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Eerie railroads
What is it that makes railroads such eerie places? It could be the spine-chilling metallic screech of the wheels grinding against the steel tracks. Or perhaps the rushing wind that threatens to pull you under as the railcars hurtle past. In this nerve-racking text, readers will discover just what it is that makes railroads so scary. The illuminating text is underscored by eye-catching photographs, stimulating design, and spellbinding sidebars. This high-interest material is seamlessly interwoven with educational historical background information.
Book
Grand Central Terminal : 100 years of a New York landmark
Packed with extraordinary photos, illustrations, and historical facts, a celebration of the legendary Manhattan rail terminal's first century.Opened in February 1913, Grand Central Terminal--one of the country's great architectural monuments--helped create Midtown Manhattan.
eBook
Grand Central Terminal : 100 years of a New York landmark
\"In February 1913, Grand Central Terminal opened in New York City. Since then, Grand Central has welcomed millions to the city; every day, tourists and commuters alike walk through Vanderbilt Hall, the former Main Waiting Room, under the striking ceiling painted with glowing gold-leaf constellations. This new book celebrates the centennial of Grand Central by revealing its history and its secrets--like the romantic Whispering Gallery--and by showcasing 200 photographs of the terminal inside and out, from the Oyster Bar to the grand staircases to the train platforms themselves. The stunning images, taken by Frank English, official photographer of Metro North Railroad for over 25 years, make it clear why Grand Central is one of the city's most popular destinations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Lviv's uncertain destination : a city and its train terminal from Franz Joseph I to Brezhnev
Lviv’s Uncertain Destination examines the city’s tumultuous twentieth-century history through the lens of its main railway terminal. Whereas most existing studies of eastern European cities centre their stories on discrete ethnic groups, milestone political events, and economic changes, this book’s narrative is woven around an important site within the city’s complex spatial matrix. Combining architectural, economic, social, and everyday life history, Andriy Zayarnyuk shows how different political regimes created dissimilar social spaces even on the same streets and in the same buildings. His narrative leads us to rethink how the late imperial Habsburg and Romanov, Stalinist and post-Stalinist Soviet, interwar Polish, and Nazi German regimes produced, structured, and controlled urban space. Focusing on railway workers, the book also draws attention to the history of Lviv’s wage earners, who constituted the majority of the city’s adult population.
eBook
Dynamic Railcar Flow Assignment of Railway Terminal with Multiple Marshalling Stations
This paper deals with the optimization of railcar flow assignment among multiple marshalling stations oriented to making a stage plan. We aimed to minimize the total dwell time of the on-time and delayed allocated railcar flow at the station within a stage plan. Considering the limitations of the disassembly and assembly capacity of marshalling stations, the limitation of the transfer operation capacity between marshalling stations, the connection time limit of inbound and outbound trains, and the limitation of trains with different full workloads, we constructed a multi-marshalling station railcar flow assignment optimization model. Furthermore, for comparison, we built a model that only satisfied the train equivalent length limitation and a model that only satisfied the train hauling weight limitation. Finally, we designed experimental scenarios and conducted comparative analyses of the proposed model and a model that considered only a single full workload limitation. The results show that the railcar flow assignment scheme that considers different full workload limitations shortens the dwell time of railcar flow at the station, reduces the number of undispatched outbound trains within the time range of the stage plan, and effectively improves the terminal operation efficiency within the stage plan. Thus, the proposed scheme can achieve an effective railcar flow assignment within a multi-marshalling station railroad terminal while minimizing the dwell time.
Journal Article
Grand Central Terminal : railroads, engineering, and architecture in New York City
Grand Central Terminal, one of New York City's preeminent buildings, stands as a magnificent Beaux-Arts monument to America's Railway Age, and it remains a vital part of city life today. Completed in 1913 after ten years of construction, the terminal became the city's most important transportation hub, linking long-distance and commuter trains to New York's network of subways, elevated trains, and streetcars. Its soaring Grand Concourse still offers passengers a majestic gateway to the wonders beyond 42nd Street.In Grand Central Terminal, Kurt C. Schlichting traces the history of this spectacular building, detailing the colorful personalities, bitter conflicts, and Herculean feats of engineering that lie behind its construction. Schlichting begins with Cornelius Vanderbilt-\"The Commodore\"-whose railroad empire demanded an appropriately palatial passenger terminal in the heart of New York City. Completed in 1871, the first Grand Central was the largest rail facility in the world and yet-cramped and overburdened-soon proved thoroughly inadequate for the needs of this rapidly expanding city. William Wilgus, chief engineer of the New York Central Railroad, conceived of a new Grand Central Terminal, one that would fully meet the needs of the New York Central line. Grand Central became a monument to the creativity and daring of a remarkable age.The terminal's construction proved to be a massive undertaking. Before construction could begin, more than 3 million cubic yards of rock and earth had to be removed and some 200 buildings demolished. Manhattan's exorbitant real estate prices necessitated a vast, two-story underground train yard, which in turn required a new, smoke-free electrified rail system. The project consumed nearly 30,000 tons of steel, three times more than that in the Eiffel Tower, and two power plants were built. The terminal building alone cost $43 million in 1913, the equivalent of nearly $750 million today.Some of these costs were offset by an ambitious redevelopment project on property above the New York Central's underground tracks. Schlichting writes about the economic and cultural impact of the terminal on midtown Manhattan, from building of the Biltmore and Waldorf-Astoria Hotels to the transformation of Park Avenue. Schlichting concludes with an account of the New York Central's decline; the public outcry that prevented Grand Central's new owner, Penn Central, from following through with its 1969 plan to demolish or drastically alter the terminal; the rise of Metro-North Railroad; and the meticulous 1990s restoration project that returned Grand Central Terminal to its original splendor. More than a history of a train station, this book is the story of a city and an age as reflected in a building aptly described as a secular cathedral.
