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The Hejaz railway
\"For the better part of a century the Hejaz Railway has been known for Lawrence of Arabia's celebrated desert campaign, fighting alongside the bedouin in the Arab Revolt during the First World War. Yet perhaps the reputation that it truly deserves is for the epic story of its construction, a monumental feat of engineering, requiring enormous imagination, skill and resolve. Here was something breathtaking, combining the romance of steam locomotion with the grandiose vision of the last years of the mighty Ottoman Empire.\" \"Conceived in the dying days of the nineteenth century and constructed under the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II, the railway followed the overland pilgrim trail from Damascus deep into the heart of Arabia to reach the holy city of Madinah. It was to lay its tracks across pitiless, wadi-fissured deserts and the unforgiving mountains of the Hejaz, from which the line would earn its name.\"--Jacket.
Book
Exploring the risk transmission characteristics among unsafe behaviors within urban railway construction accidents
Various construction accidents are proven to be caused by multiple unsafe behaviors (e.g., wrong use of PPE), but the risk transmission among different behaviors remains unclear. This paper provides insight into risk transmission through behavioral risk chain that leads to accidents from a system safety perspective. To better understand the coupling mechanism of various unsafe behaviors, integrate different behavioral risk chains and present the risk transmission process, a directed-weighted complex network (DWCN) method was adopted. Historical urban railway construction accidents in China are investigated to extract behavioral risk chain. A DW-BRCNA is applied to integrated behavioral risk chain and the behavioral risk transmission characteristics are explored and clarified by the five network properties, including degree and degree distribution, node strength and node strength distribution, average path length and diameter, weighted clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality. The results show that DW-BRCNA has the characteristics of a small-world, scale-free and hierarchical network, indicating that some unsafe behaviors are of greater importance in the process of risk transmission through behavioral risk chains. In addition, risk transmission in critical behavioral risk chains is more potentially to lead to accidents. This study proposed a new perspective of accident causation analysis from risk transmission among unsafe behaviors. It explains the risk transmission characteristics by a DWCN method based on behavioral risk chains. The findings also provide a practical guidance for developing control strategies on sites to prevent risk transmission and reduce accidents.
Journal Article
Reducing the social risks of transnational railway construction: a discussion on the formation mechanism of host country people's coping behaviors
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the formation mechanism of the host country people's coping behavior regarding the construction of transnational railways to help engineering managers and decision makers improve their risk management and lead to sustainable transnational railway construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopted the grounded theory methodology to analyze the news stories reported by “Belt and Road Portal” and “The New York Times” about eight transnational railways. They were China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan (Central Asia), Mecca-to-Medina (West Asia), Hungarian–Serbia (Europe), China–Nepal (South Asia), Bi-Oceanic (South America), Mombasa–Nairobi (Africa), China–Laos (Southeast Asia) and Panama railways (North America). The keywords for news search were the names of each railway. After eliminating the problem sentences with semantic repetition and ambiguity, 2,631 effective sentences were formed to screen the information and code. The process included open, axial and selective coding.FindingsIt was concluded that the core structure of the formation mechanism was “situation,” “influence factor,” “cognition” and “coping behavior.” The country-of-origin image has served as an adjustment function in the analysis for the host country people. Governance strategies were suggested focusing on risk prevention, risk mitigation and risk response according to social risk management.Research limitations/implicationsThe rise of transnational railway construction is encouraged by the process of globalization. But during the long construction period, the host country people's coping behavior would develop into social conflicts and mass incidents, becoming a significant obstacle to construction objectives. Thus, studying the formation mechanism of public coping behaviors can better take measures to prevent social risks.Originality/valueThe contributions of this research are three aspects: first, a formation mechanism of the host country people's coping behavior based on grounded theory is presented. Second, the country-of-origin image is found to be a factor that cannot be ignored in a transnational context. The formation mechanism of public coping behaviors is improved compared to risk management in the domestic situation. Finally, the host country people pay more attention to the motivations of country-of-origin's controlling interests and their own emotions compared with internal stakeholders.
