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"Reasonable accommodation"
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Interculturalism : a view from Quebec
Accommodating ethnic diversity is a major challenge for all democratic nations and a topic that has attracted a great deal of attention in the last few decades. Within Quebec, a new approach has emerged that seeks a balance between the needs of minorities and those of the majority. In Interculturalism, sociologist and historian Gâerard Bouchard presents his vision of interculturalism as a model for the management of diversity. A pluralist approach which recognizes the existence of a cultural majority whose rights must also be acknowledged, interculturalism constitutes an important alternative to multiculturalism both in Canada and internationally. Written by one of Quebec's leading public intellectuals and the co-chair of the Bouchard-Taylor Commission on reasonable accommodation, Interculturalism is the first clear and comprehensive statement in English of an approach being discussed around the world. A translation of Bouchard's award-winning French-language work, L'Interculturalisme: Un point de vue quâebâecois, this book features a new foreword by philosopher Charles Taylor and an afterword by the author written specifically for the English-language edition. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
From Yasashii Nihongo in non-disaster times towards a plurilingual language education approach: an outlook from the perspective of \reasonable accommodation\ version 2; peer review: 2 approved
In order to address labor shortages, starting April 2019 the Japanese government introduced two new visa categories, and it can be expected that the growing number of foreign residents living and working in Japan will be increasing further in the foreseeable future. Within this context, the notion of Yasashii Nihongo or Simplified Japanese has been gaining attention over recent years. Originally designed as a tool for transmitting information in disaster-related situations and proposed for disaster mitigation purposes, at present it is being advocated as a means of communication to be used in non-disaster situations as well. The authors argue that ultimately Yasashii Nihongo for non-disaster situations may be just a means to an end. Seen from the perspective of \"reasonable accommodation\", a concept prevalent in the domain of disability studies, they assert that by de facto creating a new linguistic category making it a tacit prerequisite to communicate in \"Japanese only\", Yasashii Nihongo is but a concept geared towards the language majority (speakers using Japanese as their first language) and is potentially serving no other purpose than to alleviate the psychological burden of having to speak in a language other than Japanese, thus potentially leading to a new form of discrimination towards language minorities. Offering an alternative approach for improving multicultural communication aimed at establishing a communicative space based on openness, equality, and mutual respect for each other's cultural, linguistic and ethnic identities, the authors propose the introduction of language education based on the notion of plurilingualism, as outlined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) by the Council of Europe.
Journal Article
Exploring how Japanese pharmacists provide reasonable accommodations for persons with intellectual disabilities
Background
There has been limited progress in research on reasonable accommodations for persons with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) who are able to live independently but have struggles. This study aims to qualitatively investigate how pharmacists provide reasonable accommodations when communicating with people with ID.
Methods
Between October 2023 and March 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 hospital or community pharmacists. They were mainly asked about how they have dealt with people with ID. Interviews were conducted either in person or online, each lasting 30–60 min. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.
Results
This study identified three main themes regarding the pharmacists’ reasonable accommodation practices: “comprehension aids,” “reminders,” and “structural accommodations.” Specifically, to help the individuals better understand, pharmacists tried to use simple expressions and visual information, including pictures and symbols, and to adjust their speaking speed and volume. As reminder strategies, they provided supplementary handwritten information, highlighted the main points, and use of post-its. Furthermore, they illustrated the medication sequence as a structural accommodation strategy.
Conclusions
The study suggests that pharmacists have employed several strategies to offer reasonable accommodations, aiming to build and maintain better relationships with people with ID and to promote these individuals’ understanding of medications, adherence, and treatment safety.
