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"Racisme en médecine Histoire."
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Legacy : a black physician reckons with racism in medicine
\"The rousing, captivating story of a Black physician, her career in medicine, and the deep inequities that still exist in the U.S. healthcare system Growing up in Brooklyn, New York, it never occurred to Uché Blackstock and her twin sister, Oni, that they would be anything but physicians. In the 1980s, their mother headed an organization of Black women physicians, and for years the girls watched these fiercely intelligent women in white coats tend to their patients and neighbors, host community health fairs, cure ills, and save lives. What Dr. Uché Blackstock did not understand as a child-or learn about at Harvard Medical School, where she and her sister had followed in their mother's footsteps, making them the first Black mother-daughter legacies from the school-were the profound and long-standing systemic inequities that mean just 2 percent of all U.S. physicians today are Black women; the racist practices and policies that ensure Black Americans have far worse health outcomes than any other group in the country; and the flawed system that endangers the well-being of communities like theirs. As an ER physician, and later as a professor in academic medicine, Dr. Blackstock became profoundly aware of the systemic barriers that Black patients and physicians continue to face. Legacy is a journey through the critical intersection of racism and healthcare. At once a searing indictment of our healthcare system, a generational family memoir, and a call to action, Legacy is Dr. Blackstock's odyssey from child to medical student to practicing physician-to finally seizing her own power as a health equity advocate against the backdrop of the pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Racial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945
InRacial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945, international scholars examine the theories of race that informed the legal, political, and social policies aimed against ethnic minorities in Nazi-dominated Europe. The essays explicate how racial science, preexisting racist sentiments, and pseudoscientific theories of race that were preeminent in interwar Europe ultimately facilitated Nazi racial designs for a \"New Europe.\"
The volume examines racial theories in a number of European nation-states in order to understand racial thinking at large, the origins of the Holocaust, and the history of ethnic discrimination in each of those countries. The essays, by uncovering neglected layers of complexity, diversity, and nuance, demonstrate how local discourse on race paralleled Nazi racial theory but had unique nationalist intellectual traditions of racial thought.
Written by rising scholars who are new to English-language audiences, this work examines the scientific foundations that central, eastern, northern, and southern European countries laid for ethnic discrimination, the attempted annihilation of Jews, and the elimination of other so-called inferior peoples.
eBook
Breathing Race into the Machine
In the antebellum South, plantation physicians used a new medical device-the spirometer-to show that lung volume and therefore vital capacity were supposedly less in black slaves than in white citizens. At the end of the Civil War, a large study of racial difference employing the spirometer appeared to confirm the finding, which was then applied to argue that slaves were unfit for freedom. What is astonishing is that this example of racial thinking is anything but a historical relic.
InBreathing Race into the Machine, science studies scholar Lundy Braun traces the little-known history of the spirometer to reveal the social and scientific processes by which medical instruments have worked to naturalize racial and ethnic differences, from Victorian Britain to today. Routinely a factor in clinical diagnoses, preemployment physicals, and disability estimates, spirometers are often \"race corrected,\" typically reducing normal values for African Americans by 15 percent.
An unsettling account of the pernicious effects of racial thinking that divides people along genetic lines,Breathing Race into the Machinehelps us understand how race enters into science and shapes medical research and practice.
eBook
American Disgust
Examining the racial underpinnings of food, microbial
medicine, and disgust in America
American Disgust shows how perceptions of disgust and
fears of contamination are rooted in the country's history of
colonialism and racism. Drawing on colonial, corporate, and medical
archives, Matthew J. Wolf-Meyer argues that microbial medicine is
closely entwined with changing cultural experiences of digestion,
excrement, and disgust that are inextricably tied to the creation
of whiteness.
Ranging from nineteenth-century colonial encounters with Native
people to John Harvey Kellogg's ideas around civilization and bowel
movements to mid-twentieth-century diet and parenting advice books,
Wolf-Meyer analyzes how embedded racist histories of digestion and
disgust permeate contemporary debates around fecal microbial
transplants and other bacteriotherapeutic treatments for
gastrointestinal disease.
At its core, American Disgust wrestles with how
changing cultural notions of digestion-what goes into the body and
what comes out of it-create and impose racial categories motivated
by feelings of disgust rooted in American settler-colonial racism.
It shows how disgust is a changing, yet fundamental, aspect of
American subjectivity and that engaging with it-personally,
politically, and theoretically-opens up possibilities for
conceptualizing health at the individual, societal, and planetary
levels.
eBook
Body and Soul
Between its founding in 1966 and its formal end in 1980, the Black Panther Party blazed a distinctive trail in American political culture. The Black Panthers are most often remembered for their revolutionary rhetoric and militant action. Here Alondra Nelson deftly recovers an indispensable but lesser-known aspect of the organization's broader struggle for social justice: health care. The Black Panther Party's health activism-its network of free health clinics, its campaign to raise awareness about genetic disease, and its challenges to medical discrimination-was an expression of its founding political philosophy and also a recognition that poor blacks were both underserved by mainstream medicine and overexposed to its harms.