Journal Article
Open Domain Target Detection Based on Image-text Alignment Large Model under Railway Smart Construction Site
Open domain target detection plays a crucial role in ensuring people’s life safety in Railway Smart Construction Site. This paper proposes a target detection method that is not limited by the number of labels, which is different from traditional models that are usually trained and tested on a fixed set of object categories (or a set of labels). Firstly, the pre-training GLIP model is utilized to train the collected image-text pairing data to generate grounding boxes. Secondly, the pseudo-labeled data formed by associating these boxes with the corresponding text descriptions were combined with the original image-text data to form an enhanced dataset. The final model performs inference based on the prompt and incoming image data to determine the localization information. The GLIP model effectively aligns image and text information and enhances its ability to recognize and handle problems by observing and understanding new situations.
Journal Article
Crushed stone supply challenges for infrastructure development in Hungary
The rapid expansion of Hungary’s infrastructure projects, especially in railway construction, has significantly increased the demand for crushed stone. Both national and EU-funded initiatives have strained supply chains, resulting in logistical challenges and material shortages. With limited domestic production capacity, efficient resource management is crucial to keeping projects on track. This paper evaluates Hungary’s supply chain for crushed stone, identifying key weaknesses and proposing solutions to enhance sustainability. Purpose. This study investigates the logistical and supply chain difficulties in delivering crushed stone for Hungary’s railway infrastructure projects. It evaluates current supply limitations, proposes ways to improve domestic resource management, and offers strategies to reduce reliance on imports while emphasizing sustainability. Methodology. The research applies Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling to analyze transportation routes for crushed stone, suggesting ways to streamline logistics. It examines the production capacities of Hungarian quarries, some producing 15,000–25,000 tons monthly, and assesses the impact of European and Hungarian regulations on material quality and availability. The potential for integrating recycled materials into the supply chain is also explored. Findings. Hungary’s domestic quarries cannot meet the high demand for railway ballast, estimated at 192,000 tons annually, leading to import reliance. GIS modeling shows optimized transportation routes could cut costs and carbon emissions. Incorporating smaller stone fractions and recycled materials could mitigate shortages, with recycled materials potentially comprising 40 % of railway ballast. Originality. By integrating geological, logistical, and regulatory insights, this paper provides novel approaches for addressing Hungary’s crushed stone supply chain challenges. The use of GIS modeling and recycled materials offers innovative solutions for reducing environmental impacts. Practical value. The findings present actionable strategies for improving Hungary’s supply chain efficiency, promoting recycling, and optimizing logistics. These solutions are applicable to Hungary and other regions facing similar infrastructure material supply challenges.
Journal Article
Corrosion of Steel Fiber Subjected to Stray Current Interference
Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) can be an ideal substitute for conventional steel reinforcement in railway tunnel lining construction due to its high strength and good fire resistance. On the other hand, it is still not clear whether discontinuous steel fibers can pick up and transfer stray current and lead to similar corrosive attack as that occurs in conventional steel reinforcement. These were evaluated through voltammetry tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) before and after simulated railway stray direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) interferences. In addition to instrumental methods in electrochemistry, numerical modeling based on the boundary element method (BEM) modeling indicates that discrete steel fibers can pick up and transfer stray currents. This was validated by the electrochemical investigations conducted using both aqueous and solid (mortar) electrolytes. It can be concluded that steel fibers have high corrosion resistance to stray AC and DC interferences even with the presence of a small amount of NaCl in the electrolyte. Keywords: cyclic voltammetry; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; galvanostatic; passivity; potentiostatic; steel fiber-reinforced concrete; stray current.
