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The Cameroon power sector is currently undergoing a period of transition with government setting ambitions to increase the generation of clean electricity to meet the rapidly growing demand. A significant aspect of this transition is the phasing out of some thermal plants and supporting power generation with renewables. This can be achieved through the heavy exploitation of the renewable energy resources in the country. In line with this goal, the study assesses the feasibility of a 211.75 MW solar PV power plant in Yaounde, Cameroon using RETScreen Expert. The simulation showed an annual electricity production of 304,668.191 MWh with arrays mounted on a fixed axis. The model considered a debt ratio of 40%, debt interest rate of 12%, PV cost per kW of $1371 and a total system initial cost of $291,791,500. The annual revenue from exporting power to the grid was $36,560,183 and a capacity factor of 16.4%. The solar PV project was economically viable with a cost of energy (COE) of $75.43/MWh or $0.075/kWh and a gross annual GHG emission reduction potential of 61,004.5 tCO 2 corresponding to 141,870.9 barrels of crude oil not used throughout the project life time. The benefit-cost ratio obtained in the simulation was 4.5 which implies that the project is profitable (ratio is greater than 1). The project break-even point of equity payback was 9.2 years while the simple payback was 8.9 years. The PV system had an IRR-assets of 7.4%, which was below the debt interest rate of Cameroonian financial institutions hence, the project will be attractive to investors. Also, the project risk and sensitivity analysis showed that a reduction in the project's initial cost had a significant effect on the net present value (NPV) and the cost of energy production. Similarly, a rise in the grid electricity export reduced the cost of energy production when the confidence level was set to 90%.

This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the influence of array losses on the financial sustainability and economic viability of wind farm projects with a capacity of 100 MW. The Al-Fajer site has been proposed for a feasibility study to assess the viability of building an onshore wind farm. The assessment of investment costs was conducted using the RETScreen program. The findings demonstrated that alterations in array losses impact the amount of energy exported to the grid, influencing changes in revenue, pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). When array losses in (case 1) decrease by 2%, that will positively impact financial feasibility factors. Therefore, it will lead to a gain in income for all turbines; the net present value (NPV) and pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR) values experienced an increase, indicating a positive impact on the project’s profitability. When array losses in (case 2) increase by 2%, it will lead to negative results on the wind farm and, thus, reduce the energy exported to the grid; wind turbine revenue will experience a decline. This increase substantially affects the NPV and IRR, leading to decreases. The capacity factor experienced a drop, resulting in significant changes to the project’s financial returns. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) has increased due to decreased production, leading to higher prices. The simple payback likewise experienced a boost beyond its usual norms.

Hydropower in the United Kingdom (UK) remains underexplored due to its dependence on site‐specific geographical and hydrological conditions. This study aims to assess the technical and economic feasibility of installing a small‐scale hydropower system at an existing weir on the River Colne. Hydrological assessment was conducted using a 95% dependable flow duration curve (FDC) to estimate available flow and power output, while system performance and economic viability were evaluated using RETScreen modelling and sensitivity analysis. Results indicate a maximum capacity of 76.5 kW and annual generation of 284,384 kWh, offsetting approximately 3235 tonnes of CO 2 . Economic analysis yields a net present value (NPV) of £322,769, a benefit‐cost ratio of 4.5, an internal rate of return of 9.4% and a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) of £0.132/kWh, with simple and equity payback periods of 15.3 and 17.2 years, respectively. The findings confirm technical and economic viability and provide a replicable framework for site‐specific hydropower assessment in the UK.

