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"Realismus"
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Magic(al) Realism
This invaluable handbook, provides clear definitions and distinctions between the terms and helps to navigate the complexities of magic, magical and marvellous realism within art and literary criticism.
eBook
Blueprints and blood : the Stalinization of Soviet architecture, 1917-1937
Analyzing \"totalitarianism from below\" in a crucial area of Soviet culture, Hugh Hudson shows how Stalinist forces within the architectural community destroyed an avant-garde movement of urban planners and architects, who attempted to create a more humane built environment for the Soviet people. Through a study of the ideas and constructions of these visionary reformers, Hudson explores their efforts to build new forms of housing and \"settlements\" designed to free the residents, especially women, from drudgery, allowing them to participate in creative work and to enjoy the \"songs of larks.\" Resolving to obliterate this movement of human liberation, Stalinists in the field of architecture unleashed a \"little\" terror from below, prior to Stalin's Great Terror. Using formerly secret Party archives made available by perestroika, Hudson finds in the rediscovered theoretical work of the avant-garde architects a new understanding of their aims. He shows, for instance, how they saw the necessity of bringing elite desires for a transformed world into harmony with the people's wish to preserve national culture. Such goals brought their often divided movement into conflict with the Stalinists, especially on the subject of collectivization. Hudson's provocative work offers evidence that in spite of the ultimate success of the Stalinists, the Bolshevik Revolution was not monolithic: at one time it offered real architectural and human alternatives to the Terror.
Book
Die Vermessung des Schreibens. : Navid Kermanis ,,Dein Name\ als Poetologie der Großform
Abstract Der Aufsatz analysiert die performative Poetologie der Großform im Roman Dein Name (2011) von Navid Kermani. Zu dessen Leitmotiven gehören die Vermessung einer ausufernden Textmasse und die Suche nach einer literarischen Form, um die Wahrnehmung
der Wirklichkeit in ihrer Endlosigkeit zu vermitteln. Davon ausgehend fokussiert der Aufsatz den Zusammenhang zwischen Großform und Komposition, eine ästhetische Werklogik und eine epistemische Ordnung der Großform sowie eine Poetik der Ausdehnung.The paper analyzes a
performative poetology of the literary ,large form' in Navid Kermani's novel Dein Name (2011). Its leitmotifs include the measuring of an overflowing written text as well as the search for a literary form in order to convey the perception of reality as infinite. Taking
this into account, the paper focuses on the relations between the ,large form' and textual composition, on the aesthetic and epistemic orders of the ,large form' as well as on the poetics of textual extension.
Journal Article
The Afterlife of Sympathy
Literary realism rose to prominence in postbellum America with
what the realists heralded as artful and accurate depictions of the
world. Realism is thought to have replaced sentimentality-an
earlier mode of writing the realists disparaged, which has often
been seen as antithetical to realism. Literary scholar Faye Halpern
challenges this apparent binary by uncovering how and why William
Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Henry James, Constance Fenimore Woolson,
and Charles Chesnutt incorporated sentimental elements into their
most famous works. With its distinctively narratological approach,
The Afterlife of Sympathy offers a more rhetorical way to
understand sentimentality and assess the ethical complexity of
sympathy. Halpern demonstrates how sentimentality enables authors
to form intimate relationships between their characters and readers
to supplement the critical distance that realist writers otherwise
celebrate and that has remained a key value in literary studies
today. In reassessing American literary realism, Halpern seeks not
only to understand why these writers adopted sentimental techniques
but to provide insight into contemporary arguments in literary
studies about critical distance and sympathetic identification.
eBook
kanonen kicken köpfen. Fascism’s Violent Victory in Ludwig Harig’s “Das Fußballspiel”
Following World War II, sport in West Germany faced the problem of disassociating itself from National Socialism. The Kölner Schule in particular sought to confront the Nazi past in the postwar present by challenging the mediums of literary form and language, eventually abandoned the pages of literature entirely in favor of cinema and radio-plays to establish true “critical realism.” In order to achieve this feat, authors like Ludwig Harig turned to football, allowing athletics to act as a tool to facilitate the desired change in literature after 1945. Influenced by Wellershoff’s Neuer Realismus, Ludwig Harig’s 1962 short story and subsequent Hörspiel “Das Fußballspiel” seek to reflect the chaotic and confusing incomprehensibility of postwar West Germany by turning to the realism of everyday experiences of the individual. Harig utilizes football in combination with radical literary form and language as the everyday where the violent fascist past of West German society can be accessed and confronted. “Das Fußballspiel” uses sport to question the indifference of society after 1945 and its inability to come to terms with its horrific past. By utilizing Adorno’s theories on sport and fascism in Prisms and “Education after Auschwitz,” this article elucidates how sport unveils the resistance of society in recognizing the ghosts of fascism still present in society, and subsequently how this reluctance reflects the refusal of West German society to reconcile with the horrific and violent recent past.
