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Life Exposed
On April 26, 1986, Unit Four of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exploded in then Soviet Ukraine. More than 3.5 million people in Ukraine alone, not to mention many citizens of surrounding countries, are still suffering the effects.Life Exposedis the first book to comprehensively examine the vexed political, scientific, and social circumstances that followed the disaster. Tracing the story from an initial lack of disclosure to post-Soviet democratizing attempts to compensate sufferers, Adriana Petryna uses anthropological tools to take us into a world whose social realities are far more immediate and stark than those described by policymakers and scientists. She asks: What happens to politics when state officials fail to inform their fellow citizens of real threats to life? What are the moral and political consequences of remedies available in the wake of technological disasters?
Through extensive research in state institutions, clinics, laboratories, and with affected families and workers of the so-called Zone, Petryna illustrates how the event and its aftermath have not only shaped the course of an independent nation but have made health a negotiated realm of entitlement. She tracks the emergence of a \"biological citizenship\" in which assaults on health become the coinage through which sufferers stake claims for biomedical resources, social equity, and human rights.Life Exposedprovides an anthropological framework for understanding the politics of emergent democracies, the nature of citizenship claims, and everyday forms of survival as they are interwoven with the profound changes that accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union.
eBook
Safety regulations of food and water implemented in the first year following the Fukushima nuclear accident
An earthquake and tsunami of historic proportions caused massive damage across the northeastern coast of Japan on the afternoon of 11 March 2011, and the release of radionuclides from the stricken reactors of the Fukushima nuclear power plant 1 was detected early on the next morning. High levels of radioiodines and radiocesiums were detected in the topsoil and plants on 15 March 2011, so sampling of food and water for monitoring surveys began on 16 March 2011. On 17 March 2011, provisional regulation values for radioiodine, radiocesiums, uranium, plutonium and other transuranic α emitters were set to regulate the safety of radioactively contaminated food and water. On 21 March 2011, the first restrictions on distribution and consumption of contaminated items were ordered. So far, tap water, raw milk, vegetables, mushrooms, fruit, nut, seaweeds, marine invertebrates, coastal fish, freshwater fish, beef, wild animal meat, brown rice, wheat, tea leaves and other foodstuffs had been contaminated above the provisional regulation values. The provisional regulation values for radioiodine were exceeded in samples taken from 16 March 2011 to 21 May 2011, and those for radiocesiums from 18 March 2011 to date. All restrictions were imposed within 318 days after the provisional regulation values were first exceeded for each item. This paper summarizes the policy for the execution of monitoring surveys and restrictions, and the outlines of the monitoring results of 220 411 samples and the enforced restrictions predicated on the information available as of 31 March 2012.
Journal Article
Analysis of the development trend of Chinese seafood imports from Southeast Asia after the Fukushima-Daiichi radioactive treated water discharge from Japan
Japan’s decision to discharge the Fukushima-Daiichi radioactive treated water into the Pacific Ocean has drawn widespread international concern regarding radioactive contamination of seafood and its impact on the marine ecosystem and human health. China’s seafood import trade is confronted with a potentially significant threat. In the favorable circumstances created by China’s suspension of seafood imports from Japan, This article analyzes the impact of Japan’s radioactive treated water discharge on seafood safety and human health, as well as the importance of the Chinese market in the international trade of seafood, and analyzes the seafood export data from Southeast Asian countries to China from 2018 to 2024. A significant increase in seafood exports from countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines to China was observed. Conversely, there has been a notable decline in the export volumes from Vietnam and Thailand. This paper proposes some proactive strategies for Southeast Asian seafood exports to China, including actively familiarizing with China’s import regulations and standards, optimizing export strategies, cultivating a positive and favorable product image, aligning with the needs of Chinese enterprises, and ensuring food safety.
Journal Article
A comprehensive review of radioactive pollution treatment of uranium mill tailings
Natural uranium is a crucial resource for clean nuclear energy, which has brought significant economic and social benefits to humanity. However, the development and utilization of uranium resources have also resulted in the accumulation of vast amounts of uranium mill tailings (UMTs), which pose a potential threat to human health and the ecological environment. This paper reviews the research progress on UMTs treatment technologies, including cover disposal, solidification disposal, backfilling disposal, and bioremediation methods. It is found that cover disposal is a versatile method for the long-term management of UMTs, the engineering performance and durability of the cover system can be improved by choosing suitable stabilizers for the cover layer. Solidification disposal can convert UMTs into solid waste for permanent disposal, but it produces a large amount of waste and requires high operating costs; it is necessary to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of solidification disposal for UMTs, while minimizing the bad environmental impact. Backfilling disposal realizes the resource utilization of solid waste, but the high radon exhalation rate caused by the UMTs backfilling also needs to be considered. Bioremediation methods have low investment costs and are less likely to cause secondary pollution, but the remediation efficiency is low, it can be combined with other treatment technologies to remedy the defects of a single remediation method. The article concludes with key issues and corresponding suggestions for the current UMTs treatment methods, which can provide theoretical guidance and reference for further development and application of radioactive pollution treatment of UMTs.
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Journal Article