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"RURAL POVERTY"
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Hope over fate : Fazle Hasan Abed and the science of ending global poverty
\"This book tells the story of Fazle Hasan Abed (1936-2019), a former finance executive with almost no experience in relief aid who founded BRAC in 1972. Abed's methods have changed the way global policymakers think about poverty\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Multidimensional poverty and livelihood strategies in rural Iran
Poverty alleviation is a global challenge that concerns particularly developing countries, and its reduction has been identified as the first Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Poverty is a multidimensional and place-oriented phenomenon that cannot be determined with monetary and strict indicators. It also is interrelated with many factors, including household livelihood strategies. Therefore, the main goals of this paper were (a) to introduce a local index to measure the multidimensional poverty situation of rural areas of Iran, (b) to introduce a proper index to evaluate the livelihood strategy of rural households (LSI), and (c) to investigate the relationship between poverty and livelihood strategy. This study uses the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and a fuzzy approach to evaluate household poverty and livelihood strategy. A sample includes about 20 thousand rural households and was used in this regard. The results indicated that the value of MPI is 0.349, and about 45% of rural households are deprived in at least two-thirds of poverty indicators, and 62.5% of them live in deprived households. Education dimension had the highest contribution in MPI, the LSI value was 0.531, which means rural households often have integrated livelihood strategy, and rural households whose livelihood strategies were more dependent on agriculture also faced with higher poverty and deprivation scores. Finally, the elimination of rural poverty requires a smart approach that is both holistic and systematic.
Journal Article
Does industry convergence between agriculture and related sectors alleviate rural poverty: evidence from China
Enhancing the synergies between agriculture and related sectors in rural areas is considered an important development strategy to eliminate rural poverty. This article provides evidence for this view by analyzing the effect of industry convergence between agriculture and related sectors on rural poverty. Based on China’s provincial panel data, we use two-way fixed effects model, system generalized method of moments and panel-corrected standard error estimator to quantitatively assess this effect. We find that: (1) the convergence of agriculture and tourism (ATOU), the convergence of agriculture and processing industry (APOS), and the convergence of planting and breeding industry (MIXA) have positive and significant effects on poverty reduction. The convergence of agriculture and the internet industry (AINT) has a positive but not significant effect. (2) Rural local employment plays an important role as a bridge in the impact of convergence on poverty reduction. ATOU and MIXA reduce poverty by increasing self-employment opportunities. APOS reduces poverty by providing more jobs. (3) Except for APOS, the effects of other types of convergence tend to stabilize or improve in the later period. (4) Convergence has the most significant impact on poverty reduction in western China. The findings provide inspiration for developing countries with agricultural foundations to choose appropriate rural development paths for reducing rural poverty.
Journal Article
Rural Poverty Alleviation Strategies and Social Capital Link: The Mediation Role of Women Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
This article presents a novel insight into the extent to which social capital, social innovation, and women entrepreneurial activities contribute to rural poverty alleviation. Applying the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique through SmartPLS software version 3.0, data from a total sample of 333 women entrepreneurs in the Agribusiness sector from the Sekyere South District in Ghana were empirically analyzed. The findings from the study highlight the transformative potential of rural women entrepreneurs who utilize social capital from both formal and informal social networks toward rural poverty alleviation. Thus, study results revealed that women entrepreneurship growth performance is positively and significantly associated with rural poverty alleviation. Furthermore, the impacts of social innovation and relational social capital on poverty alleviation showed positive. We recommend that policymakers and development practitioners should empower more women into entrepreneurial activities in the agribusiness sector in rural areas to promote rural poverty alleviation in developing countries.