eBook
The Influence of Intelligent Guided Vehicle Configuration on Equipment Scheduling in the Railway Yards of Automated Container Terminals
The efficiency of collecting and distributing goods has been improved by establishing railway lines that serve new automated container terminals (ACTs) and by constructing central railway stations close to ports. To aid in this process, intelligent guided vehicles (IGVs), which are renowned for their flexibility and for the convenience with which one can adjust their number and speed, have been developed to be used as horizontal transport vehicles that can transport goods between the railway yard and the front of the port. However, they also introduce some difficulties and complexities that affect terminal scheduling. Therefore, we took the automated rail-mounted container gantry crane (ARMG) scheduling problem as our main research object in this study. We established a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimize the makespan of ARMGs, designed an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm, and explored the influence of IGV configuration on ARMG scheduling through a series of experiments applied to a series of large-scale numerical examples. The experimental results show that increasing the number of IGVs can improve the operational efficiency of railway yards, but this strategy reduces the overall time taken for the ARMG to complete various tasks. Increasing or decreasing the speed of the IGVs within a given range has a clear effect on the problem at hand, while increasing the IGV travel speed can effectively reduce the time required for the ARMG to complete various tasks. Operators must properly adjust the IGV speed to meet the requirements of the planned operation.
Journal Article
Victorian Railway Stations
Victorian railway stations reflected the importance of this revolutionary mode of transport for Britain. The great iron roads transformed both rural and urban landscapes, and fundamentally changed the pattern of social and commercial life for all sections of the population. The stations were statements of the pride felt in them by their railway company owners. They carried each company's mark of quality. In key cities, many had money lavished upon them of celebrity status magnificence. Trevor Yorke's book describes the development of Victorian stations, with their wide range of architectural influences and styles, and he discusses the notable architects employed to create them. It is a well researched and richly illustrated book, filled with his own detailed drawings and photographs. They pay tribute to the gems of architectural heritage left to us by the Victorians through their railway stations of all sizes, from the palatial terminus to the humble halt. The book contains a personal list of recommended stations to visit throughout England, Scotland and Wales.
eBook
Improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions through intelligent railway station buildings
Buildings in the People's Republic of China (PRC) consume 21% of the total energy produced in the country. This study analyzes and proposes feasible energy-saving and emission-reducing solutions for domestic railway stations in the PRC. The use of intelliBuildings in the People's Republic of China (PRC) consume 21% of the total energy produced in the country. This study analyzes and proposes feasible energy-saving and emission-reducing solutions for domestic railway stations in the PRC. The use of intelligent building controls support reduction of energy consumption, minimization or elimination of energy wastes, and cost savings. Strong institutional mechanisms and railway building management methods and policies also promote technological innovation. Moreover, these are necessary to balance the interests of multiple parties to be able to achieve energy efficiency in railway station buildings in the PRC.
eBook
Fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow characteristics: A review
IntroductionThe dimensionality of pedestrian infrastructure facilities have a great influence on pedestrian movements and a considerable impact on natural environment of the facility. Understanding the pedestrian movements are crucial to estimate the capacity of the system accurately, especially in the transportation terminals such as railway stations, bus terminals, airports and so forth, where large crowd gathers and transfers. To have a safe and comfortable movement in normal situation and also a quick evacuation in emergency situation, pedestrian movement patterns should be analysed and modelled properly.PurposeOnce the behaviour of pedestrians is established in terms of speed and density with respect to the environment, even for the colossal systems, the pedestrian flow characteristics can be modelled by applying extremely efficient simulations. The main modelling element in the context of flow models is the fundamental relationship among speed, flow and density. The objective of this study is to review the fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow characteristics developed for various flow types and geometric elements. This paper also discusses the design values of flow parameters and walking speeds of pedestrians at various facilities.MethodsIn order to achieve the goal of this paper, we presented a systematic review of fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow characteristics developed by using various approaches such as field, experimental and simulation.ConclusionsAfter a thorough review of literature, this paper identifies certain research gaps which provides an opportunity to enhance the understanding of fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow characteristics.
Journal Article