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BACKGROUND: Assessment of readability and reliability of online resources for orthopedic patients is an area of growing interest, but there is currently limited reporting on this topic for patellar instability (PI) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR). METHODS: Utilizing the Searchresponse.io dataset, we analyzed inquiries related to PI and MPFLR. Readability and reliability were assessed using the Automated Reading Index, Flesch Reading Ease, and the JAMA benchmark criteria. RESULTS: Analysis of 363 frequently asked questions from 130 unique websites revealed a predominant interest in fact-based information. Readability assessments indicated that the average grade level of the resources was significantly higher than the 6th grade level and reliability varied between resources. CONCLUSION: Although the internet is an easily accessible resource, we demonstrate that PI and MPFLR resources arc written at a significantly higher reading level than is recommended, and there is inconsistent reliability amongst resources with medical practice websites demonstrating the lowest reliability.

\"What makes a text readable? Although there are many studies concerned with readability from various perspectives, there have been no recent attempts to consider the field more generally, as an area of scholarly research as well as one that has practical significance. This book brings together the relevant literature and theories, and situates them within a unified account. Beginning with an historical treatment of the concept of readability and readability formulas, it goes on to discuss recent research on the subject from the perspectives of many fields, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and text linguistics. The book will be invaluable to both scholars and practitioners who seek a single resource offering a comprehensive, principled discussion of the issues\"-- Provided by publisher.

INTRODUCTION:Gastroparesis, a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying in the absence of obstruction, can be a frustrating motility disorder. Affected individuals often seek online information for self-education. Systematic analysis of internet-available information is important. This study evaluated the readability and quality of easily accessible online information on gastroparesis.METHODS:A Google search using the term “Gastroparesis” to obtain the first 100 websites was performed. Websites were excluded if they contained veterinarian or pediatric content, were duplicates or were inaccessible. Sites were categorized by intended audience: professional or consumer. The validated Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Calculation determined readability. The validated DISCERN questionnaire determined quality, with scores rated as Excellent >55, Good 36-55 or Poor <36. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test with a P-value set at <0.05.RESULTS:89 websites were analyzed. 58 (65.2%) were written for consumers and 31 (34.8%) for medical professionals. 49 (55%) were created by academic institutions. The average Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 11.4. 6 websites (6.75%) scored a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 6 or below. The mean quality was Good (DISCERN score 52.6) with 39 Excellent (43.8%), 35 Good (39.3%) and 15 Poor (16.9%). Consumer sites included significantly more recommendations for diet modifications (86.2% vs 64.5%, P < 0.03) than medical professional sites, but excluded references (27.5% vs 80.6%, P < 0.0001). Regardless of consumer status, methods of diagnosis (63.3% vs 37.5%, P < 0.02), labs (63.3% vs 37.5%, P < 0.02) and gastric pacers (63.3% vs 37.5%, P < 0.02) were discussed significantly more on academic institution websites.CONCLUSION:This study revealed the variability in readability and quality of online resources for gastroparesis. The majority of websites targeted consumers, yet readability exceeded the NIH 6th grade reading level recommendation for medical information. In the era of widespread internet use for acquiring health information, it is important that quality online health information resources use patient-centered language to facilitate formed decision making.

Abstract Introduction: The American Medical Association recommends that healthcare articles intended for the public should be written at or below a sixth grade reading level. The literature has consistently shown that online materials on orthopedic surgeries are written at a level well above this threshold. This discrepancy can exacerbate existing healthcare disparities, as patients with lower education or language barriers may be unable to fully understand the implications of a surgical procedure and postoperative protocol. This study assesses the readability of online articles about periacetabular osteotomy. Methods: A search was conducted using the term “periacetabular osteotomy” on Google, Yahoo!, and Bing on March 4th, 2024. The first 3 pages of results were recorded. Unique articles about periacetabular osteotomy in English that were predominantly text-based were included. Websites were excluded if they were in a video format, predominantly image format, duplicate, or unrelated to periacetabular osteotomy. Websites were classified as private physician-sponsored, academic institution-sponsored, peer-reviewed article, government and nonprofit organization, or unspecified. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Gunning Fog Score, Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), SMOG Index, and Automated Readability Index (ARI). Results: Seventy-nine websites were identified from the initial search, of which 35 duplicates were removed and 1 removed for being predominantly image-based, leading to a total of 43 websites evaluated. Academic sources were the most common (53.5%), followed by private physician-sponsored sites (20.9%), and peer-reviewed articles (16.3%). The average Flesch-Kincade grade level was found to be 9.11 ± 1.85, higher than the recommended sixth-grade level. There was a significant difference in readability among author types for the FKGL (p = 0.0019), FRE (p < 0.001), CLI (p = 0.0014), ARI (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Online articles regarding periacetabular osteotomy surpass the recommended readability levels, posing substantial barriers to patient comprehension. Simplification strategies, including reducing word and sentence complexity and employing simpler terms are imperative to enhance patient understanding. This study underscores the necessity of improving the readability of online resources concerning periacetabular osteotomy to facilitate patient education and decision-making.