Explore the vast range of titles available.

Evaluating driver proficiency remains a fundamental determinant of road safety, regulatory adherence, and public confidence in licensing systems. This paper presents the Smart Driving Test System (SDTS), a fully integrated, sensor-based, microcontroller-driven framework designed to automate and standardize the assessment of driving skills. A functional prototype demonstrates SDTS capability to replace subjective human judgment with objective, repeatable, and data-centric performance metrics. The work includes a comprehensive feasibility analysis encompassing technological maturity, economic viability, operational deployment, and legal compliance, further supported by a detailed cost estimation model and implementation strategy. A comparative assessment with established international smart driving evaluation platforms underscores SDTS’s distinctive contributions in communication architecture, modular hardware configuration, graphical user interface functionalities, and scalable system design. The paper also outlines prospective enhancements, including the incorporation of machine learning for predictive performance analysis, adoption of low-power wireless communication protocols such as ZigBee and LoRa to simplify installation, utilization of cloud-based analytics for centralized monitoring, and employment of multimodal sensor fusion to improve environmental perception. By bridging the gap between conventional manual testing procedures and next-generation automated evaluation, SDTS significantly enhances the transparency, consistency, and reliability of driver certification processes. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for the digital transformation of transportation licensing infrastructure and aligns with broader advancements toward intelligent transportation ecosystems, promoting safer roads, harmonized assessment standards, and strengthened public trust in driver qualification frameworks.

Background: Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) for telecommunication sites operate by providing reliable power supply at 100% uptime and billing the mobile operators accommodated on their sites for power usage. To achieve this, there is a need for them to accurately meter the power consumed by connected telecommunication equipment. Method: This work focused on the design and implementation of a remote monitoring agent (RMA) that will pool both power and environmental data from a telecommunication site. The data pool can be presented as real-time data on the RMA's webpage, it can be downloaded as historical data, and it can be sent to a remote cloud server at regular intervals. The RMA collects both power and environmental data over an RS485 Modbus network and I2C bus respectively. An alternating current (AC) energy meter and a direct current (DC) energy meter were used to harvest the energy data while the environmental data were harvested using a developed Input/Output controller board based on an Atmega328P microcontroller. Raspberry pi was used as the master controller and Node.js was used to build the application running on the master controller.  Result: The result showed how both power and environmental data can be harvested from a telecommunication site and locally presented on the web dashboard for real-time monitoring of the site power system. The data could be saved locally on the RMA and downloaded for future use. Conclusion: The implementation of this work provided a prototype of the remote monitoring agent (RMA) that can be deployed by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) in the telecommunication industry to monitor the usage of the power systems on a cell site.

Unmanned ship is a kind of surface robot with integrated technology, which is composed of multiple disciplines, including intelligent remote control, wireless communication, autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance algorithm.When the unmanned ship is sailing in the water, it is difficult to control its dynamic performance due to the influence of sea conditions. Therefore, the research on the unmanned ship technology has extremely important practical value. In order to improve its maneuverability and control accuracy, an unmanned ship based on two engines and two propellers is proposed. This paper designs an unmanned ship bottom system with two engines and two propellers. The system is mainly composed of two main engines, including two generators and two rudders and propellers. Two of them adopt Controller Area Network communication protocol and are controlled by two Controller Area Network communication interfaces respectively; The two generators adopt RS485 serial port communication protocol and are controlled by two RS485 serial ports respectively; The two-rudder propeller equipment adopt RS485 serial port communication protocol and are controlled by the other two RS485 serial ports respectively.Through the experiment, it is found that the unmanned ship equipped with two engines and two propellers can better control the navigation accuracy of the ship and have high maneuverability.

This research explores the design of a system for monitoring driver drowsiness and supervising seat belt usage in interprovincial buses. In Peru, road accidents involving long-distance bus transportation amounted to 5449 in 2022, and the human factor plays a significant role. It is essential to understand how the use of non-invasive sensors for monitoring and supervising passengers and drivers can enhance safety in interprovincial transportation. The objective of this research is to develop a system using a Raspberry Pi 4 and Arduino Nano that allows for the storage of monitoring data. To achieve this, a conventional camera and MediaPipe were used for driver drowsiness detection, while passenger supervision was carried out using a combination of commercially available sensors as well as custom-built sensors. RS485 communication was utilized to store data related to both the driver and passengers. The simulations conducted demonstrate a high level of reliability in detecting driver drowsiness under specific conditions and the correct operation of the sensors for passenger supervision. Therefore, the proposed system is feasible and can be implemented for real-world testing. The implications of this research suggest that the system’s cost is not a barrier to its implementation, thus contributing to improved safety in interprovincial transportation.

High-frequency data collection in large-scale IoT sensing systems requires communication architectures that can maintain low latency and stable throughput as sensor density increases. Conventional RS485-based polling structures suffer from rapid performance degradation under multi-node and high-rate conditions due to their sequential communication model. In this study, we present a comparative performance analysis of parallel MQTT and RS485 communication architectures for high-frequency IoT sensing. The proposed parallel MQTT structure is implemented with topic-level parallelism, QoS-based reliability control, and non-blocking scheduling, and its performance is quantitatively evaluated under multi-sensor experimental conditions. Experimental results show that the parallel MQTT architecture achieves lower average latency (98 ms vs. 178 ms), higher message success rate (99.2% vs. 94.5%), and higher throughput compared to the RS485-based system. In addition, we analyze message loss behavior under high-frequency operation and examine how topic hierarchy and asynchronous processing affect broker-side congestion.