Journal Article
Inclusion of Workers with Disabilities in Production 4.0: Legal Foundations in Europe and Potentials Through Worker Assistance Systems
The inclusion of employees with disabilities in production is an issue that has rarely been addressed by scientists from the manufacturing sector. In this article, we examine to what extent the trend towards Industry 4.0 offers potential for the inclusion of people with disabilities in Production 4.0. First, we examine relevant legal foundations and restrictions in Europe and in more detail in Austria, Italy, and Norway. Next, based on a literature review, we examine which technological aids in the form of worker assistance systems derived from Industry 4.0 can make jobs in the manufacturing sector accessible for people with disabilities. Three types of assistance systems have been examined: sensorial aid systems, physical aid systems, and cognitive aid systems. In a concluding discussion of the results, we finally summarize the implications on management and policies as well as the potential and limitations of identified worker assistance technologies. On the one hand, the study is intended to draw the attention of researchers and industrial companies to new technological possibilities for the inclusion of people with disabilities in production. On the other hand, difficulties and grievances due to the legal foundations are pointed out to stimulate a critical discussion here as well.
Journal Article
Variations in migration motives over distance
It is often assumed that long-distance migration is dominated by employment or educationally led motives and that local-scale mobility is linked to family and housing adjustments. Unfortunately, few empirical studies examining the relationship between motives and distance exist. Recognising that the relationships between migration motives and distances are likely to be context-specific, we explore and compare the relationship in three advanced economies: the United Kingdom, Australia, and Sweden. We use three sources of nationally representative microdata: the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) (2009-2018); the Australian Household, Income and Labour Dynamics (HILDA) survey (2001-2016); and a Swedish survey of motives undertaken in spring 2007. LOESS smooth curves are presented for each of six distance--motive trends (Area, Education, Employment, Family, Housing, and Other) in the three countries. The patterns offer some support to the common assumptions. In all three countries, housing is the most commonly cited motive to move locally. Employment is an important motive for longer-distance migration. Yet, interestingly, and consistent across the three national contexts, family-related considerations are shown to be key in motivating both shorter- and longer-distance moves.
Journal Article
El Impacto de la Accesibilidad en el Derecho a la Vida Privada y Familiar
(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 525-535 | European Forum Insight of 3 August 2023 | (Table of Contents) I. Introducción - II. Hechos - III. La falta de accesibilidad como límite al derecho a la vida privada y familiar - IV. Accesibilidad y ajustes razonables: una oportunidad perdida - V. La carga desproporcionada e indebida - VI. Conclusión | (Abstract) Persons with disabilities keep struggling to enjoy their rights on equal conditions with other people de-spite being granted the right of non-discrimination under several international treaties. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is increasingly turning to a systemic interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). However, the case to be studied shows some contradictions between the interpre-tation given by the ECtHR and the Committee of the CRPD and points to the need of a better under-standing of notions related with disability and a stricter control on the States’ discretion to adopt rea-sonable accommodation measures.
Journal Article
Workforce Transition and Job Accessibility among Ethiopian People with Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Background: In Ethiopia, people with disabilities (PwDs) face significant marginalization and barriers to employment, despite a legislative framework intended to guarantee their rights. A critical knowledge gap exists regarding the implementation of these policies and the lived experiences of highly educated PwD navigating the transition to work. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 with 784 university graduates with mobility and/or sensory impairments employed in the public sector. Data on socio-demographics, educational and employment histories, access to workplace accommodations, and perceptions of disability policies were collected via semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Findings reveal a notable gap between policy intent and actual implementation. While participants held generally positive views of disability-related laws, over 60% reported significant frustration during their job search, citing discriminatory vacancy announcements and inaccessible application processes as key barriers. Although higher educational attainment was significantly associated with increased access to workplace accommodations, these provisions remained overwhelmingly insufficient. Critical accommodations like accessible transportation, physical modifications to the work environment, and adaptive equipment were identified as unmet needs by a large majority (68-85%) of respondents. Conclusion: The study concludes that existing laws in Ethiopia have limited translation into equitable employment outcomes for graduates with disabilities. Systemic barriers to PwDs were identified, and these barriers were reported to perpetuate exclusion. Meaningful inclusion demands stricter enforcement of existing laws, deliberate efforts to eliminate attitudinal and environmental barriers, and a firm commitment to guaranteeing workplace accommodations as rights rather than privileges. Keywords: work transition, job accessibility, disability, employment, reasonable accommodation, higher education, social model, policy implementation, Ethiopia
