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"Racism - ethics"
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The ethics of coercion in mental healthcare: the role of structural racism
In mental health ethics, it is generally assumed that coercive measures are sometimes justified when persons with mental illness endanger themselves or others. Coercive measures are regarded as ethically justified only when certain criteria are fulfilled: for example, the intervention must be proportional in relation to the potential harm. In this paper, we demonstrate shortcomings of this established ethical framework in cases where people with mental illness experience structural racism. By drawing on a case example from mental healthcare, we first demonstrate that biases in assessing whether the coercive intervention is proportional are likely, for example, due to an overestimation of dangerousness. We then show that even if proportionality is assessed correctly, and the specific coercive intervention would thus be regarded as ethically justified according to the standard framework, coercion may still be ethically problematic. This is because the standard framework does not consider how situations in which coercive measures are applied arise. If structural racism causally contributes to such situations, the use of coercion can compound the prior injustice of racist discrimination. We conclude that the ethical analysis of coercion in mental healthcare should consider the possibility of discriminatory biases and practices and systematically take the influence of structural discrimination into account.
Journal Article
Counter the weaponization of genetics research by extremists
[...]over the past five years or so, numerous scientists, editorial boards, scientific societies and research consortia have published statements denouncing the misuse of research by those who wish to feed racist ideologies. Take the genomic-data collections that are publicly available, such as the 1000 Genomes Project8 and the Human Genome Diversity Project9 (HGDP) - both international efforts to establish catalogues ofhuman genetic variation from diverse populations and ancestries. In an ideal world, all populations would be represented equally. [...]that happens, we geneticists should think more carefully about what data we select for our analysis - and how our choices could lead to misappropriation of our work. (According to Google Scholar, the three studies10-12 published between 2000 and 2009 describing the techniques used to produce these figures continue to receive a combined total of more than 4,000 citations annually.) Such figures are compelling for press releases, and help specialists to communicate their results to other specialists.
Journal Article
Slavery in narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass
\"Social Issues in Literature meets the need for materials supporting curriculum integration. Each title in this distinctive new series examines an important literary work or body of work through the lens of a major social issue. Each volume presents biographical and critical information on the author, viewpoints on the social issue portrayed in the book, and contemporary assessments of the social issue as well as a chronology of important dates in the author's life, discussion questions, a guide to additional literary works that focus on the same social issue, a bibliography for further research and a thorough subject index\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Social Work Is a Human Rights Profession
As defined by the International Federation of Social Workers, social work is a human rights profession. This is explicitly stated in the professional codes of ethics in many nations. However, the most recent version of the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers continues to exclude any mention of human rights, fitting in with the history of U.S. exceptionalism on this subject. Social workers around the world have a long history of working for the achievement of human rights, including an explicit grounding of practice in human rights principles: human dignity, nondiscrimination, participation, transparency, and accountability. Utilizing these principles, U.S. social workers can move from the deficit model of the needs-based approach to competently contextualizing individual issues in their larger human rights framework. In this way, social work can address larger social problems and make way for the concurrent achievement of human rights. This article explains these principles and provides a case example of how to apply them in practice.
Journal Article
Nazism and the Journal
Nazism and the JournalBetween 1935 and 1944, the Journal remained all but silent regarding the heinous motives of Nazi science and medicine. What is the nature and significance of silence in the face of such oppression?
Journal Article
Those designing healthcare algorithms must become actively anti-racist
Many widely used health algorithms have been shown to encode and reinforce racial health inequities, prioritizing the needs of white patients over those of patients of color. Because automated systems are becoming so crucial to access to health, researchers in the field of artificial intelligence must become actively anti-racist. Here we list some concrete steps to enable anti-racist practices in medical research and practice.
Journal Article
WhiteCoatsForBlackLives — Addressing Physicians’ Complicity in Criminalizing Communities
Just as interactions between Black people and police outside the hospital put our patients at risk, so does their criminalization within the health care system, which can be particularly harmful in the context of pregnancy, childbearing, and reproductive health.
Journal Article