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Research summary: In this article, we review, integrate, and extend the literature on markets, competition, and categories as it applies to strategic management theory. Developments in the literatures of economics and organizational theory have shed new light on market categories and category dynamics. These developments highlight the fact that boundary questions are fundamental to the competitive process, and represent a fertile area for research and theory. The objective is to encourage a theoretically grounded rapprochement between current strategic management research and both older and newer research on categories and competition. Managerial summary: One of the key problems for business strategists is understanding the competitive environment and interpreting the effects of competition on a business. This article attempts to integrate various literatures in the study of competition by suggesting that strategists play a crucial role in linking abstract categories of firms and products that have become part of an industry's terminology with real-time competitive processes taking place among firms and buyers. Strategists interpret cues such as cross-elasticities of demand among their own and competing products and connect these cues to taken-for-granted categories demarcating the boundaries of markets. Simultaneously, strategists are introducing new categories by reformulating old nomenclatures and introducing new ones. We also trace the possible effects of this 'competitive sensemaking' on firm behaviors.

A rapprochement between the anthropology of history and the anthropology of capitalism has created a temporal turn. This temporal turn has generated new theoretical insights into the times of capitalist modernity and vectors of inequality. Yet research has so far been divided into three separate streams of inquiry. Work addresses the techne (techniques), episteme (knowledge), or phronesis (ethics) of time, following traditions in the social sciences derived from Aristotelian categories. This review explores the potential and limits of such distinctions. It also traces contemporary dominant representations and experiences of time such as short-term market cycles, the anticipatory futures of the security state, and precarity. It follows how time-maps are assembled into technologies of imagination with associated material practices. In conclusion, it proposes a new theoretical vista on time for anthropology based on the heuristic of timescapes. From this perspective, the dynamic interrelationships among techniques, knowledge, and ethics of time can be traced and the inequalities generated by conflicts in time become visible.

The Brazilian relations with the African continent, after a long period of estrangement, gained a new momentum since the 2000’s. The historical links, the consolidation of a Brazilian policy of Africa and the important changes on the African continent are present in the Brazilian perspective about the need of rapprochement and cooperation. The discourse and the diplomatic practice converge to the building of preferential alliances with partners in the context of South-South relations. In this perspective, the African continent represents one of the largest investment areas in diplomatic terms from the recent governments. And still, the building of a strategic space that connects Brazil to the African coast makes the Atlantic Ocean an area to be preserved for cooperation between both sides. In this sense, this study evaluates the interaction between Brazil and the African continent and analyses the Brazil-Africa relations, especially Lusophone Africa, in the framework of South-South Cooperation.

Several of the contributions to the Lynch et al. Special issue make the claim that conversation-analytic research into epistemics is ‘routinely crafted at the expense of actual, produced and constitutive detail, and what that detail may show us’. Here, we seek to address the inappositeness of this critique by tracing precisely how it is that recognizable actions emerge from distinct practices of interaction. We begin by reviewing some of the foundational tenets of conversation-analytic theory and method – including the relationship between position and composition, and the making of collections – as these appear to be primary sources of confusion for many of the contributors to the Lynch et al. Special Issue. We then target some of the specific arguments presented in the Special Issue, including the alleged ‘over-hearer’s’ writing of metrics, the provision of socalled ‘alternative’ analyses and the supposed ‘crafting’ of generalizations in epistemics research. In addition, in light of Lynch’s more general assertion that conversation analysis (CA) has recently been experiencing a ‘rapprochement’ with what he disparagingly refers to as the ‘juggernaut’ of linguistics, we discuss the specific expertise that linguists have to offer in analyzing particular sorts of interactional detail. The article as a whole thus illustrates that, rather than being produced ‘at the expense of actual, produced and constitutive detail’, conversation-analytic findings – including its work in epistemics – are unambiguously anchored in such detail. We conclude by offering our comments as to the link between CA and linguistics more generally, arguing that this relationship has long proven to be – and indeed continues to be – a mutually beneficial one.

The literature on environmental peacemaking claims that groups in conflict can put aside their differences and cooperate in the face of shared environmental challenges, thereby facilitating more peaceful relations between them. This study provides the first comprehensive review of the widely dispersed empirical evidence on such environment-peace links. In order to do so, it distinguishes three understandings of peace and identifies four mechanisms connecting environmental cooperation to peace. The results suggest that environmental cooperation can facilitate the absence of violence within states as well as symbolic rapprochement within and between states, although such links are strongly dependent on the presence of several contextual factors. The most relevant mechanisms connecting environmental cooperation to peace are an increase in understanding and trust and especially the build-up of institutions. By contrast, environmental peacemaking is unlikely to have an impact on substantial integration between states or groups. Based on these findings, the article offers four suggestions for future research: (i) assess the relevance of environmental cooperation vis-à-vis other (presumably less contextdependent) drivers of peacemaking, (ii) pay more attention to the mechanisms connecting environmental cooperation to peacemaking, (iii) focus on the interactions between and the different time horizons of the three understandings of peace, and (iv) study the downside of environmental peacemaking to provide a more nuanced assessment and identify further relevant contextual factors.