Journal Article
Carbon Footprint of Railway Projects Under the Belt and Road Initiative and the Future Low‐Carbon Pathways
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) makes headway in constructing railway projects invested by China, yet related environmental impacts are rarely discussed. Here we quantify the carbon footprint of railway project construction (RPC) under the BRI and identify the drivers behind their variations to find possible carbon reduction pathways. Our results show that China‐invested overseas RPC in BRI countries induced 2,095.2 Mt CO2 emissions through the global supply chains during 2008–2017. Specifically, 73% of the carbon footprint relies on supply chains in BRI countries, and 27% spills over to other regions serving as the suppliers of global resources. Upgrading key industries' technological levels in BRI countries to China's average level can mitigate the carbon footprint by 77%. Once all industries achieve China's average technological level, nearly 90% of the carbon footprint can be avoided. The findings potentially provide valuable insights into achieving sustainable project construction in cross‐regional cooperation and promoting green development of the BRI. Plain Language Summary The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has promoted massive overseas infrastructure investment and construction in BRI countries, especially railway project constructions. The railway project construction promotes some targets of Sustainable Development Goals while hurting others directly and indirectly. The direct environmental impacts of China's overseas infrastructure projects in BRI countries have been fully investigated. However, the indirect impacts of these overseas railway projects are rarely discussed. Our study quantifies indirect CO2 emissions driven by railway project construction under the BRI through the global supply chains. We find that the carbon footprint mainly relies on supply chains in BRI countries but significantly spills over to the globe as well. Upgrading BRI countries' technological levels (Hereinafter, technological levels are proxied by country‐level emissions intensity) to China's average technological levels can potentially mitigate 77%–90% of emissions. Key Points China‐invested overseas railway project construction (RPC) under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) induced 2,095.2 Mt embodied CO2 emissions during 2008–2017 73% of CO2 emissions induced by RPC rely on supply chains of BRI countries and 27% spills over to other regions Upgrading BRI countries' emissions intensities to China's current level mitigates 77%–90% of carbon footprint
Journal Article
Dissipative Structure Analysis Based on the Brusselator Model: China’s Railway Green Construction System
With the ever-increasing maturation of green construction management in the railway sector, more and more construction entities are concerned about whether the whole system is going in a healthy direction. While the existing system of green construction in the railway sector still has a huge potential to be developed. This paper tends to identify the decisive factor which may trigger a tremendous implementation of this sector system from the angle of system science. A deep comprehension of the synergy mechanism in the sector could be acquired in this paper. Through a series of entropy computing and analysis, the railway green construction sector system has been verified as a dissipative system. It exists a frequent interflow between inside and outside entropy. To maintain the healthy state of the system, internal entropy such as construction life cycle, gathering, storage, publicizing, destruction of information, resource delivery, energy-saving certification, and external entropy, for instance, energy consumption regime, development of clean energy application were selected to solve the possible problem in railway green construction sector. Based on the results, several constructive policy implications are generated to help policymaker or practitioners during their decision-making process.
Journal Article
Research on Dynamic Response and Construction Safety Countermeasures of an Adjacent Existing Line Foundation under the Influence of a New Railway Line
The excavation of a new high-speed railway causes the side slope adjacent to the existing line foundation to become airborne, and the excessive dynamic deformation or cumulative deformation caused by the dynamic load of trains will affect the normal service of the subgrade, even leading to its instability. To date, there are no relevant experimental data regarding this, and there is also a lack of corresponding specifications. The only available numerical simulation research results need to be verified in practice. Therefore, this study relies on the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity high-speed railway construction project adjacent to the existing Beijing–Shanghai line to carry out a subgrade dynamic response test to ensure the safe operation of the existing line. The test obtained the vibration displacement, frequency, acceleration, and other parameters of the existing subgrade construction in three stages: subgrade excavation, pile formation, and subgrade filling. From the test results: During the test period, the vertical surface vibration displacement and vibration acceleration have a certain attenuation along the depth direction. In the stage of subgrade excavation, the vibration displacement and vibration acceleration generated are the largest. The vertical vibration displacement amplitude reaches 1.9 mm, and the horizontal vibration displacement amplitude reaches 0.15 mm. The vibration frequency of the roadbed under the action of the train load is concentrated in the range of 0–50 Hz, and the vibration energy at the peak value is relatively large, which reflects the load action frequency of the train, and the peak value is mainly concentrated in the range of 20–40 Hz. These results show that the maximum vibration response peak appears in the subgrade excavation stage, that is, the most dangerous stage of the existing subgrade. The vibration acceleration and vibration displacement of each dynamic response parameter are important in that they reflect the dynamic performance of the subgrade and establish the index control standard, which can be used as a control index for roadbed dynamic stability monitoring. The dynamic test of the subgrade state provides data support for the reasonable opening of the construction skylight and the protection of the excavation slope. Taking into account the impact of piling vibration, technical measures such as static pressure, jumping construction, and setting up stress relief holes are adopted. The test results and engineering measures ensure the safe operation of the existing subgrade, and have important theoretical significance for guiding the construction of the new subgrade adjacent to the existing line.
Journal Article