous successes recorded by solutions underpinned by blockchain have attracted much attention to it. Beginning from the emergence of Bitcoin in the financial sector, blockchain has continued to impact other industries. It finds application in healthcare, supply chain, energy among other sectors. The technology has emerged as a viable technology for enabling decentralized peer-to-peer transactions. With the high adoption of renewable energy sources, the modern power system has become decentralized thereby paving the way for the integration of blockchain-based solutions. In the energy industry, blockchain can be employed to facilitate decentralised peer-to-peer energy transactions between power grid entities, energy storage sharing among others.

This edited book comprises chapters that describe the IoT, machine learning, and blockchain technologies for renewable energy and modern hybrid power systems with simulation examples and case studies. After reading this book, users will understand recent technologies such as IoT, machine learning techniques, and blockchain technologies and the application of these technologies to renewable energy resources and modern hybrid power systems through simulation examples and case studies. This edited book comprises chapters that describe the IoT, machine learning, and blockchain technologies for renewable energy and modern hybrid power systems with simulation examples and case studies.

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the most water-stressed parts of the world. In just over 25 years, between 1975 and 2001. Looking to the future, MENA's freshwater outlook is expected to worsen because of continued population growth and projected climate change impacts. The region's population is on the way to doubling to 700 million by 2050. Projections of climate change and variability impacts on the region's water availability are highly uncertain, but they are expected to be largely negative. To offer just one more example, rainfall and freshwater availability could decrease by up to 40 percent for some MENA countries by the end of this century. The urgent challenge is how to adapt to the future as illustrated by these numbers and how to turn the region's economy onto a sustainable path. This volume suggests new ways of thinking about the complex changes and planning needed to achieve this. New thinking will mean making better use of desert land, sun, and salt water the abundant riches of the region which can be harnessed to underpin sustainable growth. More mundane, but just as important, new thinking will also mean planning for dramatically better management of the water already available. Right now, water is very poorly managed in MENA. Inefficiencies are notorious in agriculture, where irrigation consumes up to 81 percent of extracted water. Similarly, municipal and industrial water supply systems have abnormally high losses, and most utilities are financially unsustainable. In addition, many MENA countries overexploit their fossil aquifers to meet growing water demand. None of this is sustainable while water resources decline. This volume hopes to add to the ongoing thinking and planning by presenting methodologies to address the water demand gap. It assesses the viability of desalination powered by renewable energy from economic, social, technical, and environmental viewpoints, and it reviews initiatives attempting to make renewable energy desalination a competitively viable option. The authors also highlight the change required in terms of policy, financing, and regional cooperation to make this alternative method of desalination a success. And as with any leading edge technology, the conversation here is of course about scale, cost, environmental impact, and where countries share water bodies plain good neighborly behavior.

The fields covered by the hydrogen energy topic have grown rapidly, and now it has become clearly multidisciplinary. In addition to production, hydrogen purification and especially storage are key challenges that could limit the use of hydrogen fuel. In this book, the purification of hydrogen with membrane technology and its storage in \"solid\" form using new hydrides and carbon materials are addressed. Other novelties of this volume include the power conditioning of water electrolyzers, the integration in the electric grid of renewable hydrogen systems and the future role of microreactors and micro-process engineering in hydrogen technology as well as the potential of computational fluid dynamics to hydrogen equipment design and the assessment of safety issues. Finally, and being aware that transportation will likely constitute the first commercial application of hydrogen fuel, two chapters are devoted to the recent advances in hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines for transport vehicles.

Recent progress in functional materials is driven by the global need for more sustainable technological developments and the obtainment of clean and affordable energy while maintaining the demanding standards of high-performance devices. The development of nanomaterial oxides is an active research area with meaningful applications in energy generation, transformation and storage. This comprehensive book covers the latest research on sustainable nanomaterials for energy applications. The book covers fundamental and applied issues, such as selected synthesis techniques for nanomaterials and their development in applications covering the generation, storage and transformation of energy. The book is a valuable reference text for researchers in the nanotechnology, oxides and energy fields. Readers will benefit from a complete perspective not only of the materials and applications but of other considerations in the context of sustainability.

