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Multidrug Resistance: An Emerging Crisis
The resistance among various microbial species (infectious agents) to different antimicrobial drugs has emerged as a cause of public health threat all over the world at a terrifying rate. Due to the pacing advent of new resistance mechanisms and decrease in efficiency of treating common infectious diseases, it results in failure of microbial response to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, higher expenditures for health care, and an immense risk of death. Almost all the capable infecting agents (e.g., bacteria, fungi, virus, and parasite) have employed high levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) with enhanced morbidity and mortality; thus, they are referred to as “super bugs.” Although the development of MDR is a natural phenomenon, the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, inadequate sanitary conditions, inappropriate food-handling, and poor infection prevention and control practices contribute to emergence of and encourage the further spread of MDR. Considering the significance of MDR, this paper, emphasizes the problems associated with MDR and the need to understand its significance and mechanisms to combat microbial infections.
Journal Article
Food Processing and Maillard Reaction Products: Effect on Human Health and Nutrition
Maillard reaction produces flavour and aroma during cooking process; and it is used almost everywhere from the baking industry to our day to day life to make food tasty. It is often called nonenzymatic browning reaction since it takes place in the absence of enzyme. When foods are being processed or cooked at high temperature, chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars leads to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Depending on the way the food is being processed, both beneficial and toxic MRPs can be produced. Therefore, there is a need to understand the different types of MRPs and their positive or negative health effects. In this review we have summarized how food processing effects MRP formation in some of the very common foods.
Journal Article
How PLGA Microspheres are Emerging as a Key Drug Delivery System
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are a clinically established platform for sustained and controlled drug delivery, offering tunable degradation and reduced dosing frequency. This review critically appraises PLGA microsphere technology, linking materials science with clinical translation. We examine how molecular parameters—molecular weight, lactide-to-glycolide ratio, and terminal group chemistry—affect degradation and release kinetics. Key fabrication methods (emulsion-solvent evaporation, spray drying, membrane emulsification, and microfluidics) are compared for their control over encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and scalability. Release mechanisms, including diffusion, swelling, and erosion, are discussed alongside strategies to mitigate burst release. The review also addresses in vivo pharmacokinetics, recent clinical progress in oncology and vaccine delivery, regulatory challenges, manufacturing hurdles, and future directions such as stimuli-responsive microspheres and AI-guided formulation design.
Journal Article
Making our democracy work : a judge's view
Justice Breyer discusses what the Court must do going forward to maintain that public confidence and argues for interpreting the Constitution in a way that works in practice. He forcefully rejects competing approaches that look exclusively to the Constitution's text or to the eighteenth-century views of the framers. Instead, he advocates a pragmatic approach that applies unchanging constitutional values to ever-changing circumstances--an approach that will best demonstrate to the public that the Constitution continues to serve us well.-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Nanomedicine Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Precision Delivery and Immune Microenvironment Modulation
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and progressive joint destruction. Despite their established clinical benefits, conventional antirheumatic drugs remain hampered by poor targeting precision, systemic toxicity, and inadequate immunomodulation of the dysregulated microenvironment. The recent development of nanomedicine technology offers transformative potential to address these therapeutic challenges. This review comprehensively examines the application of advanced nano-platforms in RA management, with particular focus on their dual roles in precision drug delivery and immune microenvironment remodeling. The discussion encompasses multifunctional nanomaterials that enable precise drug transport while actively regulating pathological processes through reactive oxygen species scavenging, hypoxia mitigation, and immune cell reprogramming. Additionally, the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions within nanomaterial systems represents a significant advancement in RA theranostics. Finally, translational challenges and future directions are critically analyzed to map the clinical development path for intelligent RA nanomedicine.
Journal Article