The Gulf region, an epicenter of intricate security dynamics, is marked by a plethora of actors and interests contending for dominance and stability. The Saudi-Iranian discord, a salient axis of tension, echoes beyond their bilateral relations, shaping the security architecture of the wider region. This study ventures into the convoluted Middle East Regional Security Complex (MERSC), with a particular emphasis on the Gulf, exploring the impacts of Saudi-Iranian rapprochement and presenting a sophisticated analysis against the canvas of the prevailing great power competition. Adopting a strategic perspective, the research dissects the intricate interactions of regional units, concurrently addressing the pivotal shifts in power dynamics underscored by the waning US clout and the rising prominence of China. The Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) is the analytical prism through which the study elucidates the evolving geopolitical landscape, offering valuable insights into the potential and impediments of engendering stability in this significant geopolitical nexus.

An old adage holds that \"only Nixon could go to China\"; that is, hawkish leaders face fewer domestic barriers than doves when it comes to pursuing reconciliation with foreign enemies. However, empirical evidence for this proposition is mixed. In this article, we clarify competing theories, elucidate their implications for public opinion, and describe the results of a series of survey experiments designed to evaluate whether and why there is a hawk's advantage. We find that hawks are indeed better positioned domestically to initiate rapprochement than doves. We also find support for two key causal mechanisms: Voters are more confident in rapprochement when it is pursued by a hawk and are more likely to view hawks who initiate conciliation as moderates, further, the hawk's advantage persists whether conciliatory efforts end in success or failure. Our microfoundational evidence thus suggests a pronounced domestic advantage for hawks who deliver the olive branch.

Self-determination theory (SDT) is an empirically based theory of human motivation, development, and wellness. The theory focuses on types, rather than just amount, of motivation, paying particular attention to autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation as predictors of performance, relational, and well-being outcomes. It also addresses the social conditions that enhance versus diminish these types of motivation, proposing and finding that the degrees to which basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are supported versus thwarted affect both the type and strength of motivation. SDT also examines people's life goals or aspirations, showing differential relations of intrinsic versus extrinsic life goals to performance and psychological health. In this introduction we also briefly discuss recent developments within SDT concerning mindfulness and vitality, and highlight the applicability of SDT within applied domains, including work, relationships, parenting, education, virtual environments, sport, sustainability, health care, and psychotherapy. La théorie de l'autodétermination est de nature empirique et concerne la motivation, le développement et le bien-être de l'être humain. Elle porte davantage sur les types de motivation que sur son ampleur et elle cible en particulier la motivation autonome, la motivation basée sur le contrôlé (extrinsèque) et le manque de motivation en tant qu'indicateurs prévisionnels des résultats en matière de performance ainsi que de rapports et de bien-être humains. La théorie touche aussi les conditions sociales qui sont favorables ou non à ces types de motivation, en suggérant puis en concluant que les diverses façons dont les besoins psychologiques fondamentaux en matière d'autonomie, de compétence et de rapprochement sont soutenus ou non affectent tant le type que l'ampleur de la motivation. La théorie de l'autodétermination examine aussi les objectifs et les aspirations de vie des gens, en comparant les éléments différentiels entre les objectifs de vie intrinsèques et extrinsèques par rapport à la performance et à la santé psychologique. Dans notre introduction, nous abordons aussi brièvement l'évolution récente de la théorie de l'autodétermination concernant la conscience et la vitalité, et nous soulignons l'applicabilité de la théorie de l'autodétermination au sein de domaines appliqués, dont le travail, les rapports humains, le parentage, l'éducation, les environnements virtuels, le sport, la durabilité, les soins de santé et la psychothérapie.

We are pleased to share this edition with the international academic world. It is a scientific novelty that from the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, dialogue and rapprochement are generated between distant cultures and, to a certain extent, ignored or that ignore each other due to their epistemic prejudices. The hyperspecialization of knowledge is a way of establishing sectoral hegemonies and legitimizing disciplinary impositions, protected by the conviction that there are fields of knowledge more important than others.

If critical thought is to contribute to liberatory struggle, it arguably requires a general, even structural, theorisation of the nature and sources of power and oppression. This appears to be at odds with the critical project of questioning the immanence of truth to power, as famously framed by Michel Foucault. Yet Foucault’s philosophical project in fact hinged upon his own attempts to grapple with this tension. What is more, his ultimate failure to resolve it led to ambiguities that might be considered generative (especially in light of increased rapprochement between Foucauldian, Marxian, and decolonial International Relations [IR]). Reading Indigenous and decolonial movement intellectuals in tandem with Foucault, alongside the philosophy of science of one of his major influences – Gaston Bachelard – we advocate attentiveness to the ‘experimental’ way in which struggles against capitalist extraction and (neo)colonialism hold together dissonant theoretical – and ontological – commitments when putting forward structural accounts of power. This leads us to an ethos of inquiry that starts from lived thought, as well as to a non-linear approach to the relations between method, theory, and associated ontological commitments, from which scholars are traditionally trained away in social science.