Aiming at the problems in the traditional peanut sowing operation process, such as single monitoring mode, lack of online monitoring function, inability to deeply utilize data, and difficulty in tracing the sowing quality, an online monitoring system for peanut sowing parameters based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was designed. The online monitoring system for peanut sowing parameters consists of a peanut seed-metering monitoring device, an on-board monitoring terminal, and an online monitoring cloud platform. The system can monitor parameters such as seed spacing, seeding rate, missed seeding, vehicle speed, temperature, and humidity. It transmits data through RS485 and IoT communication, and supports local interaction and cloud data storage and analysis. The seed-metering monitoring device uses laser opposite reflection and window fiber optic sensors to monitor the missed seeding and seed-metering status in real time. The on-board terminal uses an optoelectronic rotary encoder to collect the rotational speed and calculate the parameters. The operation status is displayed through the human-machine interaction module, and the data is packaged and sent to the cloud server via a wireless network. The online monitoring cloud platform selects the Alibaba Cloud IoT platform, connects with it through the MQTT protocol, and conducts visual development using IoT-studio to achieve data display, analysis, and statistics. Through the test on the simulated test bench, the accuracy rates of the seed spacing, seeding rate, and missed seeding monitoring of the seed-metering monitoring module of the system exceed 98.02%, 98.03%, and 99%, respectively. The field test based on the actual seeder shows that the monitoring effect of the seed spacing of 16 cm and 20 cm is good. The accuracy rate of the 27 cm seed spacing decreases slightly with the increase of the speed but still exceeds 97%. The accuracy rates of the missed seeding and seeding rate monitoring exceed 98%, and the online monitoring module transmits data normally. After testing, each part of the system has good performance, meeting the functional and accuracy requirements of the online monitoring of peanut sowing operation parameters.

This paper presents a lightweight end-effector quick-change control system for robotic arms, designed for scenarios such as workpiece assembly that require rapid switching between multiple end-effectors. The system utilizes a proprietary quick-change mechanism as its hardware foundation. Its main disk employs a modular and lightweight design compatible with small collaborative robots like the UR3. Motor-driven claws enable automatic tool locking and unlocking. To unify control interfaces for heterogeneous motor-driven tools, this paper proposes a universal peripheral adapter circuit based on the RS485 bus and a tool ID recognition mechanism, establishing a standardized four-wire interface for multi-tool sharing. At the control level, embedded control programs were developed for both the quick-change device and the tool end. An upper-level control platform based on ROS and MoveIt was established to achieve automatic quick-change and task sequence control during typical robotic operations such as “drilling-assembly workpiece.” Statistics from 20 locking time and communication success rate tests, along with 30 complete assembly experiments, demonstrate that the average quick-change locking time is 1.81 s, communication success rate is 100%, and a 93.3% assembly process success rate. These results validate the feasibility and stability of the proposed lightweight robotic arm end-effector quick-change control system in workpiece assembly scenarios, providing an expandable and reproducible quick-change control solution for multi-task operations of lightweight robotic arms.

Electrical installations represent an important part of the industry. In this sense, knowing the state of the electrical installation in real time through the readings of the installed power analyzers is of vital importance. For this purpose, the RS485 bus can be used, which most electrical installations already have. An alternative to the bus wiring and its distance limitation is the use of low-power wide area networks (LPWAN). The long range (LoRa) protocol is ideal for industries due to its low-power consumption and coverage of up to 10 km. In this research, a device is developed to control all the reading and programming functions of a power analyzer and to integrate the device into the LoRa LPWAN network. The power analyzer monitor and programming device (PAMPD) is inexpensive and small enough to be installed in electrical panels, together with the power analyzer, without additional wiring. The information collected is available in the cloud in real time, allowing a multitude of analysis be run and optimization in real time. The results support high efficiency in information transmission with average information loss rate of 3% and a low average transmission time of 30 ms.

This design is mainly composed of RS485 communication network systems, host control systems and slave control system. The RS485 communication network system is mainly to complete the transmission of data. Host control system uses STC12C5A60S2 SCM as the core processor. The host machine gets an information from the slave machine and displays the corresponding slave machine position and alarm contents via LCD screen; Slave control system uses STC11F04E SCM as the core processor and achieves acquisition and transmission of the alarm signal. The design is mainly to solve the data interference of the multi-machine communication and achieve the data communication of multi-MCU through the RS485 bus. It achieves long-distance data transmission through RS485 bus. When the sensors and alarm devices are far away, multi-machine communication systems can communicate properly.

In order to design an effective and reliable RS485 bus protocol based on RS485 bus, this paper introduces the structure and transmission mode of the command frame and the response frame, and also introduce four control measures and the communication in order to process quality of this system. The communication protocol is open, tolerant, reliable and fast, and can realize ignition more reliable and accurate in the intelligent initiation system.