Journal Article
Perceptions d'efficacité des services de soutien et des mesures d'accommodements des étudiants ayant un TDAH à l'éducation postsecondaire
Cette étude a pour but d'examiner l'utilisation des services de soutien et des mesures d'accommodements chez les étudiants ayant un TDAH à l'éducation postsecondaire, ainsi que les perceptions d'efficacité de ces ressources. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès de 29 étudiants ayant un TDAH, provenant de collèges (n = 10) et d'universités (n = 19) du Québec. Les résultats montrent que les participants utilisent une variété de services de soutien et de mesures d'accommodements. Le supplément de temps et le local adapté pour les examens ressortent comme les mesures d'accommodements les plus utilisées. Les perceptions d'efficacité sont plutôt partagées, puisque plusieurs obstacles nuisent à la pleine efficacité de certaines mesures. Le vécu des participants informe les établissements postsecondaires des problèmes qui doivent être abordés pour maximiser l'efficacité de leurs services et pour offrir aux étudiants un environnement leur permettant de performer à la hauteur de leur potentiel. Mots-clés : TDAH, étudiants postsecondaires, accommodements raisonnables, services de soutien, expérience This study aims to document the use of support services and accommodations among students with ADHD in postsecondary education, as well as examine the perceptions of the effectiveness of these resources. Data were collected by conducting in-depth individual interviews with 29 students with ADHD from Quebec colleges (n = 10) and universities (n = 19). The results show that a variety of support services and accommodation are used by participants. Additional time on exams and testing in a separate room are the most used. Perceptions of effectiveness are rather mixed, since several obstacles affect the full effectiveness of some accommodations. The voices of participants inform postsecondary institutions of the issues that must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of their services and to provide students with an environment that allows them to perform to their potential. Keywords: ADHD, postsecondary student, reasonable accommodation, support services, experience
Journal Article
The criticality of reasonable accommodations: A scoping review revealing gaps in care for patients with blindness and low vision
Health and healthcare disparities for surgical patients with blindness and low vision (pBLV) stem from inaccessible healthcare systems that lack universal design principles or, at a minimum, reasonable accommodations (RA).
We aimed to identify barriers to developing and implementing RAs in the surgical setting and provide a review of best practices for providing RAs.
We conducted a search of PubMed for evidence of reasonable accommodations, or lack thereof, in the surgical setting. Articles related to gaps and barriers to providing RAs for pBLV or best practices for supporting RAs were reviewed for the study.
Barriers to the implementation of reasonable accommodations, and, accordingly, best practices for achieving equity for pBLV, relate to policies and systems, staff knowledge and attitudes, and materials and technology.
These inequities for pBLV require comprehensive frameworks that offer, maintain, and support education about disability disparities and RAs in the surgical field. Providing RAs for surgical pBLV, and all patients with disabilities is an important and impactful step towards creating a more equitable and anti-ableist health system.
•Reasonable accommodations (RA) are adjustments in policies, practices and procedures to ensure accessibility for all patients.•The lack of comprehensive frameworks for supporting RAs leads to health disparities for people with blindness and low vision.•Barriers to providing RAs can be categorized as related to policies and systems, staff and attitudes, or materials.
Journal Article
Communication Barriers in the Criminal Courts of England and Wales: Experiences of Defendants with Mental Health Conditions or Learning Disabilities
In recent years, the need to provide communication support for defendants with mental health conditions or learning disabilities in criminal cases has received increased attention in international, regional and domestic law. However, defendants in England and Wales have inconsistent access to this type of support. Furthermore, limited empirical research has examined this category of defendants’ experiences and the barriers that hinder their access to communication support in criminal court proceedings. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the experiences of former defendants in England and Wales and analysing the findings from a human rights perspective. Drawing on telephone and group interviews, it examines the extent to which these individuals accessed communication support and the barriers they encountered. Most participants reported receiving no communication support to help them understand what was happening or being said in court. Five key barriers were identified: professional knowledge gaps; stigma and discrimination; absence of a formal diagnosis; the speed of court proceedings; and inequalities in statutory provisions. Addressing these barriers is essential not only for ensuring equal access to justice in criminal courts in England and Wales but also for advancing the broader principles of inclusion and disability rights in legal systems worldwide.
Journal Article