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Matching reading data to interventions : a simple tool for elementary educators
\"This accessible and reader-friendly book will help you assess and determine the foundational reading needs of each of your K - 5 students. Literacy leaders Jill Dunlap Brown and Jana Schmidt offer an easy-to-use data analysis tool called, \"The Columns\" for teachers at all levels of experience to make sense of classroom data for elementary readers. This book will guide you in using the tool to identify the root causes of foundational reading deficits and to plan appropriate interventions. Sample case studies allow you to practice identifying needs and matching interventions. Stories and examples throughout the book will encourage you as you help your students meet their full potential\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Reading success for all students
\"Help for reading teachers in continuous monitoring, assessment and instruction that targets students' problem areas This vital resource offers classroom teachers and literacy coaches practical assessments that can be used to evaluate key areas in students' reading performance. These assessments will provide information that can be directly used for planning instruction. Specific instructional techniques and activities are linked to each of the assessments so that teachers know exactly how to teach necessary skills. Tests and other evaluative devices are aligned with Common Core State Standards and state frameworks. Offers a proven model for monitoring and assessing students Assessments and instructional strategies are easy to implement as part of any curriculum Practical strategies are modeled on a tested approach for helping students work through their problem areas \"--
eBook
Reading success for all students : using formative assessment to guide instruction and intervention
\"Help for reading teachers in continuous monitoring, assessment and instruction that targets students' problem areas This vital resource offers classroom teachers and literacy coaches practical assessments that can be used to evaluate key areas in students' reading performance. These assessments will provide information that can be directly used for planning instruction. Specific instructional techniques and activities are linked to each of the assessments so that teachers know exactly how to teach necessary skills. Tests and other evaluative devices are aligned with Common Core State Standards and state frameworks. Offers a proven model for monitoring and assessing students Assessments and instructional strategies are easy to implement as part of any curriculum Practical strategies are modeled on a tested approach for helping students work through their problem areas \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests, Year 2
In his 1997 State of the Union address, President Clinton announced a federal initiative to develop tests of 4th-grade reading and 8th-grade mathematics that could be administered on a voluntary basis by states and school districts beginning in spring 1999. The principal purpose of the Voluntary National Tests (VNT) is to provide parents and teachers with systematic and reliable information about the verbal and quantitative skills that students have achieved at two key points in their educational careers. The U.S. Department of Education anticipated that this information would serve as a catalyst for continued school improvement, by focusing parental and community attention on achievement and by providing an additional tool to hold school systems accountable for their students' performance in relation to nationwide standards.
Shortly after initial development work on the VNT, Congress transferred responsibility for VNT policies, direction, and guidelines from the department to the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB, the governing body for the National Assessment of Educational Progress). Test development activities were to continue, but Congress prohibited pilot and field testing and operational use of the VNT pending further consideration. At the same time, Congress called on the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the VNT development activities. Since the evaluation began, the NRC has issued three reports on VNT development: an interim and final report on the first year's work and an interim report earlier on this second year's work. This final report includes the findings and recommendations from the interim report, modified by new information and analysis, and presents our overall conclusions and recommendations regarding the VNT.
eBook
Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests
In his 1997 State of the Union address, President Clinton announced a federal initiative to develop tests of 4th-grade reading and 8th-grade mathematics that would provide reliable information about student performance at two key points in their educational careers. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the Voluntary National Tests (VNT) would create a catalyst for continued school improvement by focusing parental and community-wide attention on achievement and would become new tools to hold school systems accountable for their students' performance. The National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) has responsibility for development of the VNT. Congress recognized that a testing program of the scale and magnitude of the VNT initiative raises many important technical questions and requires quality control throughout development and implementation. In P.L. 105-78, Congress called on the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate a series of technical issues pertaining to the validity of test items, the validity of proposed links between the VNT and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), plans for the accommodation and inclusion of students with disabilities and English-language learners, plans for reporting test information to parents and the public, and potential uses of the tests. This report covers phase 1 of the evaluation (November 1997-July 1998) and focuses on three principal issues: test specifications and frameworks; preliminary evidence of the quality of test items; and plans for the pilot and field test studies, for inclusion and accommodation, and for reporting VNT results.
eBook
Running Records
The most effective way to understand what a child knows about the reading process is to take a running record. In Running Records, Mary Shea demonstrates how teachers can use this powerful tool to design lessons that decrease reading difficulties, build on strengths, and stimulate motivation, ensuring that children develop self-sustaining learning strategies.