Journal Article
Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy
Neoclassical realism is an important new approach to international relations. Focusing on the interaction of the international system and the internal dynamics of states, neoclassical realism seeks to explain the grand strategies of individual states as opposed to recurrent patterns of international outcomes. This book offers the first systematic survey of the neoclassical realist approach. The editors lead a group of senior and emerging scholars in presenting a variety of neoclassical realist approaches to states' grand strategies. They examine the central role of the 'state' and seek to explain why, how, and under what conditions the internal characteristics of states intervene between their leaders' assessments of international threats and opportunities, and the actual diplomatic, military, and foreign economic policies those leaders are likely to pursue.
eBook
Critical Realism
Critical realism is a movement in philosophy and the human sciences most closely associated with the work of Roy Bhaskar. Since the publication of Bhaskars A Realist Theory of Science, critical realism has had a profound influence on a wide range of subjects. This reader makes accessible, in one volume, key readings to stimulate debate about and within critical realism. It explores the following themes:
transcendental realist
the theory of explanatory critique
dialectics
Bhaskar's critical naturalist philosophy of science.
eBook
Misconceptions About Colour Categories
The origin of colour categories and their relationship to colour perception have been the prime example for testing the influence of language on perception and thought (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) and more generally for investigating the biological, ecological and cultural determination of human cognition (nature-nurture debate). These themes are central to a broad range of disciplines, including vision research, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, developmental science, cultural anthropology, linguistics, computer science, and philosophy. Unfortunately, though, it has been tacitly taken for granted that the conceptual assumptions and methodological practices from the dawn of empirical research on colour categorisation are the gold standard for current colour category research. Here, we show that these assumptions and practices are obsolete and flawed and have led to four fundamental and widespread misconceptions about colour categorisation: 1.) that colour perception is inherently categorical; 2.) that English Basic Colour Terms correspond to universal categories that are the end point of a fixed evolutionary sequence; 3.) that the prototypes of English basic colour terms are perceptually salient and qualify as focal colours; and 4.) that colour category research essentially revolves around the universalism-realism debate. State-of-the-art research on colour categorisation provides new, more sophisticated approaches and allows for rectifying those four statements. At the same time, some of the questions underlying those statements are not convincingly answered yet and constitute major challenges to future research. The critical considerations on colour categorisation may be transferred to research on other kinds of perceptual categorisation to inspire new, more general research questions.
Journal Article
Beauty in the eye of the self: novices’ aesthetic art preferences, stimulation potential, and self-concepts
This study investigated the underlying structure of novices’ aesthetic preferences for visual art. 478 participants were presented with paintings from realism, impressionism, expressionism, and contemporary disrupted realism and asked to indicate on a 5-point Likert scale how much they liked each painting. One subsample (
n
= 276) also rated how stimulating they found each painting in order to investigate interrelations with arousal. A second subsample (
n
= 202) completed the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (Cheek & Cheek,
2018
) and the Relationality-Contextuality Scale (Gollwitzer et al.,
2006
) to investigate interrelations with identity orientation and self-construal. First, principal component analysis revealed two style-related and four content-related aesthetic components that differed from the classic art movement categorization:
expressionist
,
dark
,
communal
,
interior
,
still-life
, and
landscape
. Second, age, gender, and art engagement were interrelated with aesthetic ratings but not stimulation ratings. Third, an inverse relationship between stimulation potential and aesthetic preferences was found that challenges theories of an inverted U-shaped relationship. Fourth, self-construal, identity orientation and aesthetic preferences were interrelated in support of the notion of an “aesthetic self” (Fingerhut et al., 2021). This study not only advances current knowledge on the influences of stimulation potential, self-construal and identity orientation. It also indicates that impressionist and realist art depicting landscapes or social themes may offer novices an easier way into the art world than expressionist art or art characterized by darker, more muted colors.
Journal Article