Throughout the world, the threat of climate change is pressing governments to accelerate the deployment of technologies to generate low carbon electricity or heat. But this is frequently leading to controversy, as energy and planning policies are revised to support new energy sources or technologies (e.g. offshore wind, tidal, bioenergy or hydrogen energy) and communities face the prospect of unfamiliar, often large-scale energy technologies being sited near to their homes. Policy makers in many countries face tensions between 'streamlining' planning procedures, engaging with diverse publics to address what is commonly conceived as 'NIMBY' (not in my back yard) opposition, and the need to maintain democratic, participatory values in planning systems. This volume provides a timely, international review of research on public engagement, in contexts of diverse, innovative energy technologies. Public engagement is conceived broadly - as the interaction between how developers and other key actors engage with publics about energy technologies (including assumptions held about the methods used, such as the provision of financial benefits or the holding of deliberative events), and how individuals and groups engage with energy policies and projects (including indirectly through the media and directly through emotional and behavioural responses). The book's contributors are leading experts in the UK, Europe, North and South America and Australia drawn from a variety of relevant social science disciplinary perspectives. The book makes a significant contribution to our existing knowledge, as well as providing interested professionals, policymakers and members of the public with a timely overview of the critical issues involved in public engagement with low carbon energy technologies.

To attain a high voltage gain between the source and the load, source-impedance networks are employed. Unlike the first suggested topologies without magnetically connected inductors, magnetically coupled source-impedance networks are suggested to obtain higher voltage gain with a shorter transition time. This work proposes a new, non-isolated, high-gain, and highly efficient DC–DC converter that uses active linked inductor impedance source to boost a solar panel’s output power. An ideal switching pulse generator and coupled inductors are used in the suggested structure to boost the voltage gain. In the meantime, the suggested converter exhibits a low duty ratio and large voltage gain. Because it is used in the first input voltage stage, the switch voltage strains are also lessened. Efficiency is raised and conduction losses are decreased by using low voltage switches and minimal on-state resistance since the switch voltage stresses are lower than the output voltage. The usage of a π-like transformer connection type has also produced a very high gain in this converter. The performance of the suggested converter has been verified using simulations conducted with MATLAB/Simulink. In order to get the transformer coefficients, the Starfish optimization technique was also used to optimize the suggested circuit. According to the simulation results, the suggested converter can be used with photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy source applications.

The global energy sector is currently undergoing a transformative shift mainly driven by the ongoing and increasing demand for clean, sustainable, and reliable energy solutions. However, integrating renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind, solar, and hydropower, introduces major challenges due to the intermittent and variable nature of RES, affecting grid stability and reliability. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), which combine multiple energy storage devices (ESDs), present a promising solution by leveraging the complementary strengths of each technology involved. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in grid-connected HESS, focusing on their components, design considerations, control strategies, and applications. It provides a detailed analysis of technological progress in various ESDs and the critical role of power conversion, control, energy management, and cooling systems in optimizing HESS performance. Highlighting case studies of some notable and successful HESS implementations across the globe, we illustrate practical applications and identify the benefits and challenges encountered. By addressing these challenges, HESS can significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of RES, supporting the shift towards a sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions, highlighting the development of intelligent control systems, sustainable materials, and efficient recycling processes to ensure the widespread adoption and long-term viability of HESS.

Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as Energy Vector presents the fundamentals, techno-economic challenges, applications, and state-of-the-art research in using green ammonia as a route toward the hydrogen economy. This book presents practical implications and case studies of a great variety of methods to recover stored energy from ammonia and use it for power, along with transport and heating applications, including its production, storage, transportation, regulations, public perception, and safety aspects. As a unique reference in this field, this book can be used both as a handbook by researchers and a source of background knowledge by graduate students developing technologies in the fields of hydrogen economy, hydrogen energy, and energy storage.