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"RURAL RADIO"
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Rural school in the Tenza Valley, rural education and agroecology reflections on rural "development"
The municipality of Sutatenza (Boyaca), constitutes an important reference for rural education in Colombia due to \"Radio Sutatenza\"(Educational Radio) and the People's Cultural Action in the mid-twentieth century. Currently, in the same town, a process called the Campesina Community School del Valle de Tenza has been brewing, under an agroecological approach, guided in its work to the cultural and productive Andean farmers, their families and their young people to cultivate in them a return the field. This article addresses this educational experience for contrasting approaches of \"development\" with the perceptions and visions that emerge from the rural world, without being radically different, it raises important questions for the call for and controversy of development, from the local. Key words: rural, development, agroecology, education.
El municipio de Sutatenza (Boyacá) constituye un referente importante para la educación rural campesina en Colombia puesto que allí tuvo lugar la experiencia de las escuelas radiofónicas ó \"Radio Sutatenza\" y la Acción Cultural Popular a mediados del Siglo XX. Actualmente en el mismo municipio se viene gestando un proceso comunitario denominado la Escuela Campesina del Valle de Tenza que, bajo un enfoque agroecológico, orienta su trabajo al acervo cultural y productivo de los campesinos andinos, sus familias y sus jóvenes para cultivar en ellos el retorno al campo. En este artículo se aborda esta experiencia educativa para contrastar enfoques de \"desarrollo\" con las percepciones y visiones que emergen del mundo rural, que sin ser radicalmente opuestas plantean interrogantes importantes para pensar el llamado y controvertido desarrollo, desde lo local. Palabras clave: rural, desarrollo, agroecológico, educación
Journal Article
A model for calculating interconnection costs in telecommunications
The liberalization of the telecommunications markets in Sub-Saharan Africa led to increased competition on the provision and pricing of communication services. But, due to the lack of appropriate regulatory tools, newly established regulators are poorly equipped to arbitrate increasing interconnection disputes between competing operators. This guidebook and its associated CD-ROM, including the cost model, were prepared to provide Sub-Saharan Africa regulators and operators with a sound regulatory tool allowing the determination of accurate interconnection costs, thus facilitating the settlement of lengthy and costly interconnection disputes between fixed and mobile operators. The cost model belongs to the family of “Bottom-Up” models, which calculate interconnection cost incurred by an efficient operator using the Long Run Incremental Cost (LRIC) methodology. The proposed cost model takes into account most features characterizing the development stage of telecommunications networks in Sub-Saharan Africa (small size of fixed network, importance of rural telephony, excessive reliance on microwave technology, explosive demand for mobile service, and weak regulatory capacity). A Model for Calculating Interconnection Costs in Telecommunications offers telecom regulators and operators not only a decision support tool but also a stimulant to enhance an understanding of the logic of regulating a sector open to competition.
eBook
Broadcasting and development : options for the World Bank
It is increasingly recognized that broadcasting has an important role to play in development – as a widespread tool of information transfer, as a method to improve governance, as an important economic sector in its own right and as a potential access point to new information and communications technologies. Sector reform is long overdue, with the state domination radio broadcast in approximately 75 percent of the world, for example. Reform in the broadcasting sector can have significant development impact –especially in improving governance and transparency. The World Bank has taken the lead in the reform of a range of other sectors. It is time for the institution to turn its attention to broadcasting, where many of the same lessons of reform apply, land where the unmet need for assistance is great. The Bank Group’s potential activities in the sector might include:· Basic Reform, involving the opening up of the broadcast sector to private and community involvement, and deconcentrating private media ownership. Convergence regulation, involving the harmonization and integration of regulations covering broadcast and telecommunications infrastructure.· Support for community radio stations to improve access for the poor to the tolls of information and communications technologies; and · Pilot projects involving digital television to assess the potential of broadcast as a tool to widen.
