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"Real estate development California Los Angeles"
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Family and neighborhood sources of socioeconomic inequality in children's achievement
We examined family and neighborhood sources of socioeconomic inequality in children's reading and mathematics achievement using data from the 2000— 2001 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. To describe inequality in achievement scores, we used Gini coefficients and concentration indices and multilevel regression models. We found no inequality in children's achievement by family income when other variables in the model were held constant. Mother s reading scores and average neighborhood levels of income accounted for the largest proportion of inequality in children s achievement. Neighborhood economic status appears to be strongly associated with children's skills acquisition.
Journal Article
Network Accessibility and Employment Centres
This research examines the impact of accessibility on the growth of employment centres in the Los Angeles region between 1990 and 2000. There is extensive empirical documentation of polycentricity—the presence of multiple concentrations of employment—in large metropolitan areas. However, there is limited understanding of the determinants of growth of employment centres. It has long been held that transport investments influence urban structure, particularly freeways and airports. Using data on 48 employment centres, the effects are tested of various measures of accessibility on centre employment growth: highway accessibility, network accessibility and two measures of labour force accessibility. Access to airports is also tested. It is found that, after controlling for centre size, density, industry mix, location within the region and spatial amenities, labour force accessibility and network accessibility are significantly related to centre growth. It is concluded that accessibility continues to play an important role in urban spatial structure.
Journal Article
Making operative concepts from Murray Schafer's soundscapes typology
Employing components of Murray Schafer's soundscape typology from his inimitable 1977 work, The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World, my exploratory study qualitatively and comparatively explores the sonic landscape and noise pollution 'texture' of Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California. By employing Schafer's soundscape concepts to explain how people subjectively accommodate and generate the noises and sounds of cities, I hope to move beyond the conventional quantitative measurements of sound through decibels. The study argues that urban sociology's blind spot is that qualitative examinations of the sonic environment have not been undertaken. By making operative Schafer's soundscape concepts I make the preliminary argument that a qualitative understanding of urban noise reveals social structure insofar as cultural accommodations of noise, urban configurations of a city and degrees of development of a city are concerned.
Journal Article
Struggles to form business improvement districts (BIDs) in Los Angeles
Autonomous efforts to improve local business environments have become an increasingly important impetus for economic development. Business improvement districts (BIDs), as one of such autonomous organisations, have clearly demonstrated benefits for promoting commercial areas over the last two decades. When BIDs spread over a city, however, not every commercial district succeeds in establishing BIDs despite some initial efforts. This research examines the types of challenges that these neighbourhoods experience in order to form BIDs. This study is based on census data analyses and in-depth interviews with city employees, BID consultants, executive directors of BIDs and community stakeholders in Los Angeles. The results show that the areas with unsuccessful attempts of BID formation in Los Angeles are relatively low-income immigrant neighbourhoods. Some of these neighbourhoods have struggled with disengaged property owners, spatial conflicts among diverse ethnic groups, immigrants' skepticism towards government and the chronic presence of informal economic activities. These findings suggest that some disadvantaged neighbourhoods are not adequately informed or organised to form BIDs. Public officials and community workers can support these neighbourhoods by providing direct assistance for the development of collective vision and action among community stakeholders.
Journal Article
Accessibility and Residential Land Values: Some Tests with New Measures
Accessibility is a fundamental concept in theories of metropolitan spatial structure. Urban economic models explain urban structure as a function of access to jobs; accessibility is capitalised into land values, which in turn explain the population distribution. Studies of residential land values show that many factors contribute to the value of a given location: the characteristics of the housing unit, its location with respect to social and environmental amenities, as well as access to jobs, services and other economic opportunities. Empirical studies typically use job access as a proxy for more generalised access to economic activities. However, jobs represent many different activities, from retail shopping to heavy manufacturing, and the value of access to these activities may be positive or negative. In this paper, accessibility measures based on industry sectors have been developed, allowing the separating out of possible different effects. Their impacts are tested on residential land values using data from the Los Angeles region. A multilevel modelling approach is used in order to control for neighbourhood-level attributes common to multiple properties. It is found that the various access measures have different and significant effects on land values, but attributes of the dwelling unit, together with access to the coast, explain most of the variation. The multilevel model is confirmed; there is significant correlation among properties within the same neighbourhood.
Journal Article
The Occupation-Industry Mismatch: New Trajectories for Regional Cluster Analysis and Economic Development
This article is a natural extension of the current discussion on occupational clustering and economic growth. It is argued that, while there has been increased interest in the role of occupations, little has been done from a methodological and empirical approach to discover how the study of occupations can illuminate the study of industry.Prior work in cluster analysis has generally taken an ' either/or' approach towards occupational and industrial analysis. Porter's clustering model has illuminated the cross-fertilising linkages across industries, but this is only half the story. It is argued that what drives these clusters is not only the industry, but also the people and their occupational skills and, therefore, such analysis must be expanded. Using the case of the IT sector in Los Angeles, the industry approach is combined with an ' occupational cluster analysis'. It is concluded that this approach leads to a better understanding of regional competitiveness and growth.
Journal Article
Evidence of Gentrification-induced Displacement among Social Services in London and Los Angeles
This paper addresses two key gaps within the gentrification/displacement literature: whether gentrification is displacing social services and whether displacement patterns differ comparatively. To this end, evidence is examined of gentrification-induced displacement of 81 purposively sampled social service facilities across gentrifying boroughs in London (Islington, Lambeth, Southwark and Westminster) and areas in Los Angeles (Downtown, Hollywood, Santa Monica and Venice) during the 1998-2008 period. Results suggested that substantial entrapment co-exists alongside displacement and, in fact, was more commonplace.
Journal Article
Water and power
“A crackling piece of history, politics, and economics, full of information, controversy and drama . . . loaded with enough detail, characters, incidents, and richness to make plenty of fiction look pale.”—Newsday
eBook
Buying into the American Dream? Mexican Immigrants, Legal Status, and Homeownership in Los Angeles County
Objectives. Contemporary patterns of homeownership reflect the continuing racial and ethnic stratification that exists in nearly all areas of American society. Of particular interest, especially within the context of recent immigration legislation, are the homeownership experiences of Mexican immigrants in the United States. Methods. The current study employs unique data from the 2001 Los Angeles County Mexican Immigrant Residency Status Survey (LAC-MIRSS) to examine the association between diverse forms of legal status and homeownership for Mexican immigrants. Results. Analyses indicate that the relationship between legal status and housing tenure is not statistically significant, after accounting for economic, life-course/life-cycle, and assimilation/social capital characteristics. Conclusions. The lack of a significant relationship is contrary to past research, perhaps explained by the explosive growth of the subprime mortgage market in the United States; the increasing recognition by financial institutions of Latino immigrants as a largely untapped, yet emerging, market in the mortgage industry; the availability of alternative forms of identification; and the institutionalization of unauthorized immigration in Los Angeles.
Journal Article