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For a significant part of the early modern period, England was the most active site of recipe publication in Europe and the only country in which recipes were explicitly addressed to housewives.Recipes for Thoughtanalyzes, for the first time, the full range of English manuscript and printed recipe collections produced over the course of two centuries. Recipes reveal much more than the history of puddings and pies: they expose the unexpectedly therapeutic, literate, and experimental culture of the English kitchen. Wendy Wall explores ways that recipe writing-like poetry and artisanal culture-wrestled with the physical and metaphysical puzzles at the center of both traditional humanistic and emerging \"scientific\" cultures. Drawing on the works of Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, and others to interpret a reputedly \"unlearned\" form of literature, she demonstrates that people from across the social spectrum concocted poetic exercises of wit, experimented with unusual and sometimes edible forms of literacy, and tested theories of knowledge as they wrote about healing and baking. Recipe exchange, we discover, invited early modern housewives to contemplate the complex components of being a Renaissance \"maker\" and thus to reflect on lofty concepts such as figuration, natural philosophy, national identity, status, mortality, memory, epistemology, truth-telling, and matter itself. Kitchen work, recipes tell us, engaged vital creative and intellectual labors.

In this study, an automatic receipt recognition system (ARRS) is developed. First, a receipt is scanned for conversion into a high-resolution image. Receipt characters are automatically placed into two categories according to the receipt characteristics: printed and handwritten characters. Images of receipts with these characters are preprocessed separately. For handwritten characters, template matching and the fixed features of the receipts are used for text positioning, and projection is applied for character segmentation. Finally, a convolutional neural network is used for character recognition. For printed characters, a modified You Only Look Once (version 4) model (YOLOv4-s) executes precise text positioning and character recognition. The proposed YOLOv4-s model reduces downsampling, thereby enhancing small-object recognition. Finally, the system produces recognition results in a tax declaration format, which can upload to a tax declaration system. Experimental results revealed that the recognition accuracy of the proposed system was 80.93% for handwritten characters. Moreover, the YOLOv4-s model had a 99.39% accuracy rate for printed characters; only 33 characters were misjudged. The recognition accuracy of the YOLOv4-s model was higher than that of the traditional YOLOv4 model by 20.57%. Therefore, the proposed ARRS can considerably improve the efficiency of tax declaration, reduce labor costs, and simplify operating procedures.

• Premise of the study: While we have a good understanding of how co-flowering plants interact via pollinator foraging, we still know very little about how plants interact via heterospecific pollen (HP) receipt. To fill this gap, we sought to illuminate the extent of HP receipt and quantitatively evaluate the fitness consequences of HP receipt. We consider plant traits that could mediate the fitness costs of HP receipt in an effort to better understand the potential consequences of pollinator sharing in natural communities.• Methods: We survey the literature for occurrence of HP receipt and assess variation in the fitness effects of a standard HP treatment. We develop a conceptual framework for understanding variation in fitness consequences of HP receipt.• Key results: We find evidence for variation in HP receipt and its costs. Our framework predicts that certain traits (self-incompatibility, small, highly aperaturate or allelopathic pollen) will lead to detrimental HP donors, whereas others (self-compatibility, small or wet stigmas, short styles) will lead to vulnerable HP recipients. We also predict that detrimental effects of HP receipt will increase with decreasing phylogenetic distance between donor and recipient.• Conclusions: Our framework can guide much needed additional work so that we can evaluate whether and which plant traits contribute to the variation in the effects of HP receipt. This will be a step toward predicting the consequences of HP receipt in natural communities, and ultimately transform our understanding of the role of postpollination interactions in floral trait evolution and pollinator sharing.