Special Features include:
a step-by-step outline for taking efficient running records
guidance in running record analysis: readers will learn how to use running record data to determine a child's level of decoding skill, comprehension, fluency, and overall reading confidence
a Companion Website offering videos of the running record process, sample running records for analysis, and numerous other resources
In order to meet the multi-faceted needs of children in today's classrooms, teachers must be knowledgeable about literacy concepts. Running Records provides that invaluable knowledge, making it an ideal text for literacy courses for pre-service teachers and a key professional reference for in-service teachers.
eBook
The New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension: Rethinking the Reading Achievement Gap
Is there an achievement gap for online reading ability based on income inequality that is separate from the achievement gap in traditional, offline reading? This possibility was examined between students in two pseudonymous school districts: West Town (economically advantaged) and East Town (economically challenged; N = 256). Performance-based assessments were used within a simulation of the Internet developed as part of a larger project. Seventh graders completed two online research and comprehension assessments, which evaluated four skill areas (locate, evaluate, synthesize, and communicate) and two knowledge domains in science. Students also completed an assessment of prior domain knowledge and a short Internet use questionnaire. Standardized state reading and writing test scores served as measures of offline literacy skills. Results indicated that there was a significant achievement gap favoring West Town students in offline reading scores, offline writing scores, and online research and comprehension scores. A significant gap persisted for online research and comprehension after we conditioned on pretest differences in offline reading, offline writing, and prior knowledge scores. The results of the questionnaire indicated that West Town students had greater access to the Internet at home and were required to use the Internet more in school. These results suggest that a separate and independent achievement gap existed for online reading, based on income inequality. Current estimates of this gap, which rely solely on measures of offline reading, may underrepresent the true nature of the U. S. reading achievement gap in an online age. Policy implications are explored.
Journal Article
Measurement invariance in the enjoyment of reading across grades measured by IRT and DIF analysis
When measuring a phenomena across different grades it is important that the instrument measures the same way by being perceived in the same manner no matter what grade. Especially if the phenomena is a concept that should be universal and therefore independent of other circumstances, such as age. To the best of all worlds, the phenomena of enjoyment of reading should thus be universal and measure the same across grades through its measurement of intrinsic motivation of reading. Inspired by the ILSA study PIRLS 2021 a scale of enjoyment of reading was created and examined for DIF across ages and evaluated by IRT in a sample of all pupils in the public-school system in one municipality in Denmark (grade 0.–9., age 6–16). The analysis shows DIF in items, and the DIF cluster to be similar for younger pupils (0.–2. grade, age 6–8) and the older pupils (3.–9. grade, age 9–16), which indicates that the measurement is different for the two groups. The measurement of enjoyment of reading is thus not universal, as our results indicate that grades 0–2 should not be included or that one should be aware of the potential issues related to these first grades.
Journal Article
Computer-based assessment of reading ability and subtypes of readers with reading comprehension difficulties
Reading difficulties in school are very challenging for teachers due to many different reader subtypes in one and the same class. Moreover, there are few easy-to-use tools enabling teachers to assess reading ability. According to the Simple View of Reading (Hoover and Gough in Reading and Writing, 2(2), 127–160, 1990), efficient reading comprehension is the result of an interaction between word reading (through three word representation levels: orthographic, phonological, and semantic) and comprehension (through three processing types: literal, text-connecting, and gap-filling inferences). Difficulties in one of these components, or in both, should lead to difficulties in reading comprehension and bring about different reader subtypes. This study aims, first, to examine the validity of the tool and, second, to explore performance reading patterns of children with reading difficulties. A population of 485 typically developing French children from grade 2 to grade 9 was tested using three computerized tasks that recorded accuracy and speed: lexical quality to examine the three levels of word representation; silent reading and listening comprehension to examine both literal and inferential processing. Results showed the appropriateness of the tool but also identified a number of limits. It was possible with the results to detect 76 children with reading comprehension difficulties and to divide them into 5 clusters essentially according to their word reading performances. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical frameworks used to build the tool.
Journal Article