Global interest in using biomass feedstock to produce heat and power is increasing. In this study, RETScreen modelling software was used to investigate the feasibility of biomass heating system in Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus. Weiss Kessel Multicratboiler system with 2 MW capacity using rice straw biomass as fuel and 10 units of RBI® CB0500 boilers with 144 kW capacity using natural gas as fuel were selected for the proposed biomass heating system. The total cost of the biomass heating project is US$ 786,390. The project has a pre-tax and after tax internal rate of return (IRR) of 122.70%, simple payback period of 2.54 years, equity payback period of 0.83 year, a net present value of US$ 3,357,138.29, an annual lifecycle savings of US$ 262,617.91, a benefit-cost ratio of 21.83, an electricity cost of $0/kWh and a GHG reduction cost of −204.66 $/tCO₂. The annual GHG emission reduction is 1,283.2 tCO₂, which is equivalent to 118 hectares of forest absorbing carbon. The development and adoption of this renewable energy technology will save costs on buying conventional type of heating system and result in a large technical and economic potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions which will satisfy the sustainable development goals.

This paper investigated the potential and economic validity of wind and solar energy at 17 selected locations in the Red Sea state, Sudan, for the first time. To this aim, the NASA database was utilized. The results demonstrated that vertical axis wind turbines would be a good solution for electricity generation for building in the selected locations. Additionally, it is found that the chosen areas are suitable for installing photovoltaic (PV) systems due to the high-value solar radiation. Moreover, the economic viability of small-scale wind and PV systems for rooftop buildings in the selected regions is investigated. For a financial analysis of wind turbines, the performance of different characteristics of vertical axis winds was evaluated based on the determination of capacity factor and energy production cost. For the economic validity of installing PV systems, RETScreen Expert software was used. The results indicate that the annual production energy from wind turbines and solar power is within the range of 158.50–29,063.93kWh and 6648–15,533 kWh, respectively. This amount of energy output would reduce the effect of global warming and enhance the sustainable technological development of the country. Moreover, the results indicate that model#9 (Vertical Axis Wind Generator-V) with a capacity of 5 kW has the lowest cost value (0.08703–0.01025 $/kWh) compared to the other selected turbines for the studied locations. Besides, the average energy production cost is within the range of 0.036–0.049 $/kWh for PV systems. In the end, it is concluded that using small-scale renewable energy systems will help reduce the electricity bills and the dependency on fossil fuels, the effect of global warming, and enhance the country’s sustainable technological development.

Prediction of energy production is crucial for the design and installation of PV plants. In this study, five free and commercial software tools to predict photovoltaic energy production are evaluated: RETScreen, Solar Advisor Model (SAM), PVGIS, PVSyst, and PV*SOL. The evaluation involves a comparison of monthly and annually predicted data on energy supplied to the national grid with real field data collected from three real PV plants. All the systems, located in Castile and Leon (Spain), have three different tilting systems: fixed mounting, horizontal-axis tracking, and dual-axis tracking. The last 12 years of operating data, from 2008 to 2020, are used in the evaluation. Although the commercial software tools were easier to use and their installations could be described in detail, their results were not appreciably superior. In annual global terms, the results hid poor estimations throughout the year, where overestimations were compensated by underestimated results. This fact was reflected in the monthly results: the software yielded overestimates during the colder months, while the models showed better estimates during the warmer months. In most studies, the deviation was below 10% when the annual results were analyzed. The accuracy of the software was also reduced when the complexity of the dual-axis solar tracking systems replaced the fixed installation.

Nowadays, the aviation industry is one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. An optimum solution to this concern is the substitution of conventional electricity consumption with clean energy sources. Barren lands are available in airport sites as buffer zones. These lands can be utilized to generate electricity from clean energy sources like solar, wind, and others. This study proposed a 5 MW grid-connected solar power plant at airport sites by utilizing the substantial barren area of the airport. The targeted airports for this study are Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka, and Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Mathematical and simulation analyses have been performed for this purpose. Besides, sustainability analysis has also been incorporated for the grid-connected solar power plant. The energy efficiency varies from 18.74 to 7.79% for the Shah Amanat International Airport, and for the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, it ranges from 17.71 to 7.45%. Based on the project outcome, the revenue earned was 25% higher if the total cost was invested in power plants rather than keeping it in the bank as a deposit. On the other hand, emission analysis presented that a gross reduction of 3827.5 tons of CO 2 /MWh can be achieved from the Shah Amanat International Airport, while 3926 tons of CO 2 /MWh can be removed from the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. Based on the sustainability analysis, the energy depletion ratio for Shahjalal Airport varies from 0.82 to 0.93, while for Shah Amanat Airport, it is in the range of 0.81 and 0.92. The findings of this study suggested that investment in grid-connected solar power plants is economically viable and environmentally benign.