The paper analyzes the characteristics of lending to agricultural commodity producers using the innovative financing method — the agrarian receipts. In order to operate a new tool for lending to agricultural commodity producers, in the fall of 2014, a joint Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine has introduced a pilot project Agrarian Receipts in Ukraine with the assistance of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine. Not only suppliers and distributors of material and technical resources, grain traders, banks, but also non-resident companies from Estonia, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates have joined creditors on agrarian receipts. As a result of the Project, small and medium agricultural commodity producers have received an effective tool that will help to attract additional financial resources due to transparency of relations with the lender and to reduce the cost of the registration procedure compared to other tools. That is why the paper notes the importance of improving the mechanism of international agrarian receipts by amending the current legislation of Ukraine. After all, this will contribute to improve the access of agricultural commodity producers to production resources and financing, usability, efficiency, reliability of agrarian receipts, and expand the scope of their use. In this regard, proposals to amend the Law of Ukraine On Agrarian Receipts, namely, to determine the legal nature of an agrarian receipt and to enshrine at the legislative level of an agrarian receipt as a security with the possibility of its use in free circulation have been developed. It is considered the foreign experience in crediting the agricultural sector using of agrarian receipts. The features and attractiveness of the mechanism for financing agricultural commodity producers using international agrarian receipts, because it allows domestic agricultural producers access to international financing, have been disclosed. Therefore, one of the main purposes of this paper is to attract the attention of reseachers to the need to improve the mechanism for applying international agrarian receipts, putting them into circulation, which will facilitate the effective use of this tool by agricultural commodity producers in the process of attracting foreign financial resources.

PurposeThis study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to determine the intellectual structure of cross-listing studies and suggests a road map for future research in this field.Design/methodology/approachA step-by-step procedure was carried out. With the help of a defined search string, 580 articles from reputed journals have been retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliographic coupling and keyword analysis were executed to understand the current research scenario and future research directions in this research field. In addition, R Studio combined with VOSviewer was employed to analyse and visualise the data.FindingsThe results provide a deeper insight into publication trends, most prolific countries, institutions and journals in the area of cross-listing. The highest collaboration was observed between the authors in the USA and Canada. Moreover, the results contradict Bradford's and Lotka's laws. A thorough review of the literature identifies five clusters in this domain. Finally, keyword analysis offers a future road map in cross-listing research.Originality/valueResearchers have shown greater interest in cross-listing topics over the past decades. Even though the research volume on this subject is increasing, the current retrospective is still insufficient. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to provide valuable insights to practitioners, academicians, and prospective researchers about the intellectual structure of cross-listing and also offers future avenues in this research field through bibliometric analysis.

Skin cancer has emerged as the fifth most commonly reported cancer in the world, causing a burden on global health and the economy. The enormously rising environmental changes, industrialization, and genetic modification have further exacerbated skin cancer statistics. Current treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are facing several issues related to cost, toxicity, and bioavailability thereby leading to declined anti-skin cancer therapeutic efficacy and poor patient compliance. In the context of overcoming this limitation, several nanotechnological advancements have been witnessed so far. Among various nanomaterials, nanoparticles have endowed exorbitant advantages by acting as both therapeutic agents and drug carriers for the remarkable treatment of skin cancer. The small size and large surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles escalate the skin tumor uptake through their leaky vasculature resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the present review provides up to date information about different types and pathology of skin cancer, followed by their current treatment modalities and associated drawbacks. Furthermore, it meticulously discusses the role of numerous inorganic, polymer, and lipid-based nanoparticles in skin cancer therapy with subsequent descriptions of their patents and clinical trials. Graphical Abstract

Psoriasis is chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by various comorbidities, erythematous plaques with silvery scale which can lead to psoriatic arthritis. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) protein is a potential drug target to control Psoriasis. In the current study, pharmacophore-based virtual screening of Diversity library of ChemDiv database was first performed, and then the screened hits were docked to the active site of PDE4 to choose the best binding modes. Forty-six hits generated during the virtual screening were prepared and docked to the PDE4 receptor by SP docking module of glide. The binding affinities of the selected hits were calculated by molecular docking and based on the affinities, ten hits were selected for the bioactivity scores prediction and ADMET analysis. Based on the ADMET profiling, four hits D356-2630, C700-2058, G842-0420 and F403-0203 were processed to MD simulations for stability analysis. The outcomes showed that these compounds showed strong binding with proteins with better binding free energies. Based on the results of our study, we proposed that these hits can function as lead in the biological assays and in vitro studies are required to develop the novel drug candidates.