Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
298,385
result(s) for
"ROOTS"
Sort by:
Experiment with a plant's roots
Roots help keep plants alive. They take in water and minerals. But do you know how much of a plant is made up of its roots? Or whether roots always grow down? Simple step-by-step instructions help readers explore science concepts and analyze information.
Book
peptide-encoding CEP1 gene modulates lateral root and nodule numbers in Medicago truncatula
The role of MtCEP1, a member of the CEP (C-terminally encoded peptide) signaling peptide family, was examined in Medicago truncatula root development. MtCEP1 was expressed in root tips, vascular tissue, and young lateral organs, and was up-regulated by low nitrogen levels and, independently, by elevated CO2. Overexpressing MtCEP1 or applying MtCEP1 peptide to roots elicited developmental phenotypes: inhibition of lateral root formation, enhancement of nodulation, and the induction of periodic circumferential root swellings, which arose from cortical, epidermal, and pericycle cell divisions and featured an additional cortical cell layer. MtCEP peptide addition to other legume species induced similar phenotypes. The enhancement of nodulation by MtCEP1 is partially tolerant to high nitrate, which normally strongly suppresses nodulation. These nodules develop faster, are larger, and fix more nitrogen in the absence and presence of inhibiting nitrate levels. At 25mM nitrate, nodules formed on pre-existing swelling sites induced by MtCEP1 overexpression. RNA interference-mediated silencing of several MtCEP genes revealed a negative correlation between transcript levels of MtCEP1 and MtCEP2 with the number of lateral roots. MtCEP1 peptide-dependent phenotypes were abolished or attenuated by altering or deleting key residues in its 15 amino acid domain. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 89 and 116 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, by MtCEP1 overexpression, including transcription factors WRKY, bZIP, ERF, and MYB, homologues of LOB29, SUPERROOT2, and BABY BOOM. Taken together, the data suggest that the MtCEP1 peptide modulates lateral root and nodule development in M. truncatula.
Journal Article
Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review
BackgroundPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development but it is often a limiting nutrient in soils. Hence, P acquisition from soil by plant roots is a subject of considerable interest in agriculture, ecology and plant root biology. Root architecture, with its shape and structured development, can be considered as an evolutionary response to scarcity of resources.ScopeThis review discusses the significance of root architecture development in response to low P availability and its beneficial effects on alleviation of P stress. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms in root developmental adaptation to P starvation. The progress in a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms might be used for developing strategies that build upon the observed explorative behaviour of plant roots.ConclusionsThe role of root architecture in alleviation of P stress is well documented. However, this paper describes how plants adjust their root architecture to low-P conditions through inhibition of primary root growth, promotion of lateral root growth, enhancement of root hair development and cluster root formation, which all promote P acquisition by plants. The mechanisms for activating alterations in root architecture in response to P deprivation depend on changes in the localized P concentration, and transport of or sensitivity to growth regulators such as sugars, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA). In the process, many genes are activated, which in turn trigger changes in molecular, physiological and cellular processes. As a result, root architecture is modified, allowing plants to adapt effectively to the low-P environment. This review provides a framework for understanding how P deficiency alters root architecture, with a focus on integrated physiological and molecular signalling.
Journal Article
Comparison of post-operative pain prevalence after single visit endodontic treatment with two NiTi rotary files - a randomized clinical trial
In root canal treatment, post-operative endodontic pain is considered as a common post-operative complication. Knowledge about its causes helps the clinician in proper instrument and technique selection to decrease its incidence. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the post-operative pain occurrence after single visit root canal preparation using ProTaper Universal rotary system or M-Pro rotary system. Eighty patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular first molars were allocated into two groups. In group A (
n
= 40): root canal preparation was performed using ProTaper Universal system and in group B (
n
= 40): root canal preparation was performed using M-Pro rotary system. Pain level was assessed by the patient using the numerical rating scale (NRS) at 24 h and 7 days postoperatively. The patients were advised to take the prescribed analgesics in case of emergency need. Data and statistical analysis showed that there was significant decrease in pain in both groups after 24 h and after 7 days. Insignificant difference was found between ProTaper Universal group and M-Pro group after 24 h and after 7 days. Insignificant difference was found in analgesics intake between both groups after 24 h and after 7 days.
Trial registration: The trial protocol was registered at
https://ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT06777381), registered January 15, 2024.
Journal Article
Complementarity in nutrient foraging strategies of absorptive fine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across 14 coexisting subtropical tree species
In most cases, both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are needed for plant nutrient foraging. Frequently, the colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi seems to be greater in species with thick and sparsely branched roots than in species with thin and densely branched roots. Yet, whether a complementarity exists between roots and mycorrhizal fungi across these two types of root system remains unclear.
We measured traits related to nutrient foraging (root morphology, architecture and proliferation, AM colonization and extramatrical hyphal length) across 14 coexisting AM subtropical tree species following root pruning and nutrient addition treatments.
After root pruning, species with thinner roots showed more root growth, but lower mycorrhizal colonization, than species with thicker roots. Under multi-nutrient (NPK) addition, root growth increased, but mycorrhizal colonization decreased significantly, whereas no significant changes were found under nitrogen or phosphate additions. Moreover, root length proliferation was mainly achieved by altering root architecture, but not root morphology.
Thin-root species seem to forage nutrients mainly via roots, whereas thick-root species rely more on mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi was reduced by nutrient additions across all species. These findings highlight complementary strategies for nutrient foraging across coexisting species with contrasting root traits.
Journal Article
Plant microRNAs: key regulators of root architecture and biotic interactions
Plants have evolved a remarkable faculty of adaptation to deal with various and changing environmental conditions. In this context, the roots have taken over nutritional aspects and the root system architecture can be modulated in response to nutrient availability or biotic interactions with soil microorganisms. This adaptability requires a fine tuning of gene expression. Indeed, root specification and development are highly complex processes requiring gene regulatory networks involved in hormonal regulations and cell identity. Among the different molecular partners governing root development, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players for the fast regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are small RNAs involved in most developmental processes and are required for the normal growth of organisms, by the negative regulation of key genes, such as transcription factors and hormone receptors. Here, we review the known roles of miRNAs in root specification and development, from the embryonic roots to the establishment of root symbioses, highlighting the major roles of miRNAs in these processes.
Journal Article