Journal Article
Poverty gradient across size-class towns in urban India
Using the National Sample Survey (NSS) provided categories of urban settlements based on population sizes, studies showed that the poverty rate and population size of urban centres were inversely related, i.e., the poverty rate was lower in bigger cities and vice versa in India. However, from 2003, the NSS stopped providing a detailed classification of urban centres, and at present, a binary classification is given, i.e., metropolitan cities and non-metropolitan towns. Contemporary urbanisation in India is characterised by a phenomenal growth of non-metropolitan towns. The present NSS classification of urban centres does not help us understand how poverty situation varies across different size-class towns, especially in non-metropolitan ones. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the population size of each urban centre using three rounds of NSS data from 2004–05 to 2011–12 that enables us to find out the poverty situation across size-class towns. Dividing all urban centres into six categories based on population size, we find that both the absolute and the relative poverty are higher in medium-sized towns, even compared to small towns. Bigger metropolitan cities have the lowest poverty incidences. Logistic Regressions reveal that residents of medium size-class towns have the highest probability of being poor. We also consider an individual’s migration status to find out whether the population size of towns retains a significant association with poverty. Even after controlling for migration, the population size of towns is significantly associated with urban poverty, and again, residents of medium-sized towns have the highest probability of being poor. This study further rejects the hypothesis of a spill-over of rural poverty in urban areas, and both rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants have a lower chance of being poor than the non-migrants.
Journal Article
The injustice of place : uncovering the legacy of poverty in America
\"Three of the nation's top scholars, known for tackling key mysteries about poverty in America, turn their attention from the country's poorest people to its poorest places. Based on a fresh, data-driven approach, they discover that America's most disadvantaged communities are not the big cities that get the most notice. Instead, nearly all are rural. Little if any attention has been paid to these places or to the people who make their lives there. This revelation set in motion a five-year journey across Appalachia, the Cotton and Tobacco Belts of the Deep South, and South Texas. Immersing themselves in these communities, pouring over centuries of local history, attending parades and festivals, the authors trace the legacies of the deepest poverty in America, including inequalities shaping people's health, livelihoods, and upward social mobility for families. Wrung dry by powerful forces and corrupt government officials, the \"internal colonies\" in these regions were exploited for their resources and then left to collapse. The unfolding revelation in The Injustice of Place is not about what sets these places apart, but about what they have in common: a history of raw, intensive resource extraction and human exploitation. This history and its reverberations demand a reckoning and a commitment to wage a new War on Poverty, with the unrelenting focus on our nation's places of deepest need\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Digital Inclusive Finance, Spatial Spillover Effects and Relative Rural Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from China
How to govern relative rural poverty is the key and difficulty in eliminating poverty and achieving common prosperity in China. With the rapid development of digital economy, digital inclusive finance is playing an increasingly fundamental role in poverty alleviation. As an important new financial form, whether and how digital inclusive finance affects relative rural poverty is not yet known. Based on new economic geography, this paper empirically tests the direct and spatial impacts of digital financial inclusion on relative rural poverty alleviation by constructing spatial econometric models and using panel data from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China from 2012 to 2019. The study found that there is a significant positive spatial correlation in relative rural poverty; the development of digital inclusive finance has a significant inhibitory effect on relative rural poverty. Meanwhile, the development of digital inclusive finance in the local province also has a negative spatial spillover effect on rural relative poverty in surrounding areas. Therefore, it is necessary to boost the development of digital inclusive finance, improve the coordination of inclusive finance between regions, and promote inter-regional economic cooperation in the future. Poverty alleviation remains a challenge in the world, especially in developing countries. Digital inclusive finance, which is a new form of inclusive finance and digital economy widely applied in China, could play an increasingly fundamental role in poverty alleviation in rural areas. In this study, a spatial econometric model (SAR) is constructed based on the new economic geography, and the digital financial inclusion index is integrated with macro-economic data at a provincial level in China from 2012 to 2019. The direct and spatial impacts of digital inclusive finance on poverty reduction in rural areas were accessed using the developed model. Results show that digital inclusive finance can significantly reduce relative poverty in rural areas in China. More importantly, it is indicated that there is a significant positive spatial correlation in relative rural poverty, and digital inclusive finance has a negative spatial spillover effect on relative rural poverty, which is supported by a series of endogeneity and robustness tests, such as substitution of relative poverty, replacing models, and using alternative specifications. Recommendations on implementations in poverty alleviation are proposed based on the results of this study. This paper further complements the hot research field on finance development and income inequality. Our findings offer insights into the development of inclusive financial policies for relative rural poverty alleviation in other countries, especially in developing countries with similar backgrounds to China.
Journal Article