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Magmatic sheet intrusions contribute significantly to the upper crustal magma transport network. The emplacement mechanism of the magmatic sheets controls the final geometry of the intrusions and the characteristics of host rock deformation. Previous observations have highlighted the preponderance of brittle structures, associated with shallow-level sheet intrusions. However, recent studies have suggested that non-brittle host rock behaviour also occurs, particularly related to the formation of magma fingers during shallow-level sill intrusion. Here, we examine both brittle and non-brittle intrusion mechanisms and expand upon them with field observations from a series of widespread and variable magmatic systems. Non-brittle emplacement appears primarily associated with viscous flow of the host rock during intrusion and is therefore intimately linked to the contemporaneous host rock rheology as well as magma dynamics. Purely brittle and non-brittle emplacement processes are found to be end members with many intrusions containing evidence of both behaviours. Deriving the host rock characteristics is therefore important for discerning potential diagnostic intrusion indicators and intrusion geometries both within the field and in modelling. Incorporation of variable host material behaviours in numerical and analogue modelling, tuned using direct field observations, may consequently further our understanding of the controls on shallow-level intrusion.

En este trabajo se presenta una primera aproximación sobre el análisis de la cerámica perteneciente a la cuenca de Ratones, Puna de Salta, Noroeste de Argentina. El objetivo es contribuir al estudio sobre la expansión Inca en la región y, más particularmente, en las tierras altas de la puna. La muestra analizada proviene de los sitios Cueva Inca Viejo y Abra de Minas, los cuales contienen indicadores de ocupaciones humanas principalmente en los períodos Tardío preincaico e Inca. La evidencia arqueológica relevada hasta el momento ha permitido sostener que la intensa ocupación del Tawantinsuyu en el área de estudio estaría vinculada con la explotación de turquesa. Por otra parte, un conjunto de indicadores, entre los que se destaca la presencia de arquitectura ceremonial, señala la importancia que desempeñó la propiciación de prácticas rituales. En este contexto, el análisis de la cerámica realiza un aporte para comprender la naturaleza y el impacto de la expansión imperial en la cuenca de Ratones, fundamentalmente en relación con la organización de la explotación minera y la utilización de la ritualidad como estrategia para una dominación más efectiva. The present work is a first approach to the analysis of the ceramics of the Ratones basin, Puna of Salta, north-western Argentina. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the study of the Inca expansion in the region and, more specifically, in the highlands of the Puna. The analyzed sample comes from the sites Cueva Inca Viejo and Abra de Minas, which show indicators of human occupation, mainly in the Late pre-Inca and Inca periods. The archaeological evidence recorded so far suggests that the intense occupation of Tawantinsuyu in the study area would be linked to turquoise mining. Additionally, a set of indicators where ceremonial architecture stands out,emphasizes the role played by ritual practices. In this context, the analysis of ceramics contributes to understanding the nature and impact of imperial expansion in the Ratones basin, mainly in relation to the organization of mining activitiesand the use of rituals as a strategy for a more effective domination.

Carcinogenicities of mutagenic heterocyclic amines in cooked foods have been tested in CDF1mice and F344 rats of both sexes. Eight heterocyclic amines-Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, MeAαC, AαC, IQ, and MeIQ-were given to mice and/or rats at 0.02 to 0.08% in the diet continuously. In mice, all heterocyclic amines tested were demonstrated to be carcinogenic. Hepatocellular carcinomas were induced in a high incidence in all groups treated with heterocyclic amines. Hemangioendothelial sarcomas were also induced by Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, MeAαC, and AαC. Most hemangioendothelial sarcomas were located in the interscapular brown adipose tissue. In mice given IQ, forestomach and lung tumors were also observed in a high incidence. Carcinogenicity tests on MeIQ are ongoing, and interim data by week 83 show that MeIQ also induces forestomach tumors in addition to liver tumors. In rats, hepatocellular carcinomas were induced by Trp-P-1, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, and IQ. In rats given Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, and IQ, adenocarcinomas in the small and large intestines, squamous cell carcinomas in the Zymbal gland and clitoral gland were also observed in a high incidence.