eBook
World Congress on Communication For Development : lessons, challenges, and the way forward
This book sets forth issues and experiences from the World Congress on Communication for Development, held in Rome in late 2006. Mixing theory, practice, and lessons from the field, it shows that communication for development can help with effective design and implementation of development initiatives and can lead to more sustainable results. With a focus on communications in health, sustainable development, and governance, this book with accompanying DVD provides a benchmark and identifies the main challenges for communication for development in the new millennium.
eBook
Information and communication technologies and broad-based development : a partial review of the evidence
Information and Communication Technologies and Broad-Based Development: A Partial Review of the Evidence is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly seen as integral to the development process. This working paper reviews: (a) some of the evidence for the link between telecommunications and the internet and economic growth; (b) the likely impact of the new ICTs on income inequality; and (c) anecdotal evidence regarding the role of the Internet in improving government services and governance. This study looks at methods to maximize access to the new ICTs, and to improve their development impact in both the generation of income and the provision of quality services.
eBook
The media and development : what's the story?
The media's contribution to development occurs simultaneously along five closely intermingled influences: plurality and transparency, behavioral, infrastructure and platform, economic, and trade. The media are at the cutting edge of technological change, where the digitalization of content, Next Generation Networks, falling device and distribution costs, ever-increasing abundance and new business models are overturning the pre-existing order of markets and the media, though broadcasting, particularly radio, remain crucial in developing countries. This offers new development opportunities requiring new policy initiatives, and the realization of this by the development community. In many instances the media has yet to attain its appropriate status on the list of development priorities.
eBook
Closing the Gap in Access to Rural Communications : Chile 1995-2002
The study documents, and reviews the Chilean experience in rural telecommunications, by focusing on the principles, practical organization, basic design, and outstanding issues for extension of a more advanced form of approach to communication, and access to information. It examines in depth the results, and success factors of the Telecommunications Development Fund, established in 1994, a success largely due to the extensive reliance on market forces to determine, and allocate subsidies, to minimal regulatory intervention, and relatively simple processing. The design of the Fund proved robust, and remains the leading example of a cost-effective solution to reduce access gaps in basic communication in emerging economies. However, questions remain on the sustainability of services for the long run, on how to support the small, but still excluded rural population, and on potential, further needs in urban areas.
Publication
Proximity between humans and a highly medically significant snake, Russell’s viper, in a tropical rural community
Snakebite envenoming is a major neglected tropical health issue. The high incidence of snakebites in tropical rural communities suggests that venomous snakes and people are often in proximity but quantitative evidence is lacking. I used radio-telemetry on a population of Russell’s vipers (Daboia russelii), one of the most medically important snakes in the world, to quantify proximity between this venomous snake and people and estimate susceptibility to snakebite envenoming in India. I observed people ≤50 m of a radio-equipped viper in ~17% of 2,066 snake relocations. People were more frequently observed in proximity to Russell’s vipers in January and July compared to March, but all other contrasts were statistically similar. This pattern indicates that snakebite incidence, which peaks in summer in the study area, is not particularly linked to the encounter frequency between people and vipers. However, consistent with epidemiological data plantation workers were the most at-risk part of the population. By integrating information about the locations of humans and snakes in space and time, this pioneering research highlights the need to include snake ecology into the study of the human–venomous-snake conflict, and provides a model approach to help mitigate the burden caused by venomous snakes in the rural Tropics
Journal Article
PROPAGANDA AND CONFLICT
This article investigates the role of mass media in times of conflict and state-sponsored mass violence against civilians. We use a unique village-level data set from the Rwandan genocide to estimate the impact of a popular radio station that encouraged violence against the Tutsi minority population. The results show that the broadcasts had a significant effect on participation in killings by both militia groups and ordinary civilians. An estimated 51,000 perpetrators, or approximately 10% of the overall violence, can be attributed to the station. The broadcasts increased militia violence not only directly by influencing behavior in villages with radio reception but also indirectly by increasing participation in neighboring villages. In fact, spillovers are estimated to have caused more militia violence than the direct effects. Thus, the article provides evidence that mass media can affect participation in violence directly due to exposure and indirectly due to social interactions.
Journal Article