Renewable energy, including solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, is essential for worldwide decarbonization. This study compares high‐efficiency, large collector area (HE/LCA) modules to low‐efficiency, small collector area (LE/SCA) modules with a 100 MW power capacity. RETScreen Expert was used to do a techno‐economic and environmental study on two systems: the Jinko‐615 W (HE/LCA) and the Seraphim‐270 W (LE/SCA). Over a 20‐year lifetime, the Jinko system is expected to provide more than double the total energy of the Seraphim system, which is 3.94 TWh. The Jinko system generated$44.83 million in power export income each year, compared with Seraphim’s $ 19.68 million, and had a far greater Net Present Value (NPV) of$132.81 million compared with Seraphim’s $ 58.31 million. A higher internal rate of return and a lower levelized cost of electricity ( $0.085/kWh) emphasized the Jinko configuration’s stronger financial stability. The Jinko system significantly reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 220,932 tCO 2 e annually, surpassing Seraphim’s decrease of 96,995 tCO 2 e. Sensitivity and probabilistic studies confirmed its higher possibility of long‐term profitability and better financial resilience. The Jinko design provides a higher internal rate of return and a lower levelized cost of energy ($ 0.085/kWh), while also doubling annual GHG emission reductions. The study indicates that high‐efficiency modules, while more expensive initially, yield superior economic and environmental benefits for utility‐scale PV systems.

Currently, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine could have an impact on the EU region’s energy-dependent relationships. This study lays out a strategy for luring energy corporate investors to make investments in clean energy technology, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by wood burning while also advancing the regional long-term technological development and energy sustainability. On the other hand, we assessed the financial, technological, and environmental elements of suggested energy plans for the country using RETScreen simulation. We used a NASA satellite database to evaluate the climate data of the proposed site, and the local currency, the Euro, was used to assess the financial viability. In addition, our analysis encouraged policymakers, energy operators, entrepreneurs, and energy industry stakeholders to invest in green technology innovation. The research details the technical analysis and optimal orientation for installing solar arrays in the Porto/Pedras Rubras area, as well as discussing the architecture of a 100 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic system. Financial, carbon emission, and risk analyses of the proposed system are also presented in this study. There are a number of other significant benefits to this study as well. It makes the state less reliant on volatile energy markets in other countries and shows how to get long-term energy security. Second, the RETScreen results inspired business owners and other stakeholders to make investments in green technologies.

Fossil fuels are the primary energy sources of China, which are not only expensive but have adverse environmental impacts. To cope with this situation, the Chinese government wants to fulfil 25% of its energy consumption by non-fossil fuels by 2030. In this perspective, we selected the solar sources of the country and collected solar irradiation data for one year in the six big cities of China in 2022. For the analysis of data and assessing the effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV), RETScreen and MATLAB were utilized. A further step was taken by performing the life cycle assessment (LCA) to scrutinize the different features of solar energy, including fuel consumption, price, average lifetime, maintenance and operation expenses, land requirements, and greenhouse gas emissions. Results reveal that all these cities have enormous solar power potential. However, the highest solar power (0.27 kW) is generated in Nanchang city, while the lowest power (0.21 kW) is generated in Sanya city. Solar energy is durable and has a good average lifespan but can be costly, as PV panels lose efficiency due to dust and pollution. The regular cleaning of PV panels, in turn, demands substantial cost. Based on research results, significant policy suggestions have been recommended to fulfil the country’s energy demand on its way to a future of sustainable development.