Drawing on extensive historical research as well as interviews with former members of the Black Panther Party, Nelson argues that the Party's focus on health care was both practical and ideological. Building on a long tradition of medical self-sufficiency among African Americans, the Panthers' People's Free Medical Clinics administered basic preventive care, tested for lead poisoning and hypertension, and helped with housing, employment, and social services. In 1971, the party launched a campaign to address sickle-cell anemia. In addition to establishing screening programs and educational outreach efforts, it exposed the racial biases of the medical system that had largely ignored sickle-cell anemia, a disease that predominantly affected people of African descent.
The Black Panther Party's understanding of health as a basic human right and its engagement with the social implications of genetics anticipated current debates about the politics of health and race. That legacy-and that struggle-continues today in the commitment of health activists and the fight for universal health care.
eBook
Examining Tuskegee
The forty-year \"Tuskegee\" Syphilis Study has becometheAmerican metaphor for medical racism, government malfeasance, and physician arrogance. The subject of histories, films, rumors, and political slogans, it received an official federal apology from President Bill Clinton in a White House ceremony.Susan M. Reverby offers a comprehensive analysis of the notorious study of untreated syphilis, which took place in and around Tuskegee, Alabama, from the 1930s through the 1970s. The study involved hundreds of African American men, most of whom were told by doctors from the U.S. Public Health Service that they were being treated, not just watched, for their late-stage syphilis. Reverby examines the study and its aftermath from multiple perspectives to explain what happened and why the study has such power in our collective memory. She follows the study's repercussions in facts and fictions.Reverby highlights the many uncertainties that dogged the study during its four decades and explores the newly available medical records. She uncovers the different ways it was understood by the men, their families, and health care professionals, ultimately revising conventional wisdom on the study.Writing with rigor and clarity, Reverby illuminates the events and aftermath of the study and sheds light on the complex knot of trust, betrayal, and belief that keeps this study alive in our cultural and political lives.
eBook
Franz Boas
Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt tells the remarkable story of Franz Boas, one of the leading scholars and public intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first book in a two-part biography,Franz Boas begins with the anthropologist's birth in Minden, Germany, in 1858 and ends with his resignation from the American Museum of Natural History in 1906, while also examining his role in training professional anthropologists from his berth at Columbia University in New York City. Zumwalt follows the stepping-stones that led Boas to his vision of anthropology as a four-field discipline, a journey demonstrating especially his tenacity to succeed, the passions that animated his life, and the toll that the professional struggle took on him. Zumwalt guides the reader through Boas's childhood and university education, describes his joy at finding the great love of his life, Marie Krackowizer, traces his 1883 trip to Baffin Land, and recounts his efforts to find employment in the United States. A central interest in the book is Boas's widely influential publications on cultural relativism and issues of race, particularly his bookThe Mind of Primitive Man (1911), which reshaped anthropology, the social sciences, and public debates about the problem of racism in American society. Franz Boas presents the remarkable life story of an American intellectual giant as told in his own words through his unpublished letters, diaries, and field notes. Zumwalt weaves together the strands of the personal and the professional to reveal Boas's love for his family and for the discipline of anthropology as he shaped it.
eBook
The Mark of Slavery
Exploring the disability history of slavery Time
and again, antebellum Americans justified slavery and white
supremacy by linking blackness to disability, defectiveness, and
dependency. Jenifer L. Barclay examines the ubiquitous narratives
that depicted black people with disabilities as pitiable,
monstrous, or comical, narratives used not only to defend slavery
but argue against it. As she shows, this relationship between
ableism and racism impacted racial identities during the antebellum
period and played an overlooked role in shaping American history
afterward. Barclay also illuminates the everyday lives of the ten
percent of enslaved people who lived with disabilities. Devalued by
slaveholders as unsound and therefore worthless, these individuals
nonetheless carved out an unusual autonomy. Their roles as
caregivers, healers, and keepers of memory made them esteemed
within their own communities and celebrated figures in song and
folklore.
Prescient in its analysis and rich in detail, The Mark of
Slavery is a powerful addition to the intertwined histories of
disability, slavery, and race.
eBook
Physical Anthropology, Race and Eugenics in Greece (1880s-1970s)
This study explores the emergence and development of physical anthropology in the modern Greek state from the viewpoint of the proclaimed intention of its representatives to influence societal developments. This study is the first to subject racial and eugenic discourses in Greece to research.
eBook
Precarious Prescriptions
InPrecarious Prescriptions, Laurie B. Green, John Mckiernan-González, and Martin Summers bring together essays that place race, citizenship, and gender at the center of questions about health and disease. Exploring the interplay between disease as a biological phenomenon, illness as a subjective experience, and race as an ideological construct, this volume weaves together a complicated history to show the role that health and medicine have played throughout the past in defining the ideal citizen.
By creating an intricate portrait of the close associations of race, medicine, and public health,Precarious Prescriptionshelps us better understand the long and fraught history of health care in America.
Contributors: Jason E. Glenn, U of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Mark Allan Goldberg, U of Houston; Jean J. Kim; Gretchen Long, Williams College; Verónica Martínez-Matsuda, Cornell U; Lena McQuade-Salzfass, Sonoma State U; Natalia Molina, U of California, San Diego; Susan M. Reverby, Wellesley College; Jennifer Seltz, Western Washington U.
eBook